我是靠谱客的博主 贪玩泥猴桃,最近开发中收集的这篇文章主要介绍java学习笔记(8) 第8章(下)- 面向对象编程(中级部分) - 练习题题目1题目2题目3题目4题目5题目6题目7题目8题目9题目10题目11题目12题目13题目14题目15题目16,觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家,希望可以做个参考。

概述

目录:

  • 题目1
  • 题目2
  • 题目3
  • 题目4
  • 题目5
  • 题目6
  • 题目7
  • 题目8
  • 题目9
  • 题目10
  • 题目11
  • 题目12
  • 题目13
  • 题目14
  • 题目15
  • 题目16

题目1

1.定义一个Person类 {name, age, job} ,初始化Person对象数组,有3个person对象,并安照 age从大到小进行排序,提示,使用冒泡排序。Homework01.java

public class Homework01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //初始化Person 对象数组,有3个person对象
        Person[] persons = new Person[3];
        persons[0] = new Person("mary",30, "PHP工程师");
        persons[1] = new Person("tom",50, "大数据工程师");
        persons[2] = new Person("smith",10, "JavaEE工程师");

        //输出当前对象数组
        for (int i = 0; i < persons.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(persons[i]);//不重写就是默认对象的.toString() ,后边要重写toString
        }

        //使用冒泡排序
        Person tmp = null;//临时变量,用于交换
        for(int i = 0; i < persons.length -1 ;i++) {//外层循环
            for(int j = 0; j < persons.length -1 - i; j++) {//内层循环
                //并按照 age 从 大到 小进行排序, 如果前面的人的age < 后面人的年龄,就交换
       // 要求按照名字的长度从小到大 if(persons[i].getName().length() > persons[i+1].getName().length())    
                if(persons[j].getAge() > persons[j+1].getAge()) {
                    tmp = persons[j];
                    persons[j] = persons[j+1];
                    persons[j+1]= tmp;
                }
            }
        }

        System.out.println("排序后的效果");
        for (int i = 0; i < persons.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(persons[i]);//默认对象的.toString()
        }

    }
    /*定义一个Person类 {name, age, job}, 初始化Person 对象数组,有3个person对象,
    并按照 age 从 大到 小进行排序, 提示,使用冒泡排序 */
}
class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String job;

    public Person(String name, int age, String job) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.job = job;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getJob() {
        return job;
    }

    public void setJob(String job) {
        this.job = job;
    }

    @Override  //重写toString
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + ''' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", job='" + job + ''' +
                '}';
    }
}

题目2

  1. 写出四种访问修饰符和各自的访问权限

在这里插入图片描述

题目3

  1. 编写老师类 HomeworkO3.java
    (1)要求有属性 “姓名name”,“年龄age”,“职称post”,“基本工资“salary”
    (2)编写业务方法,introduce (),实现输出一个教师的信息。
    (3)编写教师类的三个子类:教授类(Professor)、副教授类、讲师类。工资级别分别为:教受为1.3、副教授为1.2、讲师类1.1。在三个子类里面都重写父类的introduce()方法。
    (4)定义并初始化一个老师对象,调用业务方法,实现对象基本信息的后台打印。

方法1:把grade等级写在父类Teacher里

主类代码:

public class Homework03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Professor professor = new Professor("贾宝玉", 30, "高级职称", 30000, 1.3);
        professor.introduce();
    }
}
/*
(1) 要求有属性“姓名name”,“年龄age”,“职称post”,“基本工资salary”
(2) 编写业务方法, introduce(),实现输出一个教师的信息。
 */
class Teacher {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String post;
    private double salary;
    //这里我们在增加一个工资级别,因为三个子类都有
    private double grade;

    public Teacher(String name, int age, String post, double salary, double grade) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.post = post;
        this.salary = salary;
        this.grade = grade;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getPost() {
        return post;
    }

    public void setPost(String post) {
        this.post = post;
    }

    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void setSalary(double salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    public double getGrade() {
        return grade;
    }

    public void setGrade(double grade) {
        this.grade = grade;
    }
    public void introduce() {
        System.out.println("name: " + name + " age: " + age
                + " post: " + post + " salary:" + salary + " grade:" + grade);
    }
}

