Objective-C中NSArray的基本用法示例

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我是靠谱客的博主顺利啤酒，最近开发中收集的这篇文章主要介绍Objective-C中NSArray的基本用法示例，觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

概述

NSArray的排序

复制代码代码如下:

+ (id)studentWithFirstName:(NSString *)firstName lastName:(NSString *)lastName{  

    Student *stu = [[Student alloc] init];  

    stu.firstName = firstName;  

    stu.lastName = lastName;  

    return stu;  

}  

+ (id)studentWithFirstName:(NSString *)firstName lastName:(NSString *)lastName bookName:(NSString *)bookName{  

    Student *stu = [Student studentWithFirstName:firstName lastName:lastName];  

    stu.book = [Book bookWithName:bookName];  

    return stu;  

}  

- (NSComparisonResult)compareStudent:(Student *)stu{  

    NSComparisonResult result = [self.firstName compare:stu.firstName];  

    if (result == NSOrderedSame) {  

        result = [self.lastName compare:stu.lastName];  

    }  

    return result;  

}  

- (NSString *)description{  

    //return [NSString stringWithFormat:@" %@ %@ %@",self.firstName,self.lastName,self.book.name];  

    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@" %@ %@ %@",self.firstName,self.lastName,_book.name];  

}  

#pragma mark 3.NSArray排序1  

void arraySort1(){  

    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"2",@"3",@"1",@"4", nil nil];  

    // 指定系统自带规定的比较方法compare:  

    NSArray *array2 = [array sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];  

    NSLog(@"%@",array2);  

}  

#pragma mark 3.NSArray排序2  

void arraySort2(){  

    Student *stu1 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"hu" lastName:@"mingtao"];  

    Student *stu2 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"zhu" lastName:@"wenpeng"];  

    Student *stu3 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"zhao" lastName:@"weisong"];  

    Student *stu4 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"hu" lastName:@"junpeng"];  

    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3,stu4, nil nil];  

    // 类似JAVA中得compareTo,自己定义比较方式,但是一定要实现compare方法  

    NSArray *array2 = [array sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compareStudent:)];  

    NSLog(@"%@",array2);  

}  

#pragma mark 3.NSArray排序3-Block排序  

void arraySort3(){  

    Student *stu1 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"hu" lastName:@"mingtao"];  

    Student *stu2 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"zhu" lastName:@"wenpeng"];  

    Student *stu3 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"zhao" lastName:@"weisong"];  

    Student *stu4 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"hu" lastName:@"junpeng"];  

    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3,stu4, nil nil];  

    NSArray *array2 = [array sortedArrayUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(Student *obj1, Student *obj2) {  

        NSComparisonResult result = [obj1.firstName compare:obj2.firstName];  

        if (result == NSOrderedSame) {  

            result = [obj1.lastName compare:obj2.lastName];  

        }  

        return result;  

    }];  

    NSLog(@"%@",array2);  

}  

#pragma mark 4.NSArray排序4-高级排序  

void arraySort4(){  

    Student *stu1 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"hu" lastName:@"mingtao" bookName:@"lianai"];  

    Student *stu2 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"zhu" lastName:@"wenpeng" bookName:@"tianshi"];  

    Student *stu3 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"zhao" lastName:@"weisong" bookName:@"love"];  

    Student *stu4 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"hu" lastName:@"junpeng" bookName:@"qingren"];  

    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3,stu4, nil nil];  

    // 1.先按照书名进行排序  

    NSSortDescriptor *bookNameDesc = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"book.name" ascending:YES];  

    // 2.先按照姓进行排序  

    NSSortDescriptor *firstNameDesc = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"firstName" ascending:YES];  

    // 3.先按照名进行排序  

    NSSortDescriptor *lastNameDesc = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"lastName" ascending:YES];  

    NSArray *array2 = [array sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:bookNameDesc,firstNameDesc,lastNameDesc, nil nil]];  

    NSLog(@"%@",array2);  

}

NSArray的一些用法
NSArray 只允许装OC对象，并且不能装空值，空代表数组元素的结束

复制代码代码如下:

#pragma mark - NSArray的基本用法
   // 创建一个空数组
      NSArray *array = [NSArray array];
   // 创建有一个元素的数组
      array = [NSArray arrayWithObject:@"123"];
    // 创建有多个元素的数组
      array = [NSArray arrayWIthObjects:@"a",@"b",nil ];//不能装nil空指针，空值代表数组元素结束
    // 将一个数组赋值给一个数组
    + (instancetype)arrayWithArray:(NSArray *)array;
    // 获取元素的个数
       int count = [array count]; //和 count = array.count; 相同，都是调用get方法
    // 是否包含一个元素
      - (bool)containsObject:(id)anObject;
    // 返回最后一个元素
       - (id) lastObject;
     // 获取index位置的元素
        - (id)objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger) index;
     // 获取元素的位置
        - (NSUInteger) indexOfObject:(id)anObject;
     // 在range范围内查找元素的位置
        - (NSUInteger) indexofObject:(id)anObject inRange:(NSRange)range;
     // 比较两个集合内容是否相同
        - (Bool) isEqualToArray:(NSArray *)otherArray;
     // 返回两个集合中第一个相同的对象元素
        - (id) firstObjectCommonWithArray:(NSArray *)otherArray;

