什么是TOML？PHP中怎么配置使用TOML

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我是靠谱客的博主虚拟丝袜，这篇文章主要介绍什么是TOML？PHP中怎么配置使用TOML，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

本篇文章带大家聊聊PHP中的TOML配置，介绍一下在 PHP 中如何使用 TOML 配置文件格式语言，希望对大家有所帮助！

TOML 是一个配置格式化语言，特色是简洁易读。全称为 "Tom's Obvious, Minimal Language" 其中的 Tom 为创建者 —— Tom Preston-Werner (译者注：Github CEO)。

来自其 Github Reopo，TOML 的目的如下：

TOML 和 PHP 在一起

各种语言的 TOML 解析器可以在其项目 WIKI 中找到。

我们将利用 yosymfony/toml: 一个 PHP 的 TOML 解析器来尝试下 TOML 语言，在你的 PHP 7.1+ 项目里使用 Composer:

复制代码composer require yosymfony/toml1
composer require yosymfony/toml
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TOML 的项目 Readme 里有一个示例配置信息，我们可以试着用起来：

复制代码## This is a TOML document.

title = "TOML Example"

[owner]
name = "Tom Preston-Werner"
dob = 1979-05-27T07:32:00-08:00 # First class dates

[database]
server = "192.168.1.1"
ports = [ 8001, 8001, 8002 ]
connection_max = 5000
enabled = true

[servers]

  # Indentation (tabs and/or spaces) is allowed but not required
  [servers.alpha]
  ip = "10.0.0.1"
  dc = "eqdc10"

  [servers.beta]
  ip = "10.0.0.2"
  dc = "eqdc10"

[clients]
data = [ ["gamma", "delta"], [1, 2] ]

# Line breaks are OK when inside arrays
hosts = [
  "alpha",
  "omega"
]1
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## This is a TOML document.

title = "TOML Example"

[owner]
name = "Tom Preston-Werner"
dob = 1979-05-27T07:32:00-08:00 # First class dates

[database]
server = "192.168.1.1"
ports = [ 8001, 8001, 8002 ]
connection_max = 5000
enabled = true

[servers]

  # Indentation (tabs and/or spaces) is allowed but not required
  [servers.alpha]
  ip = "10.0.0.1"
  dc = "eqdc10"

  [servers.beta]
  ip = "10.0.0.2"
  dc = "eqdc10"

[clients]
data = [ ["gamma", "delta"], [1, 2] ]

# Line breaks are OK when inside arrays
hosts = [
  "alpha",
  "omega"
]
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下面是 PHP 的解析和输出：

复制代码<?php

use YosymfonyTomlToml;

require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

$data = Toml::ParseFile(__DIR__.'/example.toml');

var_dump($data);

// output
php index.php
string(10) "1979-05-27"
toml-demo|⇒ php index.php
array(5) {
  ["title"]=>
  string(12) "TOML Example"
  ["owner"]=>
  array(2) {
    ["name"]=>
    string(18) "Tom Preston-Werner"
    ["dob"]=>
    object(DateTime)#243 (3) {
      ["date"]=>
      string(26) "1979-05-27 07:32:00.000000"
      ["timezone_type"]=>
      int(1)
      ["timezone"]=>
      string(6) "-08:00"
    }
  }
  ["database"]=>
  array(4) {
    ["server"]=>
    string(11) "192.168.1.1"
    ["ports"]=>
    array(3) {
      [0]=>
      int(8001)
      [1]=>
      int(8001)
      [2]=>
      int(8002)
    }
    ["connection_max"]=>
    int(5000)
    ["enabled"]=>
    bool(true)
  }
  ["servers"]=>
  array(2) {
    ["alpha"]=>
    array(2) {
      ["ip"]=>
      string(8) "10.0.0.1"
      ["dc"]=>
      string(6) "eqdc10"
    }
    ["beta"]=>
    array(2) {
      ["ip"]=>
      string(8) "10.0.0.2"
      ["dc"]=>
      string(6) "eqdc10"
    }
  }
  ["clients"]=>
  array(2) {
    ["data"]=>
    array(2) {
      [0]=>
      array(2) {
        [0]=>
        string(5) "gamma"
        [1]=>
        string(5) "delta"
      }
      [1]=>
      array(2) {
        [0]=>
        int(1)
        [1]=>
        int(2)
      }
    }
    ["hosts"]=>
    array(2) {
      [0]=>
      string(5) "alpha"
      [1]=>
      string(5) "omega"
    }
  }
}1
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<?php

use YosymfonyTomlToml;

require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

$data = Toml::ParseFile(__DIR__.'/example.toml');

var_dump($data);