子类Professor代码:

//子类
public class Professor extends Teacher {

    //特有属性可以自己增加,这里没有就不写了...
    public Professor(String name, int age, String post, double salary, double grade) {
        super(name, age, post, salary, grade);
    }
    
   @Override
    public void introduce() {
        System.out.println(" 这是教授的信息 ");
        super.introduce();
    }
}

方法2:把grade等级写在每一个子类里

主类代码:

public class Homework03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Teacher professor = new Professor("java", 223, "教授", 2300,"s");
        System.out.println(professor.introduce());
    }
}

class Teacher{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String post;
    private double salary;
    //这里我们在增加一个工资级别,因为三个子类都有
    //private double grade;

    public Teacher(String name, int age, String post, double salary) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.post = post;
        this.salary = salary;
       // this.grade =grade;
    }

    public String introduce(){
        return "教师信息为:"+ "姓名"+name+"年龄"+age+"职称"+post+"薪水"+salary;
    }
//    public void introduce() {
//        System.out.println("name: " + name + " age: " + age
//                + " post: " + post + " salary:" + salary + " grade:" + grade);
//    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getPost() {
        return post;
    }

    public void setPost(String post) {
        this.post = post;
    }

    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void setSalary(double salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Teacher{" +
                "name='" + name + ''' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", post='" + post + ''' +
                ", salary=" + salary +
                '}';
    }
}

子类Professor代码:

public class Professor extends  Teacher{
  
    private String grade;

    public Professor(String name, int age, String post, double salary, String grade) {
        super(name, age, post, salary);
        this.grade = grade;
    }

    @Override
    public String introduce() {
        System.out.println("教授信息为");
        return super.introduce()+"级别为"+grade;
    }

    public String getGrade() {
        return grade;
    }
    public void setGrade(String grade) {
        this.grade = grade;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Professor{" +
                "grade='" + grade + ''' +
                '}';
    }
}

题目4

  1. 通过继承实现员工工资核算打印功能 Homework04.java
    父类:员工类(Employee)
    子类:部门经理类(Manager)、普通员工类(Worker)
    (1)部门经理工资=1000+单日工资* 天数* 等级(1.2)。=>奖金+基本工资
    (2)普通员工工资=单日工资 * 天数 * 等级(1.0); =>基本工资
    (3)员工属性:姓名,单日工资,工作天数
    (4)员工方法(打印工资)
    (5)普遍员工及部门经理都是员工子类,需要重写打印工资方法。
    (6)定义并初始化普通员工对象,调用打印工资方法输出工资,定义并初始化部门经理对象,调用打印工资方法输出工资

方法1:创建Manager对象时,奖金是多少并不是确定的,因为在构造器中,不给bonus,可以在主类通过setBonus动态设置奖金。(我认为这一步无所谓,用方法二也一样。)

主类和父类代码:

public class Homework04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Manager manage = new Manager("刘备", 100, 20, 1.2);
        //设置奖金
        manage.setBonus(3000);
        //打印经理的工资情况
        manage.printSal();

        Worker worker = new Worker("关羽",50, 10, 1.0);
        worker.printSal();
    }
}

//父类员工Employee
class Employee {
    //属性
    //员工属性:姓名,单日工资,工作天数
    private String name;
    private double daySal;
    private int workDays;
    //分析出还有一个属性等级
    private double grade;

    //方法[构造器,getter 和 setter]
    //打印工资方法
    //方法 void printSal() {}
    public void printSal() {
        System.out.println(name + " 工资=" + daySal * workDays * grade);
    }

    public Employee(String name, double daySal, int workDays, double grade) {
        this.name = name;
        this.daySal = daySal;
        this.workDays = workDays;
        this.grade = grade;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public double getDaySal() {
        return daySal;
    }

    public void setDaySal(double daySal) {
        this.daySal = daySal;
    }

    public int getWorkDays() {
        return workDays;
    }

    public void setWorkDays(int workDays) {
        this.workDays = workDays;
    }

    public double getGrade() {
        return grade;
    }

    public void setGrade(double grade) {
        this.grade = grade;
    }
}

子类经理Manager代码:


public class Manager extends Employee {
    //特有属性
    private double bonus;
    //创建Manager对象时,奖金是多少并不是确定的,因为老师在构造器中,不给bonus,可以通过setBonus
    public Manager(String name, double daySal, int workDays, double grade) {
        super(name, daySal, workDays, grade);
    }