#pragma mark - NSArray的高级用法
        //让集合里面的所有元素都执行aSelector这个方法
           - (void)makeObjectsPerformSelector:(SEL)aSelector;
        //让集合里面的所有元素都执行aSelector这个方法,给这个方法添加参数，但是只支持一个参数
           - (void)makeObjectsPerformSelector:(SEL)aSelector withObject:(id)argument
        //添加一个元素，返回一个新的NSArray（方法调用者本身没有发生变化）
           - (NSArray *)arrayByAddingObject:(id)anObject
       //添加otherArray的所有元素，返回一个新的NSArray（方法着本身没有改变）
           - (NSArray *) arrayByAddingObjectsFromArray:(NSArray *) otherArray;
       //截取range范围的数组
           - (NSArray *) subarrayWithRange:(NSRenge)range;
      //用separator做拼接符，拼接成一个字符串
           - (NSString *) componentsJoinedByString:(NSString *)separator
      //将NSArray持久化到文件中去
           - (Bool) writeToFile:(NSString *)path atomically:(Bool)useAuxiliaryFile

#pragma mark - NSArray的遍历
     // 方法一：普通遍历(利用for循环)
       void arrayFor1(){
        NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1",@"2",@"3",nil];
        int count = array.count;
        for(int i=0; i<count; i++){
              id obj = [array objectAtIndex:i];
             NSLog(@"%i-%@",i, obj);
        }
       }

     // 方法二：快速遍历
       void arrayFor2(){
           NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1",@"2",@"3",nil];
           int count = array.count;
           int i=0;
           for(id obj in array){
                NSLog(@"%i-%@",i, obj);
                i++;
           }
         }

     // 方法三：利用block遍历
          void arrayFor3(){
               NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1",@"2",@"3",nil];
               [array enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
                       NSLog(@"%zi->%@",idx, obj);
                        // *stop = YES; //改变外边的Bool，终止遍历
                  }];
             }

    // 方法四：利用迭代器
先介绍一下-->NSEnumerator迭代器：集合的迭代器，可以用于遍历集合元素,NSArray 有相应的方法来获取迭代器
                  //获取一个正序遍历的迭代器
                     - (NSEnumerator *) objectEnumerator;
                 //获取一个反序遍历的迭代器
                     - (NSEnumerator *) reverseObjectEnumerator;
                @常用方法：
                 //获取下一个元素
                    - (id) nextObject;
                 //获取所有的元素
                    - (NSArray *) allObjects
          void arrayFor4(){
                   NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1",@"2",@"3",nil];
                   NSEnumerator *enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];// 返回数组的迭代器
                   //如果放到遍历之后，则取到空，原因是，遍历完了，就没值了
                   NSArray *array2 = [enumerator allObjects];
                   NSLog(@"array2=%@", array2);

                 //获取下一个需要遍历的元素
                   id obj = nil;
                   while (obj = [enumerator nextObject]) {
                         NSLog(@"obj=%@", obj);
                   }
                  }

使用block 块遍历整个数组。这个block 需要三个参数，id obj 表示数组中的元素。
NSUInteger idx 标示元素的下标，
boolbool *stop 是一个bool类型的参数。官方描述如下：
A reference to a Boolean value. The block can set the value to YES to stop further processing of the array.
The stop argument is an out-only argument. You should only ever set this Boolean to YES within the Block.
- (void)enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:(void (^)(id obj, NSUInteger idx,BOOLBOOL *stop))block
调用例子如：

复制代码代码如下:

  
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"wendy",@"andy",@"tom",@"test", nil nil];  

   [array enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id str,NSUInteger index, BOOL* te){  

       NSLog(@"%@,%d",str,index);  

   }];

同上面的方法一项，区别在于，这里多添加了一个参数，用来标示是从前向后遍历，还是从后往前遍历。
- (void)enumerateObjectsWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts usingBlock:(void (^)(id obj, NSUInteger idx,BOOLBOOL *stop))block
调用例子如下：

复制代码代码如下:

NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"wendy",@"andy",@"tom",@"test", nil nil];  

    [array enumerateObjectsWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse usingBlock:^(id str,NSUInteger index, BOOL* te){  

        NSLog(@"%@,%d",str,index);  

    }];