概述
一直觉得自己Java基础还不错,但是第一眼看到(Integer)129 == (Integer)129表达式时竟然无法立刻反映过来结果到底是true还是false,不妨先来看一下下面简单的Java程序:
package com.csdn.test;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("(Integer)129 == (Integer)129");
System.out.println( (Integer)129 == (Integer)129);
System.out.println("(Integer)127 == (Integer)127");
System.out.println((Integer)127 == (Integer)127);
}
}
编译运行后,控制台输出结果如下:
(Integer)129 == (Integer)129
false
(Integer)127 == (Integer)127
true
如果平时对Java基础关注比较少,可能有两三年经验的Java程序员也没办法解释为什么会有这种差异,笔者也是在网上查了一些资料才搞清楚来龙去脉。
要弄明白这个问题,首先要熟练掌握Java自动装箱、拆箱相关的知识,Java中的自动装/拆箱发生在运算操作和比较操作时,例如:
Integer a = 10;
a = a + 10; //1.拆箱为int类型 2.计算 a+10 3.把20装箱为Integer类型.
System.out.print(a > 10); //1.把a拆箱为int类型 2. 然后比较
使用==进行比较时,情况如下:
如果==两边都是装箱类型,则比较引用是否指向堆内存中的同一个对象。
如过==两边有一边是装箱类型,另外一边是基本类型,则把装箱类型拆箱为基本类型,然后进行比较。例如:
Integer a = new Integer(129);
Integer b = new Integer(129);
System.out.println(a == b); // 比较引用类型,返回false
System.out.println(a == 129); // a进行拆箱,基本类型比较,返回true
问题就在于,表达式(Integer)127 == (Integer)127和(Integer)129 == (Integer)129的值为什么不同呢?
我们不妨看一下java.lang.Integer类的源码,如下:
/*
* Copyright (c) 1994, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*/
package java.lang;
import java.lang.annotation.Native;
/**
* The {@code Integer} class wraps a value of the primitive type
* {@code int} in an object. An object of type {@code Integer}
* contains a single field whose type is {@code int}.
*
* <p>In addition, this class provides several methods for converting
* an {@code int} to a {@code String} and a {@code String} to an
* {@code int}, as well as other constants and methods useful when
* dealing with an {@code int}.
*
* <p>Implementation note: The implementations of the "bit twiddling"
* methods (such as {@link #highestOneBit(int) highestOneBit} and
* {@link #numberOfTrailingZeros(int) numberOfTrailingZeros}) are
* based on material from Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s <i>Hacker's
* Delight</i>, (Addison Wesley, 2002).
*
* @author Lee Boynton
* @author Arthur van Hoff
* @author Josh Bloch
* @author Joseph D. Darcy
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public final class Integer extends Number implements Comparable<Integer> {
...
...
private static class IntegerCache {
static final int low = -128;
static final int high;
static final Integer cache[];
static {
// high value may be configured by property
int h = 127;
String integerCacheHighPropValue =
sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
try {
int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
i = Math.max(i, 127);
// Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
} catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
// If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
}
}
high = h;
cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
int j = low;
for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
// range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
}
private IntegerCache() {}
}
...
...
}
这里只截取了一部分关键代码,如上面代码所示,Integer类只对-128~127之间的对象做了缓存,(Integer)127 == (Integer)127两边装箱后,实际指向堆内存中同一个对象,(Integer)129 == (Integer)129,装箱为引用类型后,没有做缓存,指向堆内存中不同对象,所以比较结果为false。
最后
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