    //方法:重写父类的 printSal
    @Override
    public void printSal() {
        //因为经理的工资计算方式和Employee不一样,所以我们重写
        System.out.println("经理 " + getName() + " 工资是="
                + (bonus + getDaySal() * getWorkDays() * getGrade()));
    }

    public double getBonus() {
        return bonus;
    }
    public void setBonus(double bonus) {
        this.bonus = bonus;
    }
}

子类普通员工Worker代码:

public class Worker extends Employee{
    //分析普通员工没有特有的属性

    public Worker(String name, double daySal, int workDays, double grade) {
        super(name, daySal, workDays, grade);
    }
    //重写printSal
    //因为普通员工和Employee输出工资情况一下,所以直接调用父类的printSal()
    @Override
    public void printSal() {
        System.out.print("普通员工 ");//自己的输出信息
        super.printSal();//调用父类的方法,复用代码
    }
}

方法2:创建Manager对象时,在构造器中给bonus。

主类和父类代码:

public class Homework04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
        Manager s = new Manager("大猛子", 100, 20, 1.2, 1000);
        s.printSal();

        Worker worker = new Worker("小猛子", 80, 30, 1.0);
        worker.printSal();
    }
}

class Employee {

    private String name;
    private double daySal;
    private int workDays;
    private double grade;

    public void printSal() {
        System.out.println(name + "的工资=" + daySal * workDays * grade);
    }

    public Employee(String name, double daySal, int workDays, double grade) {
        this.name = name;
        this.daySal = daySal;
        this.workDays = workDays;
        this.grade = grade;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public double getDaySal() {
        return daySal;
    }
    public void setDaySal(double daySal) {
        this.daySal = daySal;
    }
    public int getWorkDays() {
        return workDays;
    }
    public void setWorkDays(int workDays) {
        this.workDays = workDays;
    }
    public double getGrade() {
        return grade;
    }
    public void setGrade(double grade) {
        this.grade = grade;
    }
}

子类经理Manager代码

public class Manager extends  Employee{
    private double bonus;
    
    @Override
    public void printSal() {
        //super.printSal();
        System.out.println("经理 "+getName()+" 工资为:"+(bonus + getDaySal()*getWorkDays()*getGrade()));
    }

    public Manager(String name, double daySal, int workDays, double grade, double bonus) {
        super(name, daySal, workDays, grade);
        this.bonus = bonus;
    }

    public double getBonus() {
        return bonus;
    }
    public void setBonus(double bonus) {
        this.bonus = bonus;
    }
}

子类普通员工Worker代码:

public class Worker extends Employee {
    public Worker(String name, double daySal, int workDays, double grade) {
        super(name, daySal, workDays, grade);
    }
    
    @Override
    public void printSal() {
        System.out.print("普通员工 ");
        super.printSal();
    }
}

题目5

  1. 设计父类一员工类。子类:工人类(Worker),农民类(Peasant),教师类(Teacher),科学家类(Scientist).服务生类(Waiter)。
    (1)其中工人,农民,服务生只有基本工资sal
    (2)教师除基本工资外还有课酬(元/天) classDay, classSal
    (3)科学家除基本工资外,还有年终奖bonus
    (4)编写一个测试类,将各种类型的员工的全年工资打印出来
    HomeworkO5.java 放在com.hspedu.homework.homework5包

主类代码:

public class Homework05 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
        Worker jack = new Worker("jack", 10000);
        jack.setSalMonth(15);//灵活修改带薪月份
        jack.printSal();

        Peasant smith = new Peasant("smith", 20000);
        smith.printSal();

        //老师测试
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher("顺平", 2000);
        //老师有课时费
        teacher.setClassDays(360);
        teacher.setClassSal(1000);
        teacher.printSal();

