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概述

前言
上一篇文章Spring整合Quartz分布式调度介绍了Quartz通过数据库的方式来实现分布式调度,通过使用数据库来存储trigger,job等信息,可以在停服重启的时候重新加载上次trigger的状态,保证了完整性;另一方面通过数据库来实现锁机制来实现分布式调度;Quartz默认提供了11张表,本文将对这几张表做简要的分析。

表信息

1.qrtz_blob_triggers
2.qrtz_cron_triggers
3.qrtz_simple_triggers
4.qrtz_simprop_triggers
5.qrtz_fired_triggers
6.qrtz_triggers
7.qrtz_job_details
8.qrtz_calendars
9.qrtz_paused_trigger_grps
10.qrtz_scheduler_state
11.qrtz_locks

共11张表,前6张都是关于各种triggers的信息,后面包括job,悲观锁,调度状态等信息;相关表操作在类StdJDBCDelegate中,相关sql语句在StdJDBCConstants中;

1.qrtz_blob_triggers
自定义的triggers使用blog类型进行存储,非自定义的triggers不会存放在此表中,Quartz提供的triggers包括:CronTrigger,CalendarIntervalTrigger,
DailyTimeIntervalTrigger以及SimpleTrigger,这几个trigger信息会保存在后面的几张表中;

2.qrtz_cron_triggers
存储CronTrigger,这也是我们使用最多的触发器,在配置文件中做如下配置,即可在qrtz_cron_triggers生成记录:

<bean id="firstCronTrigger"
    class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean">
    <property name="jobDetail" ref="firstTask" />
    <property name="cronExpression" value="0/6 * * ? * *" />
    <property name="group" value="firstCronGroup"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="firstTask"
    class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">
    <property name="jobClass" value="zh.maven.SQuartz.task.FirstTask" />
    <property name="jobDataMap">
        <map>
            <entry key="firstService" value-ref="firstService" />
        </map>
    </property>
</bean>
<bean id="firstService" class="zh.maven.SQuartz.service.FirstService"></bean>

表达式指定了每隔6秒执行一次,然后指定了要执行的task,task指定了要执行的业务,运行之后可以查看数据表:

mysql> select * from qrtz_cron_triggers;
+-------------+------------------+----------------+-----------------+---------------+
| SCHED_NAME  | TRIGGER_NAME     | TRIGGER_GROUP  | CRON_EXPRESSION | TIME_ZONE_ID  |
+-------------+------------------+----------------+-----------------+---------------+
| myScheduler | firstCronTrigger | firstCronGroup | 0/6 * * ? * *   | Asia/Shanghai |
+-------------+------------------+----------------+-----------------+---------------+

myScheduler是在定义SchedulerFactoryBean时指定的名称,其他字段都可以在上面的配置中找到;

3.qrtz_simple_triggers
存储SimpleTrigger,在配置文件中做如下配置,即可在qrtz_simple_triggers生成记录:

<bean id="firstSimpleTrigger"
    class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean">
    <property name="jobDetail" ref="firstSimpleTask" />
    <property name="startDelay" value="1000" />
    <property name="repeatInterval" value="2000" />
    <property name="repeatCount" value="5"></property>
    <property name="group" value="firstSimpleGroup"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="firstSimpleTask"
    class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">
    <property name="jobClass" value="zh.maven.SQuartz.task.SimpleFirstTask" />
    <property name="jobDataMap">
        <map>
            <entry key="firstService" value-ref="simpleFirstService" />
        </map>
    </property>
</bean>
<bean id="simpleFirstService" class="zh.maven.SQuartz.service.SimpleFirstService"></bean>

指定了开始延迟时间,重复间隔时间已经重复的次数限制,查看表如下:

mysql> select * from qrtz_simple_triggers;
+-------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| SCHED_NAME  | TRIGGER_NAME       | TRIGGER_GROUP    | REPEAT_COUNT | REPEAT_INTERVAL | TIMES_TRIGGERED |
+-------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| myScheduler | firstSimpleTrigger | firstSimpleGroup |            5 |            2000 |               1 |
+-------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+-----------------+

