Ruby的25个编程细节（技巧、实用代码段）

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我是靠谱客的博主友好芒果，最近开发中收集的这篇文章主要介绍Ruby的25个编程细节（技巧、实用代码段），觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

概述

1.try 永远不会抛出异常在没有的时候返回 nil

复制代码代码如下:

province_id = Province.find_by_name(prov).try(:id)

2.find(:first, :condotions) 方法不言而与

复制代码代码如下:

mobile_info = MobileInfo.find(:first, :conditions => ["mobile_num = ? ", mobile_num.to_i])  

3.find(:all, :select, :conditions)

复制代码代码如下:

support_amount_a = ProvinceMerchantChangeValue.find(:all, :select => "DISTINCT change_value_id",  

                        :conditions => ["status = 1 and merchant_id = ? and province_id =? and channel_id in (select id from channels where status = 1)",  

                        merchant_id, province_id]).map { |cv| cv.change_value_id }.compact  

support_amount_s = ChangeValue.find(:all,:select => "price" ,:conditions => ["id in (?)", support_amount_a]) \  

                                  .map { |cv| cv.try(:price).to_i }.compact

4.发送post请求可以在shell中执行

复制代码代码如下:

curl -d "channel=中信异度支付&action_type=娱人节-手机充值&user_indicate=13911731997&original_amount=10000" http://xx.xxx.xxx:3000/search.json  

5.Ruby 中纯数据结构 ( Struct 与 OpenStruct )

讲一下它俩之间的区别:

Struct 需要开头明确声明字段; 而 OpenStruct 人如其名, 随时可以添加属性
Struct 性能优秀; 而 OpenStruct 差点, 具体的性能差距可看这里:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1177594/ruby-struct-vs-openstruct
Struct 是 Ruby 解释器内置, 用 C 实现; OpenStruct 是 Ruby 标准库, Ruby 实现
API 不同: Struct API 与 OpenStruct

6. MIme::Type.register

复制代码代码如下:

Mime::Type.register "application/json", :ejson  

config/initializers/mime_types.rb

7.config/initializers/secure_problem_solved.rb

复制代码代码如下:

ActiveSupport::CoreExtensions::Hash::Conversions::XML_PARSING.delete('symbol')  

ActiveSupport::CoreExtensions::Hash::Conversions::XML_PARSING.delete('yaml')  

8.config/initializers/new_rails_default.rb

复制代码代码如下:

if defined?(ActiveRecord)
# Include Active Record class name as root for JSON serialized output.
ActiveRecord::Base.include_root_in_json = true

# Store the full class name (including module namespace) in STI type column.
ActiveRecord::Base.store_full_sti_class = true
end

ActionController::Routing.generate_best_match = false

# Use ISO 8601 format for JSON serialized times and dates.
ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format = true

# Don't escape HTML entities in JSON, leave that for the #json_escape helper.
# if you're including raw json in an HTML page.
ActiveSupport.escape_html_entities_in_json = false

9.MemCacheStore 缓存

复制代码代码如下:

@_cache = ActiveSupport::Cache::MemCacheStore.new(
CONFIG['host'], { :namespace => "#{CONFIG['namespace']}::#{@name}" }
)

localhost::callback_lock

@_cache.write(pay_channel.channel_id,'true')
v = @_cache.read(pay_channel.channel_id)
if v.nil? || v != 'true'
      return false
    else
      return true
    end
end

10.联合索引

复制代码代码如下:

gem 'composite_primary_keys', '6.0.1'

https://github.com/momoplan

0.Hash assert_valid_keys 白名单

11.puma -C puma_service_qa.rb

12.pow

13. Time

复制代码代码如下:

start_time = start_time.to_s.to_datetime.at_beginning_of_day

end_time = end_time.to_s.to_datetime.end_of_day

14.merchant.instance_of? MplusMerchant

复制代码代码如下:

m_order[:merchant_id] = (merchant.instance_of? MplusMerchant) ? merchant.id : merchant  