        //科学家
        Scientist scientist = new Scientist("钟南山", 20000);
        scientist.setBonus(2000000);
        scientist.printSal();
    }
}

父类员工Employee代码:
注意:这里年薪有的发12个月,有的13个15个,变化设置成属性,然后不加入构造器,而是用get和set在主类设置。

public class Employee { //父类
    //属性
    //分析有一个带薪的月份 13 , 15, 12
    private String name;
    private double sal;
    private int salMonth = 12;
    //方法
    //打印全年工资
    public void printSal() {
        System.out.println(name + " 年工资是: " + (sal * salMonth));
    }

    public Employee(String name, double sal) {
        this.name = name;
        this.sal = sal;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public double getSal() {
        return sal;
    }

    public void setSal(double sal) {
        this.sal = sal;
    }

    public int getSalMonth() {
        return salMonth;
    }

    public void setSalMonth(int salMonth) {
        this.salMonth = salMonth;
    }
}

子类 农民工Peasant

public class Peasant extends Employee {//子类
    //属性
    //农民,服务生只有基本工资 sal

    //方法
    public Peasant(String name, double sal) {
        super(name, sal);
    }
    //年工资

    @Override
    public void printSal() {
        System.out.print("农民 ");
        super.printSal();
    }
}

子类 工人 worker 代码:

public class Worker extends Employee{ //子类
    //属性
    //工人,农民,服务生只有基本工资 sal
    public Worker(String name, double sal) {
        super(name, sal);
    }

    //方法
    @Override
    public void printSal() {
        System.out.print("工人 ");
        super.printSal();//使用父类的printSal()
    }
}

子类Teacher代码:
注意:这里 classDays 和 classSal没有放入构造器,也是在主类用set方法设置。

public class Teacher extends Employee{//子类
    //特有属性
    private int //课时费

    public Teacher(String name, double sal) {
        super(name, sal);
    }

    //方法-重写printSal
    @Override
    public void printSal() { //老师不能使用super.printSal(),要重写下
        System.out.print("老师 ");
        System.out.println(getName() + " 年工资是: "
                + (getSal() * getSalMonth() + classDays * classSal ));
    }

    public int getClassDays() {
        return classDays;
    }

    public void setClassDays(int classDays) {
        this.classDays = classDays;
    }

    public double getClassSal() {
        return classSal;
    }

    public void setClassSal(double classSal) {
        this.classSal = classSal;
    }
}

子类Scientist代码:
注意:这里 bonus 没有放入构造器,也是在主类用set方法设置。

public class Scientist extends Employee{ //子类

    //特有属性
    //年终奖 bonus
    private double bonus;

    //方法
    public Scientist(String name, double sal) {
        super(name, sal);
    }
    //重写年工资打印

    @Override
    public void printSal() {
        System.out.print("科学家 ");
        System.out.println(getName() + " 年工资是: " + (getSal() * getSalMonth() + bonus));
    }

    public double getBonus() {
        return bonus;
    }

    public void setBonus(double bonus) {
        this.bonus = bonus;
    }
}

题目6

在这里插入图片描述
1、super访问父类。(不仅局限于父类,还可以往上一类)

2、this先从本类访问(本类所有的成员都可以访问),本类没有再去父类或者 超类,但是,this在本类访问了name,就不能再访问超类的name了。假如this在父类中访问了一个成员,就不能再去超类访问了。。

题目7

在这里插入图片描述

题目8

在这里插入图片描述

主类代码:

public class Homework08 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
          // 第1小问测试checkingAccount
//        CheckingAccount checkingAccount = new CheckingAccount(1000);
//        checkingAccount.deposit(10);// 1010 - 1 = 1009
//        checkingAccount.withdraw(9);//1009 - 9 = 1000 -1= 999
//        System.out.println(checkingAccount.getBalance());

        //测试SavingsAccount
        SavingsAccount savingsAccount = new SavingsAccount(1000);
        savingsAccount.deposit(100);
        savingsAccount.deposit(100);
        savingsAccount.deposit(100);
        System.out.println(savingsAccount.getBalance());//1300  三次免息
        savingsAccount.deposit(100);
        System.out.println(savingsAccount.getBalance());//1400-1=1399