// output
php index.php
string(10) "1979-05-27"
toml-demo|⇒ php index.php
array(5) {
  ["title"]=>
  string(12) "TOML Example"
  ["owner"]=>
  array(2) {
    ["name"]=>
    string(18) "Tom Preston-Werner"
    ["dob"]=>
    object(DateTime)#243 (3) {
      ["date"]=>
      string(26) "1979-05-27 07:32:00.000000"
      ["timezone_type"]=>
      int(1)
      ["timezone"]=>
      string(6) "-08:00"
    }
  }
  ["database"]=>
  array(4) {
    ["server"]=>
    string(11) "192.168.1.1"
    ["ports"]=>
    array(3) {
      [0]=>
      int(8001)
      [1]=>
      int(8001)
      [2]=>
      int(8002)
    }
    ["connection_max"]=>
    int(5000)
    ["enabled"]=>
    bool(true)
  }
  ["servers"]=>
  array(2) {
    ["alpha"]=>
    array(2) {
      ["ip"]=>
      string(8) "10.0.0.1"
      ["dc"]=>
      string(6) "eqdc10"
    }
    ["beta"]=>
    array(2) {
      ["ip"]=>
      string(8) "10.0.0.2"
      ["dc"]=>
      string(6) "eqdc10"
    }
  }
  ["clients"]=>
  array(2) {
    ["data"]=>
    array(2) {
      [0]=>
      array(2) {
        [0]=>
        string(5) "gamma"
        [1]=>
        string(5) "delta"
      }
      [1]=>
      array(2) {
        [0]=>
        int(1)
        [1]=>
        int(2)
      }
    }
    ["hosts"]=>
    array(2) {
      [0]=>
      string(5) "alpha"
      [1]=>
      string(5) "omega"
    }
  }
}
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配置信息示例

接下来我们试着将 Laravel 的配置信息 config/database.php 解析为 TOML ，做个对比。

需要注意的是，这只是一个示范，Laravel 的配置系统要比 TOML 高级很多，这里这样做的目的只是想在我们熟悉的配置信息里去理解 TOML：

复制代码[database]
    default = "mysql"
    migrations = "migrations"

    [database.connections.sqlite]
        driver = "sqlite"
        database = "path/to/database.sqlite"
        prefix = ""

    [database.connections.mysql]
        driver = "mysql"
        host = "127.0.0.1"
        port = "3306"
        database = "forge"
        username = "forge"
        password = ""
        unix_socket = ""
        charset = "utf8mb4"
        collation = "utf8mb4_unicode_ci"
        prefix = ""
        strict = true

    [database.redis]
        client = "predis"

        [database.redis.default]
            host = "127.0.0.1"
            password = ""
            port = 6379
            database = 01
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[database]
    default = "mysql"
    migrations = "migrations"

    [database.connections.sqlite]
        driver = "sqlite"
        database = "path/to/database.sqlite"
        prefix = ""

    [database.connections.mysql]
        driver = "mysql"
        host = "127.0.0.1"
        port = "3306"
        database = "forge"
        username = "forge"
        password = ""
        unix_socket = ""
        charset = "utf8mb4"
        collation = "utf8mb4_unicode_ci"
        prefix = ""
        strict = true

    [database.redis]
        client = "predis"

        [database.redis.default]
            host = "127.0.0.1"
            password = ""
            port = 6379
            database = 0
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目前来讲，TOML 并不允许 nil 和 null 值，这在一些使用 null 作为默认值的场景下会变得很不方便。

缩进是允许的，但是不强求，上面的文件使用以下写法也不会有问题：

复制代码[database]
default = "mysql"
migrations = "migrations"

[database.connections.sqlite]
driver = "sqlite"
database = "path/to/database.sqlite"
prefix = ""