TIMES_TRIGGERED用来记录执行了多少次了,此值被定义在SimpleTriggerImpl中,每次执行+1,这里定义的REPEAT_COUNT=5,实际情况会执行6次,具体可以查看SimpleTriggerImpl源码:

public Date getFireTimeAfter(Date afterTime) {
        if (complete) {
            return null;
        }
 
        if ((timesTriggered > repeatCount)
                && (repeatCount != REPEAT_INDEFINITELY)) {
            return null;
        }
        ......
}

timesTriggered默认值为0,当timesTriggered > repeatCount停止trigger,所以会执行6次,当执行完毕之后此记录会被删除;

4.qrtz_simprop_triggers
存储CalendarIntervalTrigger和DailyTimeIntervalTrigger两种类型的触发器,使用CalendarIntervalTrigger做如下配置:

<bean id="firstCalendarTrigger" class="org.quartz.impl.triggers.CalendarIntervalTriggerImpl">
    <property name="jobDataMap">
        <map>
            <entry key="jobDetail" value-ref="firstCalendarTask"></entry>
        </map>
    </property>
    <property name="key" ref="calendarTriggerKey"></property>
    <property name="repeatInterval" value="1" />
    <property name="group" value="firstCalendarGroup"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="firstCalendarTask"
    class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">
    <property name="jobClass" value="zh.maven.SQuartz.task.CalendarFirstTask" />
    <property name="jobDataMap">
        <map>
            <entry key="firstService" value-ref="calendarFirstService" />
        </map>
    </property>
</bean>
<bean id="calendarFirstService" class="zh.maven.SQuartz.service.CalendarFirstService"></bean>

CalendarIntervalTrigger没有对应的FactoryBean,直接设置实现类CalendarIntervalTriggerImpl;指定的重复周期是1,默认单位是天,也就是每天执行一次,查看表如下:

mysql> select * from qrtz_simprop_triggers;
+-------------+--------------------+--------------------+------------+---------------+------------+------------+------------+-------------+-------------+------------+------------+-------------+-------------+
| SCHED_NAME  | TRIGGER_NAME       | TRIGGER_GROUP      | STR_PROP_1 | STR_PROP_2    | STR_PROP_3 | INT_PROP_1 | INT_PROP_2 | LONG_PROP_1 | LONG_PROP_2 | DEC_PROP_1 | DEC_PROP_2 | BOOL_PROP_1 | BOOL_PROP_2 |
+-------------+--------------------+--------------------+------------+---------------+------------+------------+------------+-------------+-------------+------------+------------+-------------+-------------+
| myScheduler | calendarTriggerKey | firstCalendarGroup | DAY        | Asia/Shanghai | NULL       |          1 |          1 |           0 |           0 |       NULL |       NULL | 0           | 0           |
+-------------+--------------------+--------------------+------------+---------------+------------+------------+------------+-------------+-------------+------------+------------+-------------+-------------+

提供了3个string类型的参数,2个int类型的参数,2个long类型的参数,2个decimal类型的参数以及2个boolean类型的参数;具体每个参数是什么含义,根据不同的trigger类型存放各自的参数;

5.qrtz_fired_triggers
存储已经触发的trigger相关信息,trigger随着时间的推移状态发生变化,直到最后trigger执行完成,从表中被删除;已SimpleTrigger为例重复3次执行,查询表:

mysql> select * from qrtz_fired_triggers;
+-------------+----------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------+---------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------+-----------+-----------------+-----------+------------------+-------------------+
| SCHED_NAME  | ENTRY_ID                               | TRIGGER_NAME       | TRIGGER_GROUP    | INSTANCE_NAME             | FIRED_TIME    | SCHED_TIME    | PRIORITY | STATE     | JOB_NAME        | JOB_GROUP | IS_NONCONCURRENT | REQUESTS_RECOVERY |
+-------------+----------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------+---------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------+-----------+-----------------+-----------+------------------+-------------------+
| myScheduler | NJD9YZGJ2-PC15241041777351524104177723 | firstSimpleTrigger | firstSimpleGroup | NJD9YZGJ2-PC1524104177735 | 1524104178499 | 1524104178472 |        0 | EXECUTING | firstSimpleTask | DEFAULT   | 0                | 0                 |
| myScheduler | NJD9YZGJ2-PC15241041777351524104177724 | firstSimpleTrigger | firstSimpleGroup | NJD9YZGJ2-PC1524104177735 | 1524104180477 | 1524104180472 |        0 | EXECUTING | firstSimpleTask | DEFAULT   | 0                | 0                 |
| myScheduler | NJD9YZGJ2-PC15241041777351524104177725 | firstSimpleTrigger | firstSimpleGroup | NJD9YZGJ2-PC1524104177735 | 1524104180563 | 1524104182472 |        0 | ACQUIRED  | NULL            | NULL      | 0                | 0                 |
+-------------+----------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------+---------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------+-----------+-----------------+-----------+------------------+-------------------+