15.will_paginate rails

安装之后需要修改config/environment.rb文件
在文件的最后添加：

复制代码代码如下:

require 'will_paginate'
修改controller文件中的index方法：
#    @products = Product.find(:all)
    @products = Product.paginate :page => params[:page],
                                  :per_page => 2
.pagination
    = will_paginate @mplus_orders, :class => 'digg_pagination'

最好有个include

16. # Excel Generator

复制代码代码如下:

gem 'spreadsheet', '~> 0.7.3'
PROVINCE = %w{ 安徽北京福建甘肃广东广西贵州海南河北河南黑龙江湖北
湖南吉林江苏江西辽宁内蒙古宁夏青海山东山西陕西上海
四川天津西藏新疆云南浙江重庆 }

MONTH = 1.upto(12).to_a

def self.total_to_xls(year = '2012', opts = {})
    book = Spreadsheet::Workbook.new
    sheet1 = book.create_worksheet
    months = MONTH
    months = opts[:month].to_s.split(/,/) if opts[:month]

fixed_row = months.collect{ |m| m.to_s + '月' }.insert(0, '')

    sheet1.row(0).concat(fixed_row)
    row1 = ['']
    (months.size - 1).times { row1 << ['用户数', '金额', '订单数'] }

sheet1.row(1).concat(row1.flatten!)
row = 2

sheet1.row(row).insert(0, '全国')

    months.each_with_index do |m, i|
      sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 1, self.monthly_users_count(m))
      sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 2, self.monthly_amount(m))
      sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 3, self.monthly_orders_count(m))
    end

    PROVINCE.each do |province|
      row += 1
      sheet1.row(row).insert(0, province)
      months.each_with_index do |m, i|
        sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 1, self.monthly_users_count_by_province(m, province))
        sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 2, self.monthly_amount_by_province(m, province))
        sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 3, self.monthly_orders_count_by_province(m, province))
      end
    end

    path = "tmp/phone_recharge.xls"
    book.write path
    path
end

17. inject({})

复制代码代码如下:

selected_conditions = base_conditions.inject({}) do |hash, data|

      hash[data.first] = data.last unless data.last.blank?

      hash

    end

18.time_str.instance_of?

复制代码代码如下:

return time_str if time_str.instance_of? Time

19.Person.instance_eval

复制代码代码如下:

Person.instance_eval do

    def species

      "Homo Sapien"

    end

  end

20.class_eval

复制代码代码如下:

class Foo
end
metaclass = (class << Foo; self; end)
metaclass.class_eval do
      def species
        "Homo Sapien"
      end
    end
end

21.Ruby中 respond_to? 和 send 的用法
http://galeki.is-programmer.com/posts/183.html
因为obj对象没法响应talk这个消息，如果使用 respond_to? 这个方法，就可以实现判断对象能否响应给定的消息了

复制代码代码如下:

obj = Object.new

if obj.respond_to?("talk")

   obj.talk

else

   puts "Sorry, object can't talk!"

end

request = gets.chomp

if book.respond_to?(request)

  puts book.send(request)

else

  puts "Input error"

end

22.method_missing，一个 Ruby 程序员的梦中情人

复制代码代码如下:

    def method_missing(method, *args)
      if method.to_s =~ /(.*)_with_cent$/
        attr_name = $1
        if self.respond_to?(attr_name)
          '%.2f' % (self.send(attr_name).to_f / 100.00)
        else
          super
        end
      end
    end

23.chomp

chomp方法是移除字符串尾部的分离符,例如\n,\r等...而gets默认的分离符是\n

24. hash.each_pair{|k,v|} & send()

复制代码代码如下:

if bank_order.present?
          data_hash.each_pair { |k, v| bank_order.send("#{k}=", v) }
        else
          bank_order = BankOrder.new data_hash
        end

25.config.middleware 通过 rake -T 可以查看，在config/ - 去除不必的 middleware

26.1.day.ago.strftime('%Y%m%d')