概述
Several sociotechnical aspects of SoSE include
Operating across various autonomous systems, such as cultural, religious, political, economic, environmental, legal, and moral systems, and appreciating their differences
Incorporating Political, Operational, Economic, as well as Technical (POET) and other business objectives
Clarifying boundaries, ideally by consensus of critical stakeholders, primarily between the SoS and its environment but also among SoS component systems
Modeling stakeholder roles and their potential interactive processes
Assisting and assessing decision making through heuristics as well as fact-based analyses
Aligning strategic, tactical, operational, and procedural thrusts
Creating methods and "chaordic artifacts", i.e., complex system tools, to address sociotechnical aspects
Suggesting behaviors and principles to support sociotechnical objectives.
The addition of other sociotechnical aspects is also welcome. A nexus between complex systems concepts and SoSE can encompass
Systems thinking and its impact on holistic approaches and possible outcomes
Self organisation among systems and their designers, developers, testers, and operators
Adaptation to environmental changes and emergent properties of the SoS
Co-evolution among SoS component systems
Robustness and resilience in SoS performance
Sensitivity to small changes of initial conditions
Path dependence and unpredictability even under deterministic conditions
Lack of sustained stability or points of equilibrium
Leadership in distributed and otherwise complex environments
Coping with strange attractors.
Other complexity concepts potentially useful in SoSE may come to mind.
Several SoSE application domains, in which case studies are highly recommended, include
Defense and aerospace systems
Logistical supply chains
Earth's environmental support (green) systems
Global warming science and management
Natural and human-made disaster management
Utility power distribution systems and their management
Air traffic management, including modernization, air traffic and flow control, safety standards, aircraft and ground terminal equipage, and funding
Federal, state, and local government roles, services, and systems, including political aspects, e.g., public opinion, special interests, lobbying, contributions, etc.
Financial systems and their interactions and integration
Health Care, which includes a host of medical, financial, procedural, database technology, and patient information sharing and privacy topics
Diplomatic and other management efforts to ward-off threats of warring nations
Nuclear weapon proliferation prevention and disarmament
Terrorism prevention (understanding why they hate, and dealing with root causes), threat mitigation, and management
Undoubtedly, there are many other domains and applications of interest, as well, for example, the impact of
Unlimited material growth
Overpopulation
on the Earth's ability to respond, and if unchecked, their implications on the ultimate deterioration in our quality of life on this planet. Several special categories such as "open cloud computing" can entail the following topics and/or issues, for example
Governance with its openness nature
Information sharing opportunities and risks, cybersecurity, and privacy
Compliance with legal issues
Sources and standards of interest
Commercial issues, e.g., technological opportunities, vendor market share or lock-in, and sustainability
Big data concerns, e.g., whether all that information out there is worth mining, how one can obtain just that information of interest, and, if desired for camouflaging or disruption, how to disseminate disinformation, or flood the media with so much legitimate information that even that confuses adversaries.
Naturally, SE approaches, chaordic artifacts, methods, and processes relevant to SoSE, enterprise and/or complex systems engineering are of interest, such as
Governance by some overseeing body
SoSE model-based systems engineering (MBSE)
Systems thinking-based approaches
SoS test and evaluation (T&E) (whatever that means)
SoS utilities (whatever they may be)
Estimating SoS performance and measuring actual performance
Predicting SoS behavior; this may be difficult, if not impossible
SoS road-mapping and trajectory shaping based on actual groundbreaking paths
SoS architectures, and adapting a generic SoS architecture for specific applications
Enterprise and complex system architecting
Opportunity pursuit and risk mitigation in SoS
Overall effects of cascading events
Offered guidance to cope with emergence
Extending human limits in handling complexity to the extent possible.
Then there is SoSE modeling, simulation, and analysis utilizing software (and/or hardware or firmware) that is based on
Agents
System dynamics
Mathematics
Formality
Processes
Roles
Cultures.
Finally, there is entrepreneurship dealing with
Systems changing stability levels
Scenario planning
Identifying meanings
Fast responses to achieve market share, for example.
最后
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