相同的trigger和task,每触发一次都会创建一个实例;从刚被创建的ACQUIRED状态,到EXECUTING状态,最后执行完从数据库中删除;

6.qrtz_triggers
存储定义的trigger,以上定义的三个triggers为例,分别是:firstSimpleTrigger,firstCalendarTrigger和firstCronTrigger,运行之后查看数据库:

mysql> select * from qrtz_triggers;
+-------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+----------------+----------------+----------+---------------+--------------+---------------+----------+---------------+---------------+----------+
| SCHED_NAME  | TRIGGER_NAME       | TRIGGER_GROUP      | JOB_NAME          | JOB_GROUP | DESCRIPTION | NEXT_FIRE_TIME | PREV_FIRE_TIME | PRIORITY | TRIGGER_STATE | TRIGGER_TYPE | START_TIME    | END_TIME | CALENDAR_NAME | MISFIRE_INSTR | JOB_DATA |
+-------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+----------------+----------------+----------+---------------+--------------+---------------+----------+---------------+---------------+----------+
| myScheduler | calendarTriggerKey | firstCalendarGroup | firstCalendarTask | DEFAULT   | NULL        |  1524203884719 |  1524117484719 |        5 | WAITING       | CAL_INT      | 1524117484719 |        0 | NULL          |             0 |          |
| myScheduler | firstCronTrigger   | firstCronGroup     | firstTask         | DEFAULT   | NULL        |  1524117492000 |  1524117486000 |        0 | ACQUIRED      | CRON         | 1524117483000 |        0 | firstCalendar |             0 |          |
| myScheduler | firstSimpleTrigger | firstSimpleGroup   | firstSimpleTask   | DEFAULT   | NULL        |             -1 |  1524117488436 |        0 | COMPLETE      | SIMPLE       | 1524117484436 |        0 | NULL          |             0 |          |
+-------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+----------------+----------------+----------+---------------+--------------+---------------+----------+---------------+---------------+----------+

和qrtz_fired_triggers存放的不一样,不管trigger触发了多少次都只有一条记录,TRIGGER_STATE用来标识当前trigger的状态;firstCalendarTask每天执行一次,执行完之后一直是WAITING状态;firstCronTrigger每6秒执行一次状态是ACQUIRED状态;firstSimpleTrigger重复执行6次后状态为COMPLETE,并且会被删除;

7.qrtz_job_details
存储jobDetails信息,相关信息在定义的时候指定,如上面定义的JobDetailFactoryBean,查询数据库:

mysql> select * from qrtz_job_details;
+-------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+-------------------+----------+
| SCHED_NAME  | JOB_NAME          | JOB_GROUP | DESCRIPTION | JOB_CLASS_NAME                          | IS_DURABLE | IS_NONCONCURRENT | IS_UPDATE_DATA | REQUESTS_RECOVERY | JOB_DATA |
+-------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+-------------------+----------+
| myScheduler | firstCalendarTask | DEFAULT   | NULL        | zh.maven.SQuartz.task.CalendarFirstTask | 0          | 0                | 0              | 0                 | |
| myScheduler | firstSimpleTask   | DEFAULT   | NULL        | zh.maven.SQuartz.task.SimpleFirstTask   | 0          | 0                | 0              | 0                 | |
| myScheduler | firstTask         | DEFAULT   | NULL        | zh.maven.SQuartz.task.FirstTask         | 0          | 0                | 0              | 0                 | |
+-------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+-------------------+----------+

JOB_DATA存放的就是定义task时指定的jobDataMap属性,所以此属性需要实现Serializable接口,方便持久化到数据库;

8.qrtz_calendars
Quartz为我们提供了日历的功能,可以自己定义一个时间段,可以控制触发器在这个时间段内触发或者不触发;现在提供6种类型:AnnualCalendar,CronCalendar,DailyCalendar,HolidayCalendar,MonthlyCalendar,WeeklyCalendar;以下使用CronCalendar为例:

