OSPF 外部路由汇总配置详解

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我是靠谱客的博主开放香菇，最近开发中收集的这篇文章主要介绍OSPF 外部路由汇总配置详解，觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

概述

实验目的：1.掌握ospf外部路由汇总配置

2.区别外部路由的汇总

3.掌握ospf的外部路由类型及计算方法

实验拓扑：

步骤1.接口配置

R1(config)#interface f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown 
R1(config)#interface loopback 0
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.0.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config)#interface loopback 1
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config)#interface loopback 2
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config)#interface loopback 3
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config)#interface loopback 4
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.4.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config)#interface loopback 5
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.5.1 255.255.255.0

R2(config)#interface f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown 
R2(config)#interface f0/1
R2(config-if)#ip  address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown 

R3(config)#interface f0/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown 
R3(config)#interface f0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 34.34.34.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R4(config)#interface f0/0
R4(config-if)#ip address 34.34.34.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no shutdown 
R4(config)#interface loopback 0
R4(config-if)#ip address 40.1.0.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config)#interface loopback 1
R4(config-if)#ip address 40.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config)#interface loopback 2
R4(config-if)#ip address 40.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config)#interface loopback 3
R4(config-if)#ip address 40.1.3.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config)#interface loopback 4
R4(config-if)#ip address 40.1.4.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config)#interface loopback 5
R4(config-if)#ip address 40.1.5.1 255.255.255.0

步骤2:路由协议配置

R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R1(config-router)#network 10.1.0.1 0.0.0.0 area 1
R1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 1
R1(config-router)#network 10.1.2.1 0.0.0.0  area 1
R1(config-router)#network 10.1.3.1 0.0.0.0 area 1
R1(config-router)#network 10.1.4.1 0.0.0.0 area 1
R1(config-router)#network 10.1.5.1 0.0.0.0 area 1

R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R2(config-router)#network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R4(config)#router rip
R4(config-router)#version 2
R4(config-router)#no auto-summary 
R4(config-router)#network 34.34.34.0 

R4(config)#router rip
R4(config-router)#version 2
R4(config-router)#no auto-summary 
R4(config-router)#network 34.34.34.0 
R4(config-router)#network 40.1.0.1
R4(config-router)#network 40.1.1.1
R4(config-router)#network 40.1.2.1
R4(config-router)#network 40.1.3.1
R4(config-router)#network 40.1.4.1
R4(config-router)#network 40.1.5.1

查看路由表

R1#show ip route 

Gateway of last resort is not set

     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    23.23.23.0 [110/2] via 12.12.12.2, 00:06:20, FastEthernet0/0
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 6 subnets
C       10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3
C       10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2
C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
C       10.1.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C       10.1.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback5
C       10.1.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback4
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.12.12.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

在R3上配置重分发

R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 200 subnets 
R3(config-router)#exit
R3(config)#router rip
R3(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 10

查看R1路由表，可以看到R4身后的40网段被作为ospf外部路由学习

R1#show ip route 

Gateway of last resort is not set

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    34.34.34.0 [110/200] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:22, FastEthernet0/0
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    23.23.23.0 [110/2] via 12.12.12.2, 00:12:44, FastEthernet0/0
     40.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 6 subnets
O E2    40.1.1.0 [110/200] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/0
O E2    40.1.0.0 [110/200] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/0
O E2    40.1.3.0 [110/200] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/0
O E2    40.1.2.0 [110/200] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0
O E2    40.1.5.0 [110/200] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0
O E2    40.1.4.0 [110/200] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 6 subnets
C       10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3
C       10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2
C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
C       10.1.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C       10.1.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback5
C       10.1.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback4
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.12.12.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

检测网络联通性

R1#ping 40.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 40.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 24/46/76 ms

查看R1链路状态数据库

R1#show ip ospf database 

            OSPF Router with ID (10.1.5.1) (Process ID 1)

		Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
10.1.5.1        10.1.5.1        1295        0x80000008 0x0031D0 7
23.23.23.2      23.23.23.2      1292        0x80000003 0x005AFB 1

		Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
12.12.12.1      10.1.5.1        1295        0x80000001 0x003972

		Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
23.23.23.0      23.23.23.2      1292        0x80000001 0x001E91

		Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)
//类型4的LSA用于指出ASBR位置

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
34.34.34.3      23.23.23.2      991         0x80000001 0x006426
          
		Type-5 AS External Link States
//类型5的LSA用于描述外网路由

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
34.34.34.0      34.34.34.3      550         0x80000001 0x00E437 0
40.1.0.0        34.34.34.3      550         0x80000001 0x009BBD 0
40.1.1.0        34.34.34.3      550         0x80000001 0x0090C7 0
40.1.2.0        34.34.34.3      550         0x80000001 0x0085D1 0
40.1.3.0        34.34.34.3      550         0x80000001 0x007ADB 0
40.1.4.0        34.34.34.3      550         0x80000001 0x006FE5 0
40.1.5.0        34.34.34.3      550         0x80000001 0x0064EF 0

步骤3:之前的R1的路由表中，显示的外网路由为3条。为了减少路由表的大小，可以在R3上进行外网的路由汇总，具体配置如下：

R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#summary-address 40.1.0.0 255.255.0.0

查看R1路由表，确认汇总成功

R1#show ip route    
     
Gateway of last resort is not set

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    34.34.34.0 [110/200] via 12.12.12.2, 00:17:33, FastEthernet0/0
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    23.23.23.0 [110/2] via 12.12.12.2, 00:29:55, FastEthernet0/0
     40.0.0.0/16 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    40.1.0.0 [110/200] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:49, FastEthernet0/0
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 6 subnets
C       10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3
C       10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2
C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
C       10.1.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C       10.1.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback5
C       10.1.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback4
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.12.12.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0