# ...1
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[database]
default = "mysql"
migrations = "migrations"

[database.connections.sqlite]
driver = "sqlite"
database = "path/to/database.sqlite"
prefix = ""

# ...
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构建一个 TOML 配置文件

扩展包 yosymfony/toml 除了提供解析 TOML 文件和字串外，还提供了一个 TomlBuilder 类，用来实时构建 TOML 配置信息，接下来我们还是使用 Laravel 的 config/services.php 来作为例子讲解：

复制代码<?php

use YosymfonyTomlTomlBuilder;

require __DIR__.'/vendor/autoload.php';

$builder = new TomlBuilder();

$services = $builder
    ->addComment('Third Party Services')
    ->addComment('Mailgun')
    ->addTable('services.mailgun')
        ->addValue('domain', 'mg.example.com')
        ->addValue('secret', 'mailgun-secret')
    ->addComment('Stripe')
    ->addTable('services.stripe')
        ->addValue('model', 'AppUser')
        ->addValue('key', 'stripe-key')
        ->addValue('secret', 'stripe-secret')
;

file_put_contents(__DIR__.'/services.toml', $services->getTomlString());1
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<?php

use YosymfonyTomlTomlBuilder;

require __DIR__.'/vendor/autoload.php';

$builder = new TomlBuilder();

$services = $builder
    ->addComment('Third Party Services')
    ->addComment('Mailgun')
    ->addTable('services.mailgun')
        ->addValue('domain', 'mg.example.com')
        ->addValue('secret', 'mailgun-secret')
    ->addComment('Stripe')
    ->addTable('services.stripe')
        ->addValue('model', 'AppUser')
        ->addValue('key', 'stripe-key')
        ->addValue('secret', 'stripe-secret')
;

file_put_contents(__DIR__.'/services.toml', $services->getTomlString());
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生成的内容如下：

复制代码#Third Party Services
#Mailgun

[services.mailgun]
domain = "mg.example.com"
secret = "mailgun-secret"
#Stripe

[services.stripe]
model = "App\User"
key = "stripe-key"
secret = "stripe-secret"1
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#Third Party Services
#Mailgun

[services.mailgun]
domain = "mg.example.com"
secret = "mailgun-secret"
#Stripe

[services.stripe]
model = "App\User"
key = "stripe-key"
secret = "stripe-secret"
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日期

TOML 支持 RFC 3339 制定的日期格式：

复制代码# Offset Date-Time
odt1 = 1979-05-27T07:32:00Z
odt2 = 1979-05-27T00:32:00-07:00
odt3 = 1979-05-27T00:32:00.999999-07:00
# space permitted per the RFC 3339 spec
odt4 = 1979-05-27 07:32:00Z

# Local Date-Time
ldt1 = 1979-05-27T07:32:00

# Local Date
ld1 = 1979-05-27

# Local Time
lt1 = 07:32:00
lt2 = 00:32:00.9999991
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# Offset Date-Time
odt1 = 1979-05-27T07:32:00Z
odt2 = 1979-05-27T00:32:00-07:00
odt3 = 1979-05-27T00:32:00.999999-07:00
# space permitted per the RFC 3339 spec
odt4 = 1979-05-27 07:32:00Z

# Local Date-Time
ldt1 = 1979-05-27T07:32:00

# Local Date
ld1 = 1979-05-27

# Local Time
lt1 = 07:32:00
lt2 = 00:32:00.999999
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在此篇文章编写时，上面大部分的格式都出现了错误，除了下面这一行：

复制代码dob = 1979-05-27T07:32:00-08:001
dob = 1979-05-27T07:32:00-08:00
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PHP 解析器会将解析成功输出为 DateTime 实例：

复制代码array(1) {
  ["dob"]=>
  object(DateTime)#128 (3) {
    ["date"]=>
    string(26) "1979-05-27 07:32:00.000000"
    ["timezone_type"]=>
    int(1)
    ["timezone"]=>
    string(6) "-08:00"
  }
}1
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array(1) {
  ["dob"]=>
  object(DateTime)#128 (3) {
    ["date"]=>
    string(26) "1979-05-27 07:32:00.000000"
    ["timezone_type"]=>
    int(1)
    ["timezone"]=>
    string(6) "-08:00"
  }
}
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