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C++ 11手写状态机

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我是靠谱客的博主 背后草丛，这篇文章主要介绍C++ 11手写状态机，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

本文有电话的几种模式，通过一个trigger进行转换。在各种模式之间切换状态。
手写状态机。
程序代码结构如下，
手写状态机代码结构
test/CMakeLists.txt

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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6)

if(APPLE)
    message(STATUS "This is Apple, do nothing.")
    set(CMAKE_MACOSX_RPATH 1)
    set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH /Users/aabjfzhu/software/vcpkg/ports/cppwork/vcpkg_installed/x64-osx/share )
elseif(UNIX)
    message(STATUS "This is linux, set CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH.")
    set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH /vcpkg/ports/cppwork/vcpkg_installed/x64-linux/share)
endif(APPLE)

project(handmake_state_machine)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-narrowing")

add_definitions(-g)

find_package(ZLIB)

find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED )
find_package(Arrow CONFIG REQUIRED)

find_package(unofficial-brotli REQUIRED)
find_package(unofficial-utf8proc CONFIG REQUIRED)
find_package(Thrift CONFIG REQUIRED)

find_package(glog REQUIRED)

find_package(OpenSSL REQUIRED)

find_package(Boost REQUIRED COMPONENTS
    system
    filesystem
    serialization
    program_options
    thread
    )

find_package(DataFrame REQUIRED)

if(APPLE)
    MESSAGE(STATUS "This is APPLE, set INCLUDE_DIRS")
set(INCLUDE_DIRS ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS} /usr/local/include /usr/local/iODBC/include /opt/snowflake/snowflakeodbc/include/ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include/ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include)
elseif(UNIX)
    MESSAGE(STATUS "This is linux, set INCLUDE_DIRS")
    set(INCLUDE_DIRS ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS} /usr/local/include ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include/   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/)
endif(APPLE)


if(APPLE)
    MESSAGE(STATUS "This is APPLE, set LINK_DIRS")
    set(LINK_DIRS /usr/local/lib /usr/local/iODBC/lib /opt/snowflake/snowflakeodbc/lib/universal)
elseif(UNIX)
    MESSAGE(STATUS "This is linux, set LINK_DIRS")
    set(LINK_DIRS ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS} /usr/local/lib /vcpkg/ports/cppwork/vcpkg_installed/x64-linux/lib)
endif(APPLE)

if(APPLE)
    MESSAGE(STATUS "This is APPLE, set ODBC_LIBS")
    set(ODBC_LIBS iodbc iodbcinst)
elseif(UNIX)
    MESSAGE(STATUS "This is linux, set LINK_DIRS")
    set(ODBC_LIBS odbc odbcinst ltdl)
endif(APPLE)

include_directories(${INCLUDE_DIRS})
LINK_DIRECTORIES(${LINK_DIRS})

file( GLOB test_file_list ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/*.cpp) 

file( GLOB APP_SOURCES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../impl/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include/*.h ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/arr_/impl/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/http/impl/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/yaml/impl/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/df/impl/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/death_handler/impl/*.cpp)

add_library(${PROJECT_NAME}_lib SHARED ${APP_SOURCES} ${test_file})
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}_lib ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ZLIB::ZLIB glog::glog DataFrame::DataFrame ${OpenCV_LIBS})
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}_lib OpenSSL::SSL OpenSSL::Crypto libgtest.a pystring libyaml-cpp.a libgmock.a ${ODBC_LIBS} libnanodbc.a pthread dl backtrace libzstd.a libbz2.a libsnappy.a re2::re2 parquet lz4 unofficial::brotli::brotlidec-static unofficial::brotli::brotlienc-static unofficial::brotli::brotlicommon-static utf8proc thrift::thrift  arrow arrow_dataset)

foreach( test_file ${test_file_list} )
    file(RELATIVE_PATH filename ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} ${test_file})
    string(REPLACE ".cpp" "" file ${filename})
    add_executable(${file}  ${test_file})
    target_link_libraries(${file} ${PROJECT_NAME}_lib)
endforeach( test_file ${test_file_list})

test/handmake_state_machine_test.cpp

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#include "handmake_state_machine.hpp"