<bean id="firstCalendar" class="org.quartz.impl.calendar.CronCalendar">
    <constructor-arg value="0/5 * * ? * *"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="firstCronTrigger"
    class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean">
    <property name="jobDetail" ref="firstTask" />
    <property name="cronExpression" value="0/6 * * ? * *" />
    <property name="group" value="firstCronGroup"></property>
    <property name="calendarName" value="firstCalendar"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="scheduler"
    class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
    <property name="schedulerName" value="myScheduler"></property>
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:quartz.properties" />
    <property name="triggers">
        <list>
            <ref bean="firstCronTrigger" />
        </list>
    </property>
    <property name="calendars">
        <map>
            <entry key="firstCalendar" value-ref="firstCalendar"></entry>
        </map>
    </property>
</bean>

定义了一个排除每隔5秒的CronCalendar,然后在firstCronTrigger中指定了calendarName,并且需要在SchedulerFactoryBean中定义calendars;因为firstCronTrigger每6秒执行一次,而CronCalendar排除每隔5秒,所以会出现firstCronTrigger在第5次触发的时候需要等待12秒,结果如下:

20180419 15:09:06---start FirstService
20180419 15:09:08---end FirstService
20180419 15:09:12---start FirstService
20180419 15:09:14---end FirstService
20180419 15:09:18---start FirstService
20180419 15:09:20---end FirstService
20180419 15:09:24---start FirstService
20180419 15:09:26---end FirstService
20180419 15:09:36---start FirstService
20180419 15:09:38---end FirstService

查询保存在数据中的CronCalendar:

mysql> select * from qrtz_calendars;
+-------------+---------------+----------+
| SCHED_NAME  | CALENDAR_NAME | CALENDAR |
+-------------+---------------+----------+
| myScheduler | firstCalendar | |
+-------------+---------------+----------+

CALENDAR存放的是CronCalendar序列化之后的数据;

9.qrtz_paused_trigger_grps
存放暂停掉的触发器,测试手动暂停firstCronTrigger,代码如下:

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final AbstractApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("quartz.xml");
        final StdScheduler scheduler = (StdScheduler) context.getBean("scheduler");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(4000);
            scheduler.pauseTriggers(GroupMatcher.triggerGroupEquals("firstCronGroup"));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

启动之后延迟4秒后暂停firstCronTrigger,这里传递的参数group,然后查看数据库:

mysql> select * from qrtz_paused_trigger_grps;
+-------------+----------------+
| SCHED_NAME  | TRIGGER_GROUP  |
+-------------+----------------+
| myScheduler | firstCronGroup |
+-------------+----------------+

因为已经入库,所以重启之后firstCronGroup还是处于暂停状态,firstCronTrigger不会运行;

10.qrtz_scheduler_state
存储所有节点的scheduler,会定期检查scheduler是否失效,启动多个scheduler,查询数据库:

mysql> select * from qrtz_scheduler_state;
+-------------+---------------------------+-------------------+------------------+
| SCHED_NAME  | INSTANCE_NAME             | LAST_CHECKIN_TIME | CHECKIN_INTERVAL |
+-------------+---------------------------+-------------------+------------------+
| myScheduler | NJD9YZGJ2-PC1524209095408 |     1524209113973 |             1000 |
| myScheduler | NJD9YZGJ2-PC1524209097649 |     1524209113918 |             1000 |
+-------------+---------------------------+-------------------+------------------+

记录了最后最新的检查时间,在quartz.properties中设置了CHECKIN_INTERVAL为1000,也就是每秒检查一次;

11.qrtz_locks
Quartz提供的锁表,为多个节点调度提供分布式锁,实现分布式调度,默认有2个锁:

mysql> select * from qrtz_locks;
+-------------+----------------+
| SCHED_NAME  | LOCK_NAME      |
+-------------+----------------+
| myScheduler | STATE_ACCESS   |
| myScheduler | TRIGGER_ACCESS |
+-------------+----------------+

STATE_ACCESS主要用在scheduler定期检查是否失效的时候,保证只有一个节点去处理已经失效的scheduler;
TRIGGER_ACCESS主要用在TRIGGER被调度的时候,保证只有一个节点去执行调度;

总结
本文对这11张表做了简要的分析,介绍了每张表具体是用来存储什么的,并且给了简单的实例;其实如果要实现一个trigger的管理系统,其实也就是对这几张表的维护。

最后

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