Linux系统上Nginx+Python的web.py与Django框架环境

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我是靠谱客的博主要减肥长颈鹿，最近开发中收集的这篇文章主要介绍Linux系统上Nginx+Python的web.py与Django框架环境，觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

概述

1.编译nginx
在网上买了一本《实战nginx-取代Apache的高性能服务器》，写的比较浅，主要是些配置方面的东西，不过却正是目前我所需要的。由于需要支持https和rewrite，所以除了nginx的源码之外，又下载了 openssl-0.9.8r.tar.gz 和 pcre-8.12.tar.gz，把他们和nginx-1.0.4.tar.gz放到同一个目录。
为了方便编译，笔者写了一个脚本，代码如下:

#!/bin/bash
 
#=============================================================================
#脚本所在绝对目录
abs_path(){
 local path=$1
 local basename=$( basename $path )
 local dirname=$( dirname $path )
 cd $dirname
 if [ -h $basename ]; then
  path=$( readlink $basename )
  abs_path $path
 else
  pwd
 fi
}
 
#=============================================================================
#依赖的目录
src_base_dir=$( abs_path $0 )
src_openssl_dir=$src_base_dir'/openssl-0.9.8r'
src_pcre_dir=$src_base_dir'/pcre-8.12'
src_nginx_dir=$src_base_dir'/nginx-1.0.4'
 
#=============================================================================
#目标的目录
dest_base_dir=$src_base_dir'/release'
dest_nginx_dir=$dest_base_dir'/nginx'
 
#=============================================================================
#把所有的tar.gz解压
find . -name "*.tar.gz" | xargs -IX tar zxvf X
 
#=============================================================================
#编译nginx
cd $src_nginx_dir
chmod u+x ./configure
./configure --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl=$src_openssl_dir --with-pcre=$src_pcre_dir --prefix=$dest_nginx_dir
make && make install

2.配置nginx
在server配置项下增加

location / {
 #这两种方法都可以，只不过spawn-cgi启动的方法不同
 #fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9002;
 fastcgi_pass unix:webpy.sock;
 
 fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
 fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
 fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
 fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
 fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
 fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version;
 fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
 fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
 fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
 fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
 fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
 fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $fastcgi_script_name;
 fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name;
}

这里的3个location配置分别解决了，与python进程通信、django后台管理端样式存放、网站样式存放的问题。对照着apache的配置来看，就很容易明白了

WSGIPythonEggs /tmp
<VirtualHost *>
 ServerName fuload.qq.com
 WSGIScriptAlias / /home/dantezhu/htdocs/fuload/conf/setting.wsgi
 <Directory />
  Options FollowSymLinks
  AllowOverride
  Order allow,deny 
  Allow from all 
 </Directory>
 <Directory "/home/dantezhu/htdocs/fuload/mysite">
  Order Deny,Allow 
  Deny from all 
 </Directory>
 Alias /admin_media "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/media"
 <Directory "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/media">
  Order allow,deny 
  Options Indexes
  Allow from all 
  IndexOptions FancyIndexing
 </Directory>
 
 #AliasMatch /site_media/(.*\.(css|gif|png|jpg|jpeg)) /home/dantezhu/htdocs/fuload/media/$1 
 Alias /site_media /home/dantezhu/htdocs/fuload/media/
 <Directory "/home/dantezhu/htdocs/fuload/media/">
  Order allow,deny 
  Options Indexes
  Allow from all 
  IndexOptions FancyIndexing
 </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

3.安装fastcgi依赖
需要到 http://trac.saddi.com/flup下载安装，之后fastcgi才能够正常启动。

4.启动django
创建django project的过程我们就不说了，只列出启动/停止的命令:
启动:

#python manage.py runfcgi daemonize=true pidfile=`pwd`/django.pid host=127.0.0.1 port=9001 maxrequests=1 &
python manage.py runfcgi daemonize=true pidfile=`pwd`/django.pid socket=/home/dantezhu/nginx/sbin/django.sock maxrequests=1 &

停止:

kill -9 `cat django.pid`

启动nginx
启动:

./nginx -p /home/dantezhu/nginx/

停止:

kill -QUIT `cat ../logs/nginx.pid`

重新载入配置:

./nginx -t -c `pwd`/../conf/nginx.conf
kill -HUP `cat ../logs/nginx.pid`

成功显示了django的后台界面:
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP1

5.部署web.py版
安装依赖
spawn-cgi
flup
配置nginx
在server配置项下增加

location / {
 #这两种方法都可以，只不过spawn-cgi启动的方法不同
 #fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9002;
 fastcgi_pass unix:webpy.sock;
 
 fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
 fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
 fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
 fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
 fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
 fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version;
 fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
 fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
 fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
 fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
 fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
 fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $fastcgi_script_name;
 fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name;
}

一个简单的index.py

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
import web 
 
urls = ("/.*", "hello")
app = web.application(urls, globals())
 
class hello:
 def GET(self):
  return 'Hello, world!'
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
 web.wsgi.runwsgi = lambda func, addr=None: web.wsgi.runfcgi(func, addr)
 app.run()

并执行:

chmod +x index.py

.启动web.py
启动:

#spawn-fcgi -P `pwd`/webpy.pid -f /home/dantezhu/htdocs/ngx_web/index.py -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9002 &
spawn-fcgi -P `pwd`/webpy.pid -f /home/dantezhu/htdocs/ngx_web/index.py -s /home/dantezhu/nginx/sbin/webpy.sock &

停止:

kill -9 `cat webpy.pid`

启动nginx
加入到rc.local中，自动启动

/home/dantezhu/nginx/sbin/start.sh
sudo -u dantezhu /home/dantezhu/htdocs/ngx_django/mysite/start.sh
sudo -u dantezhu /home/dantezhu/htdocs/ngx_web/start.sh