        //月初,定时器自动调用一下 earnMonthlyInterest
        savingsAccount.earnMonthlyInterest();//统计利息
        System.out.println(savingsAccount.getBalance());//1399 + 13.99 =1412.99
        savingsAccount.withdraw(100);//免手续
        System.out.println(savingsAccount.getBalance());//1412.99 -100 =1312.99
        savingsAccount.withdraw(100);//免手续
        savingsAccount.withdraw(100);//免手续
        System.out.println(savingsAccount.getBalance());//1412.99 -200 =1112.99
        savingsAccount.deposit(100);//扣手续费
        System.out.println(savingsAccount.getBalance());//1112.99 + 100 = 1212.99 - 1 = 1211.99

    }
}

子类checkingAccount代码:

/*
在上面类的基础上扩展 新类CheckingAccount对每次存款和取款都收取1美元的手续费
 */
public class CheckingAccount extends BankAccount{//新的账号
    //属性
    public CheckingAccount(double initialBalance) {
        super(initialBalance);
    }

    @Override
    public void deposit(double amount) {//存款
        super.deposit(amount - 1);//巧妙的使用了父类的 deposit
        //1 块钱转入银行的账号
    }

    @Override
    public void withdraw(double amount) {//取款
        super.withdraw(amount + 1);//比如说取10元,加上手续费就是要取11元
        //1 块钱转入银行的账号
    }
}

子类SavingsAccount代码:

/*
扩展前一个练习的BankAccount类,
新类SavingsAccount每个月都有利息产生(earnMonthlyInterest方法被调用),
并且有每月三次免手续费的存款或取款。在earnMonthlyInterest方法中重置交易计数
 */
public class SavingsAccount extends BankAccount {

    //分析
    //新增加属性
    private int count = 3;
    private double rate = 0.01;//利率

    public void earnMonthlyInterest() {//每个月初,我们统计上个月的利息,同时将count=3
        count = 3;
        super.deposit(getBalance() * rate); //调用的是父类
    }

    @Override
    public void deposit(double amount) {
        //判断是否还可以免手续费
        if(count > 0) {
            super.deposit(amount);
        } else {
            super.deposit(amount - 1);//1 块转入银行
        }
        count--;//减去一次
    }

    @Override
    public void withdraw(double amount) {//取款
        //判断是否还可以免手续费
        if(count > 0) {
            super.withdraw(amount);
        } else {
            super.withdraw(amount + 1);//1 块转入银行
        }
        count--;
    }

    public SavingsAccount(double initialBalance) {
        super(initialBalance);
    }


    public int getCount() {
        return count;
    }

    public void setCount(int count) {
        this.count = count;
    }

    public double getRate() {
        return rate;
    }

    public void setRate(double rate) {
        this.rate = rate;
    }
}

题目9

  1. 设计一个Point类,其x和y坐标可以通过构造器提供。提供一个子类LabeledPoint,其构造器接受一个标签值和x,y坐标,比如:new LabeledPoint("Black”,1929,230.07),写出对应的构造器即可。HomeworkO9.java

    此题的用意在于:已知需求,反写构造器

public class Homework09 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new LabeledPoint("Black",1929,230.07);
    }
}

class Point {
    private double x;
    private double y;

    public Point(double x, double y) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }
}

class LabeledPoint extends Point {
    //特有属性
    private String label;
    
    public LabeledPoint(String label, double x, double y) {
        super(x, y);
        this.label = label;
    }
    //方法
}

题目10

  1. 编写Doctor类{name, age, job, gender, sal}
    相应的getter()和setter()方法,5个参数的构造器,重写父类(Object)的equals(方法:public boolean equals(Object obi),并判断测试类中创建的两个对象是否相等。相等就是判断属性是否相同。 Homework10.java

提示:此题可以参考学习笔记第八章(中)的 8.12.2 如何重写equals 方法

public class Homework10 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //测试
        Doctor doctor1 = new Doctor("jack", 20, "牙科医生", '男', 20000);
        Doctor doctor2 = new Doctor("jack", 20, "牙科医生", '男', 20000);

