C++代码实现贪吃蛇小游戏

#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <deque>
#include <ctime>
#pragma warning(disable:4996)
using namespace std;
HANDLE hOut;
COORD pos;

//1.实现gotoxy函数
void gotoxy(short x, short y)
{
 hOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); //获取句柄
 pos = { x, y };
 SetConsoleCursorPosition(hOut, pos);  //移动光标到指定位置
}
void HideCursor() //隐藏光标
{
 HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
 CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
 GetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);//获取控制台光标信息
 CursorInfo.bVisible = false;    //隐藏控制台光标
 SetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);//设置控制台光标状态
}

//2.蛇的结构体
struct Snake
{
 char body;
 short position_x, position_y;    //蛇的坐标
};

//3.游戏运行类
class Game
{
private:
 char image;
 enum mapSize { width = 60, height = 30 }; //游戏地图
 deque<Snake> snake;      //定义一个队列，装蛇的身体
 int score = 0;        //游戏分数
 char hit = 'w';       //按键输入
 bool eat_Food = false;      //是否吃到食物
 short food_x, food_y;      //食物坐标
 int speed = 400;       //蛇的速度
 bool snake_state = true;     //蛇的状态
 int level = 1;        //游戏关卡
public:
 Game();
 void draw_Frame()  //画边框
 {
 for (int i = 0; i < height; i++)
 {
 gotoxy(0, i);
 cout << "■";
 gotoxy(width, i);
 cout << "■";
 }
 for (int i = 0; i <= width; i += 2) //■ 这个符号占两个字符位置，所以是+2
 {
 gotoxy(i, 0);
 cout << "■";
 gotoxy(i, height);
 cout << "■";
 }
 }
 void init_snake()  //初始化蛇
 {
 snake.push_back({ '#', width / 2, static_cast<short>(height / 2) }); //添加蛇头
 for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) //蛇的初始身体节数，可自定
 snake.push_back({ char('o'), width / 2, static_cast<short>((height / 2) + 1 + i) });
 snake.push_back({ ' ', width / 2, static_cast<short>((height / 2) + 4) }); //添加蛇尾，先放空，以便于后面添加节数时操作
 }
 void draw_Snake() //画蛇
 {
 for (int k = 0; k < snake.size(); k++)
 {
 gotoxy(snake[k].position_x, snake[k].position_y);
 cout << snake[k].body;
 }
 }
 void clear_Tail() //清除蛇尾，不建议使用清屏函数，避免屏闪
 {
 int k = snake.size() - 1;
 gotoxy(snake[k].position_x, snake[k].position_y);
 cout << " "; //蛇每移动一次（即一格），就把上一次画出来的蛇尾擦掉
 }
 void draw_Food() //画食物
 {
 while (1)
 {
 food_x = rand() % (width - 4) + 2; //食物要在地图中，不能再地图边框上，地图的符号在x方向占两个字符位置所以+2，而-4则是减去边框
 food_y = rand() % (height - 2) + 1; //与上同理
 if (wrong_Location() && food_x % 2 == 0)
 break;
 }
 gotoxy(food_x, food_y);
 cout << "O";
 }
 bool wrong_Location() //判断食物的坐标是否合理
 {
 for (auto i : snake) //c++11的基于范围的循环
 {
 if (food_x == i.position_x && food_y == i.position_y) //食物不能出现在蛇的身体上
 return 0;
 }
 return 1;
 }
 void judge_eatFood() //判断是否吃到食物
 {
 if (food_x == snake[0].position_x && food_y == snake[0].position_y)
 eat_Food = true;
 }
 void judge_state() //判断蛇是否撞墙或撞身体
 {
 if (snake.size() >= 2) 
 {
 deque<Snake>::iterator iter = snake.begin() + 1; //实际就是把snake容器里第一个（即蛇头）存在iter里
 int x = (iter - 1)->position_x, y = (iter - 1)->position_y;
 for (; iter != snake.end(); ++iter) 
 {
 if (iter->position_x == x && iter->position_y == y) //蛇头不能撞自身
  snake_state = false;
 }
 }
 if(snake[0].position_x == 1 ||
 snake[0].position_x == 59 ||
 snake[0].position_y == 0 ||
 snake[0].position_y == 30) //蛇头不能撞边框
 snake_state = false;
 }
 void key_Down() //按键响应
 {
 char key = hit;
 if (_kbhit()) //接受按键
 hit = _getch(); 
 for (int i = snake.size() - 1; i > 0; i--) //蛇的移动方法，每移动一次，后面一节的身体到了它的前一节身体上
 {
 snake[i].position_x = snake[i - 1].position_x;
 snake[i].position_y = snake[i - 1].position_y;
 }
 if ((hit == 'a' || hit == 'A') && hit != 'd')
 {
 hit = 'a'; snake[0].position_x--;
 }
 else if ((hit == 'd' || hit == 'D') && hit != 'a')
 {
 hit = 'd'; snake[0].position_x++;
 }
 else if ((hit == 'w' || hit == 'W') && hit != 's')
 {
 hit = 'w'; snake[0].position_y--;
 }
 else if ((hit == 's' || hit == 'S') && hit != 'w')
 {
 hit = 's'; snake[0].position_y++;
 }
 }
 void show()
 {
 gotoxy(65, 0);
 cout << "你的得分是:";
 gotoxy(71, 1);
 cout << score;
 gotoxy(69, 2);
 cout << "关卡:" << level;
 }
};
Game::Game()
{
 HideCursor();
 srand(static_cast<unsigned int>(time(NULL))); //随机数种子
 init_snake();
 draw_Food();
 Snake tail; //蛇尾
 while (1)
 {
 draw_Frame();
 tail = snake.back();
 if (eat_Food)
 {
 snake.back().body = 'o'; //把初始化蛇的空尾显示化为o，看到的效果就是加了一节
 snake.push_back(tail); //再添加一节空尾，便于下次操作
 gotoxy(food_x, food_y);
 cout << " "; //食物被吃后要在原来的位置画空，否则光标会退位，导致边框错位
 draw_Food();
 score++;
 if (score % 5 == 0)
 {
 speed *= 0.8;
 level++;
 }
 eat_Food = false;
 }
 if (level == 10)
 break;
 key_Down();
 draw_Snake();
 judge_state();
 if (!snake_state)
 break;
 judge_eatFood(); 
 Sleep(speed);
 clear_Tail();
 show();
 }
}
int main()
{
 system("mode con cols=100 lines=40"); //设置打开窗口大小
 system("color 7C"); //设置背景色和前景色
 system("title 贪吃蛇 v1.0"); 设置窗口标题
 Game game;
 gotoxy(0, 32);
 cout << "Game over!" << endl;
}