Qt串口通信开发之QSerialPort模块详细使用方法与实例

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//构造函数
QSerialPort::QSerialPort(QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR)
QSerialPort::QSerialPort(const QString &name, QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR)
QSerialPort::QSerialPort(const QSerialPortInfo &serialPortInfo, QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR)
//如果当前没有数据可读，返回true
[virtual] bool QSerialPort::atEnd() const
//波特率改变后，信号触发
[signal] void QSerialPort::baudRateChanged(qint32 baudRate, QSerialPort::Directions directions)
//返回可读数据的字节数
[virtual] qint64 QSerialPort::bytesAvailable() const
//返回可写数据的字节数
[virtual] qint64 QSerialPort::bytesToWrite() const
//关闭串口
[virtual] void QSerialPort::close()
//设置串口端口信息为serialPortInfo
void QSerialPort::setPort(const QSerialPortInfo &serialPortInfo)
//设置串口名为name
void QSerialPort::setPortName(const QString &name)

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#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QApplication>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
 QApplication a(argc, argv);
 MainWindow w;
 w.show();
 return a.exec();
}

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#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H
#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QtSerialPort/QSerialPort>
#include <QtSerialPort/QSerialPortInfo>
#include <QList>
#include <QDebug>
namespace Ui {
class MainWindow;
}
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
 Q_OBJECT
public:
 explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
 ~MainWindow();
private slots:
 void on_btn_openConsole_clicked();
 void on_btn_send_clicked();
 void on_btn_clearRecv_clicked();
 void on_btn_clearSend_clicked();
 void readData();
private:
 Ui::MainWindow *ui;
 QSerialPort *serial;
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