        System.out.println(doctor1.equals(doctor2));//T  equals重写了,是判断属性是否相同。
    }
}

 class Doctor {
    //属性
    //{name, age, job, gender, sal}
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String job;
    private char gender;
    private double sal;
    //5个参数的构造器

    public Doctor(String name, int age, String job, char gender, double sal) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.job = job;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.sal = sal;
    }

    //方法
    //相应的getter()和setter()方法

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getJob() {
        return job;
    }

    public void setJob(String job) {
        this.job = job;
    }

    public char getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(char gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public double getSal() {
        return sal;
    }

    public void setSal(double sal) {
        this.sal = sal;
    }

    //重写父类(Object)的equals()方法:public boolean equals(Object obj),并判断测试类中创建的两个对象是否相等。相等就是判断属性是否相同
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        //判断两个比较对象是否相同
        if (this == obj) { //两个对象是同一个,就返回真
            return true;
        }
        //判断obj 是否是 Doctor类型或其子类
        //过关斩将 校验方式
        if (!(obj instanceof Doctor)) { //不是的话
            return false;
        }

        //向下转型, 因为obj的运行类型是Doctor或者其子类型
        Doctor doctor = (Doctor)obj;
        return this.name.equals(doctor.name) && this.age == doctor.age &&
                this.gender == doctor.gender && this.job.equals(doctor.job) && this.sal == doctor.sal;

    }
}

题目11

考察向上转型,向下转型。
可以参考文章文章https://blog.csdn.net/m0_50736744/article/details/121377193中的 8.11.5 多态注意事项和细节讨论-向上转型 和 向下转向 部分。

在这里插入图片描述
小总结:其实访问方法时,可以理解成 访问方法看运行类型(右边)-指输出结果。
可以参考文章https://blog.csdn.net/m0_50736744/article/details/121377193中的8.11.6 课堂练习的2

题目12

在这里插入图片描述

题目13

在这里插入图片描述
注意:本题7、8小问好好领会。(7、8小问需要重写toString方法)

主类代码:7,8小问放在了主类

public class Homework13 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //测试老师
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher("张飞", '男', 30, 5);

        teacher.printInfo();

        //测试
        Student student = new Student("小明", '男', 15, "00023102");
        System.out.println("-----------------------------------");
        student.printInfo();//封装


        //定义多态数组,里面保存2个学生和2个教师,要求按年龄从高到低排序
        Person[] persons = new Person[4];  //多态数组用父类创建
        persons[0] = new Student("学生jack", '男', 10, "0001");
        persons[1] = new Student("学生mary", '女', 20, "0002");
        persons[2] = new Teacher("smith", '男', 36, 5);
        persons[3] = new Teacher("scott", '男', 26, 1);

        //创建对象
        Homework13 homework13 = new Homework13();
        homework13.bubbleSort(persons);

        //输出排序后的数组
        System.out.println("---排序后的数组-----");
        for(int i = 0; i < persons.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(persons[i]);
        }

        //遍历数组,调用test方法
        System.out.println("=======================");
        for (int i = 0; i < persons.length; i++) {//遍历多态数组
            homework13.test(persons[i]);
        }

    }

    //定义方法,形参为Person类型,功能:调用学生的study或教师的teach方法
    //分析这里会使用到向下转型和类型判断
    public void test(Person p) {
        if(p instanceof Student) {//p 的运行类型如果是Student
            ((Student) p).study();
        } else if(p instanceof  Teacher) {
            ((Teacher) p).teach();
        } else {
            System.out.println("do nothing...");
        }
    }

    //方法,完成年龄从高到底排序
    public void bubbleSort(Person[] persons) {
        Person temp = null;
        for (int i = 0; i < persons.length - 1; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < persons.length - 1 - i; j++) {
                //判断条件, 注意这里的条件可以根据需要,变化
                if(persons[j].getAge() < persons[j+1].getAge()) {
                    temp = persons[j];
                    persons[j] = persons[j + 1];
                    persons[j + 1] = temp;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

父类Person类:

/*抽取一个父类Person类,将共同属性和方法放到Person类 */
public class Person {//父类
    private String name;
    private char gender;
    private int age;
    //方法

    public Person(String name, char gender, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public char getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(char gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    //编写一个play 方法, 把共有的输出内容写到父类
    public String play() {
        return name + "爱玩";
    }