#include <glog/logging.h>
#include <gtest/gtest.h>

#include <fstream>
#include <memory>
#include <algorithm>

#include "death_handler/death_handler.h"

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    FLAGS_log_dir = "./";
    FLAGS_alsologtostderr = true;
    // 日志级别 INFO, WARNING, ERROR, FATAL 的值分别为0、1、2、3
    FLAGS_minloglevel = 0;

    Debug::DeathHandler dh;

    google::InitGoogleLogging("./logs.log");
    testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
    int ret = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
    return ret;
}

GTEST_TEST(HMakeMSMTests, HMakeMSM) {
    StateMachine sm;
    while(sm.next_state());
    std::cout << "We are done using the phonen";
}

include/handmake_state_machine.hpp

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#ifndef _FREDRIC_HANDMAKE_STATE_MACHINE_HPP_
#define _FREDRIC_HANDMAKE_STATE_MACHINE_HPP_

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>

enum class State {
    off_hook,  // 已拿起电话
    connecting, // 正在连接
    connected,  // 已连接
    on_hold,    // 暂停
    on_hook     // 挂机电话, 退出状态
};


inline std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os, State const& s) {
    switch(s) {
        case State::off_hook:
            os << "off the hook";
            break;
        case State::connecting:
            os << "connecting";
            break;
        case State::connected:
            os << "connected";
            break;
        case State::on_hold:
            os << "on hold";
            break;
        case State::on_hook:
            os << "on the hook";
            break;
    }
    return os;
}

enum class Trigger {
    call_dialed,
    hung_up, 
    call_connected,
    placed_on_hold,
    taken_off_hold,
    left_message,
    stop_using_phone
};

inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, Trigger const& t) {
    switch(t) {
        case Trigger::call_dialed:
            os << "call dialed";
            break;
        case Trigger::hung_up:
            os << "hung up";
            break;
        case Trigger::call_connected:
            os << "call connected";
            break;
        case Trigger::placed_on_hold:
            os << "placed on hold";
            break; 
        case Trigger::taken_off_hold:
            os << "taken off hold";
            break;
        case Trigger::left_message:
            os << "left message";
            break;
        case Trigger::stop_using_phone:
            os << "putting phone on hook";
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
    return os;
}

struct StateMachine {
    
    std::map<State, std::vector<std::pair<Trigger, State>>> rules;

    State currentState{ State::off_hook }, exitState{ State::on_hook };

    StateMachine() {
        rules[State::off_hook] = {
            {Trigger::call_dialed, State::connecting},
            {Trigger::stop_using_phone, State::on_hook}
        };

        rules[State::connecting] = {
            {Trigger::hung_up, State::off_hook},
            {Trigger::call_connected, State::connected}
        };

        rules[State::connected] = {
            {Trigger::left_message, State::off_hook},
            {Trigger::hung_up, State::off_hook},
            {Trigger::placed_on_hold, State::on_hold}
        };

        rules[State::on_hold] = {
             {Trigger::taken_off_hold, State::connected},
             {Trigger::hung_up, State::off_hook}
        };
    }

    bool next_state() {
        std::cout << "The phone is currently " << currentState << std::endl;
    select_trigger:
        std::cout << "Select a trigger:n";
        int i = 0;
        for(auto item: rules[currentState]) {
            std::cout << i++ << ". " << item.first << "n";
        }

        int input;
        std::cin >> input;
        if(input < 0 || (input+1) > rules[currentState].size()) {
            std::cout << "Incorrect option. Please try again.n";
            goto select_trigger;
        }
        currentState = rules[currentState][input].second;
        return (currentState != exitState);
    }
};

#endif

程序输出如下，
在这里插入图片描述

最后

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