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#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
static const char blankString[] = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP("SettingsDialog", "N/A");
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
 QMainWindow(parent),
 ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
 ui->setupUi(this);
 serial = new QSerialPort;
 QString description;
 QString manufacturer;
 QString serialNumber;
 //获取可以用的串口
 QList<QSerialPortInfo> serialPortInfos = QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts();
 //输出当前系统可以使用的串口个数
 qDebug() << "Total numbers of ports: " << serialPortInfos.count();
 //将所有可以使用的串口设备添加到ComboBox中
 for (const QSerialPortInfo &serialPortInfo : serialPortInfos)
 {
  QStringList list;
  description = serialPortInfo.description();
  manufacturer = serialPortInfo.manufacturer();
  serialNumber = serialPortInfo.serialNumber();
  list << serialPortInfo.portName()
    << (!description.isEmpty() ? description : blankString)
    << (!manufacturer.isEmpty() ? manufacturer : blankString)
    << (!serialNumber.isEmpty() ? serialNumber : blankString)
    << serialPortInfo.systemLocation()
    << (serialPortInfo.vendorIdentifier() ? QString::number(serialPortInfo.vendorIdentifier(), 16) : blankString)
    << (serialPortInfo.productIdentifier() ? QString::number(serialPortInfo.productIdentifier(), 16) : blankString);
  ui->comboBox_serialPort->addItem(list.first(), list);
 }
 ui->comboBox_serialPort->addItem(tr("custom"));
 //设置波特率
 ui->comboBox_baudRate->addItem(QStringLiteral("9600"), QSerialPort::Baud9600);
 ui->comboBox_baudRate->addItem(QStringLiteral("19200"), QSerialPort::Baud19200);
 ui->comboBox_baudRate->addItem(QStringLiteral("38400"), QSerialPort::Baud38400);
 ui->comboBox_baudRate->addItem(QStringLiteral("115200"), QSerialPort::Baud115200);
 ui->comboBox_baudRate->addItem(tr("Custom"));
 //设置数据位
 ui->comboBox_dataBits->addItem(QStringLiteral("5"), QSerialPort::Data5);
 ui->comboBox_dataBits->addItem(QStringLiteral("6"), QSerialPort::Data6);
 ui->comboBox_dataBits->addItem(QStringLiteral("7"), QSerialPort::Data7);
 ui->comboBox_dataBits->addItem(QStringLiteral("8"), QSerialPort::Data8);
 ui->comboBox_dataBits->setCurrentIndex(3);
 //设置奇偶校验位
 ui->comboBox_parity->addItem(tr("None"), QSerialPort::NoParity);
 ui->comboBox_parity->addItem(tr("Even"), QSerialPort::EvenParity);
 ui->comboBox_parity->addItem(tr("Odd"), QSerialPort::OddParity);
 ui->comboBox_parity->addItem(tr("Mark"), QSerialPort::MarkParity);
 ui->comboBox_parity->addItem(tr("Space"), QSerialPort::SpaceParity);
 //设置停止位
 ui->comboBox_stopBit->addItem(QStringLiteral("1"), QSerialPort::OneStop);
 ui->comboBox_stopBit->addItem(QStringLiteral("2"), QSerialPort::TwoStop);
 //添加流控
 ui->comboBox_flowBit->addItem(tr("None"), QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);
 ui->comboBox_flowBit->addItem(tr("RTS/CTS"), QSerialPort::HardwareControl);
 ui->comboBox_flowBit->addItem(tr("XON/XOFF"), QSerialPort::SoftwareControl);
 //禁用发送按钮
 ui->btn_send->setEnabled(false);
}
MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
 //delete serial;
 delete ui;
}
//打开串口按钮槽函数
void MainWindow::on_btn_openConsole_clicked()
{
 qDebug() << ui->btn_openConsole->text();
 if (ui->btn_openConsole->text() == tr("打开串口"))
 {
  //设置串口名字
  serial->setPortName(ui->comboBox_serialPort->currentText());
  //设置波特率
  serial->setBaudRate(ui->comboBox_baudRate->currentText().toInt());
  //设置数据位
  serial->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);
  //设置奇偶校验位
  serial->setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity);
  //设置停止位
  serial->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);
  //设置流控
  serial->setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);
  //打开串口
  if (serial->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite))
  {
   ui->comboBox_baudRate->setEnabled(false);
   ui->comboBox_dataBits->setEnabled(false);
   ui->comboBox_flowBit->setEnabled(false);
   ui->comboBox_parity->setEnabled(false);
   ui->comboBox_serialPort->setEnabled(false);
   ui->comboBox_stopBit->setEnabled(false);
   ui->btn_send->setEnabled(true);
   ui->btn_openConsole->setText(tr("关闭串口"));
   //信号与槽函数关联
   connect(serial, &QSerialPort::readyRead, this, &MainWindow::readData);
  }
 }
 else
 {
  //关闭串口
  //serial->clear();
  serial->close();
  //serial->deleteLater();
  //恢复设置功能
  ui->comboBox_baudRate->setEnabled(true);
  ui->comboBox_dataBits->setEnabled(true);
  ui->comboBox_flowBit->setEnabled(true);
  ui->comboBox_parity->setEnabled(true);
  ui->comboBox_serialPort->setEnabled(true);
  ui->comboBox_stopBit->setEnabled(true);
  ui->btn_openConsole->setText(tr("打开串口"));
  ui->btn_send->setEnabled(false);
 }
}
//发送数据槽函数
void MainWindow::on_btn_send_clicked()
{
 serial->write(ui->textEdit_send->toPlainText().toLatin1());
}
//清空接收数据槽函数
void MainWindow::on_btn_clearRecv_clicked()
{
 ui->textEdit_recv->clear();
}
//清空发送区槽函数
void MainWindow::on_btn_clearSend_clicked()
{
 ui->textEdit_send->clear();
}
void MainWindow::readData()
{
 QByteArray buf;
 qDebug() << "readData: " << endl;
 buf = serial->readAll();
 if (!buf.isEmpty())
 {
  QString str = ui->textEdit_recv->toPlainText();
  str += tr(buf);
  ui->textEdit_recv->clear();
  ui->textEdit_recv->append(str);
 }
}