    //返回一个基本信息
    /*
    姓名:张飞
    年龄:30
    性别:男
     */
    public String basicInfo() {
        return "姓名: " + name + "n年龄: " + age + "n性别: " + gender;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + ''' +
                ", gender=" + gender +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

子类Student类:

/*学生需要有学习的方法(study),在方法里写生“我承诺,我会好好学习。” */
public class Student extends Person{ //
    //属性
    private String stu_id;
    //方法
    public Student(String name, char gender, int age, String stu_id) {
        super(name, gender, age);
        this.stu_id = stu_id;
    }

    public String getStu_id() {
        return stu_id;
    }

    public void setStu_id(String stu_id) {
        this.stu_id = stu_id;
    }

    //我承诺,我会好好学习
    public void study() {
        System.out.println(getName() + "承诺,我会好好学习 java");
    }

    /**
     * 学生爱玩足球
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public String play() {
        return super.play() + "足球";
    }

    //编写一个输出信息的方法,这样体现封装
    public void printInfo() {
        System.out.println("学生的信息:");
        System.out.println(super.basicInfo());
        System.out.println("学号: " + stu_id);
        study();//组合, 变化万千
        System.out.println(play());
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "stu_id='" + stu_id + ''' +
                '}' + super.toString();
    }
}

子类Teacher类:

public class Teacher extends Person {
    //属性
    private int work_age;
    //方法

    public Teacher(String name, char gender, int age, int work_age) {
        super(name, gender, age);
        this.work_age = work_age;
    }

    public int getWork_age() {
        return work_age;
    }

    public void setWork_age(int work_age) {
        this.work_age = work_age;
    }

    //教师需要有教学的方法(teach),在方法里写上“我承诺,我会认真教学。
    public void teach() {
        System.out.println(getName() + "承诺,我会认真教学 java...");
    }
    /**
     * 老师爱玩象棋
     */
    @Override
    public String play() {
        return super.play() + "象棋";
    }
    //输出信息方法
    public void printInfo() {
        System.out.println("老师的信息:");
        System.out.println(super.basicInfo());
        System.out.println("工龄: " + work_age);
        teach();
        System.out.println(play());
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Teacher{" +
                "work_age=" + work_age +
                '}' + super.toString();
    }
}

题目14

注意:千万别忘了B类中隐藏的那个Super
在这里插入图片描述
答案:我是A类,hahah我是B类的有参构造,我是c类的有参参构造,我是c类的无参构造

题目15

  1. 什么是多态 , 多态具体体现有哪些? (可举例说明)

答案:

多态:方法或对象具有多种形态,是0OP的第三大特征,是建立在封装和继承基础之上多态具体体现
1.方法多态
(1)重载体现多态(2)重写体现多态
2.对象多态
(1)对象的编译类型和运行类型可以不一致,编译类型在定义时,就确定,不能变化
(2)对象的运行类型是可以变化的,可以通过getClasss ( ) 来查看运行类型
(3)编译类型看定义时=号的左边,运行类型看=号的右边
3.举例说明

public class Homework15 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AAA obj = new BBB();//向上转型
        AAA b1 = obj;
        System.out.println("obj的运行类型=" + obj.getClass());//BBB
        
        obj = new CCC();//向上转型
        System.out.println("obj的运行类型=" + obj.getClass());//CCC
      
        obj = b1;
        System.out.println("obj的运行类型=" + obj.getClass());//BBB
    }
}

class AAA {//超类

}
class BBB extends AAA {//父类

}
class CCC extends BBB {//子类

}

内存分析图顺序:黄–>红–>蓝
在这里插入图片描述
注意:这里obj的运行类型可以改变,但是编译类型不能改变,AAA obj就决定了obj的编译类型是AAA

题目16

  1. java的动态绑定机制是什么? Homework16.java

    答案:
    1.当调用对象的方法时,该方法会和对象的内存地址/运行类型绑定。
    2.当调用对象的属性时,没有动态绑定机制,哪里声明,那里使用。

最后

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