The Linux Kernel Archives and Documentation

1. The Linux Kernel Archives

https://www.kernel.org/

mainline:	5.18-rc5	    2022-05-01
stable:	    5.17.5	        2022-04-27
stable:	    5.16.20 [EOL]	2022-04-13
longterm:	5.15.37	        2022-05-01
longterm:	5.10.113	    2022-04-27
longterm:	5.4.191	        2022-04-27
longterm:	4.19.241	    2022-05-01
longterm:	4.14.277	    2022-04-27
longterm:	4.9.312	        2022-04-27
linux-next:	next-20220503	2022-05-03

end-of-life，EOL

1.1 Active kernel releases

Prepatch
Prepatch or “RC” kernels are mainline kernel pre-releases that are mostly aimed at other kernel developers and Linux enthusiasts. They must be compiled from source and usually contain new features that must be tested before they can be put into a stable release. Prepatch kernels are maintained and released by Linus Torvalds.

enthusiast [ɪnˈθjuːziæst]：n. 狂热爱好者，爱好者，热衷于 ... 的人，热心者，热烈支持者，热情赞成者

Mainline
Mainline tree is maintained by Linus Torvalds. It’s the tree where all new features are introduced and where all the exciting new development happens. New mainline kernels are released every 9-10 weeks.

Stable
After each mainline kernel is released, it is considered “stable”. Any bug fixes for a stable kernel are backported from the mainline tree and applied by a designated stable kernel maintainer. There are usually only a few bugfix kernel releases until next mainline kernel becomes available – unless it is designated a “longterm maintenance kernel”. Stable kernel updates are released on as-needed basis, usually once a week.
Any bug fixes for a stable kernel 都从主线树向后移植，并由指定的稳定内核维护者应用。在下一个主线内核可用之前，通常只有几个错误修复内核版本 – 除非它被指定为 “longterm maintenance kernel”。稳定的内核更新根据需要发布，通常每周一次。

Longterm
There are usually several “longterm maintenance” kernel releases provided for the purposes of backporting bugfixes for older kernel trees. Only important bugfixes are applied to such kernels and they don’t usually see very frequent releases, especially for older trees.
通常会提供几个 “longterm maintenance” kernel releases，用于向后移植旧内核树的错误修复。

Distribution kernels
Many Linux distributions provide their own “longterm maintenance” kernels that may or may not be based on those maintained by kernel developers. These kernel releases are not hosted at kernel.org and kernel developers can provide no support for them.
许多 Linux 发行版提供自己的 “longterm maintenance” kernels，这些内核可能基于也可能不基于内核开发人员维护的内核。These kernel releases 不在 kernel.org 上托管，内核开发人员无法为它们提供任何支持。

It is easy to tell if you are running a distribution kernel. Unless you downloaded, compiled and installed your own version of kernel from kernel.org, you are running a distribution kernel. To find out the version of your kernel, run uname -r:

(base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ uname -r
4.4.0-19041-Microsoft
(base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$

Does the major version number (4.x vs 5.x) mean anything?
No. The major version number is incremented when the number after the dot starts looking “too big”. There is literally no other reason.
The major version number (4.x vs 5.x) 并没有特殊含义。当点后面的数字开始看起来 “too big” 时，the major version number 会增加。从字面上看，没有其他原因。

Does the odd-even number still mean anything?
A long time ago Linux used a system where odd numbers after the first dot indicated pre-release, development kernels (e.g. 2.1, 2.3, 2.5). This scheme was abandoned after the release of kernel 2.6 and these days pre-release kernels are indicated with “-rc”.
很久以前，Linux 使用一个系统，其中第一个点后面的奇数表示 pre-release, development kernels (e.g. 2.1, 2.3, 2.5)。这个方案在内核 2.6 发布后被放弃了，现在 pre-release kernels 用 “-rc” 表示。

Why are some longterm versions supported longer than others?
The “projected EOL” dates are not set in stone. Each new longterm kernel usually starts with only a 2-year projected EOL that can be extended further if there is enough interest from the industry at large to help support it for a longer period of time.
“projected EOL” 日期并非一成不变。每个新的 longterm kernel 通常仅以 2 年的预计 EOL 开始，如果整个行业有足够的兴趣来帮助支持它更长的时间，则可以进一步扩展。

What is the next longterm release going to be?
Longterm kernels are picked based on various factors – major new features, popular commercial distribution needs, device manufacturer demand, maintainer workload and availability, etc. You can roughly estimate when the new longterm version will become available based on how much time has elapsed since the last longterm version was chosen.

When is the next mainline kernel version going to be released?
Linux kernel follows a simple release cadence:

• after each mainline release, there is a 2-week “merge window” period during which new major features are introduced into the kernel
• after the merge window closes, there is a is a 7-week bugfix and stabilization period with weekly “release candidate” snapshots
• rc7 is usually the last release candidate, though occasionally there may be additional rc8+ releases if that is deemed necessary

So, to find the approximate date of the next mainline kernel release, take the date of the previous mainline release and add 9-10 weeks.

literally [ˈlɪtərəli]：adv. 按字面，字面上，(强调事实可能令人惊讶) 真正地，确实地，(加强即使字面意义并不真实的词语) 简直
end-of-life，EOL
cadence [ˈkeɪdns]：n. (说话时语调的) 抑扬顿挫，起落，(乐段或乐句的) 收束，静止
occasionally [əˈkeɪʒnəli]：adv. 偶尔地，偶尔，偶然，有时候

1.2 Other resources

Kernel.org git repositories
https://git.kernel.org/

The Linux Kernel documentation
https://docs.kernel.org/

Kernel Mailing Lists
https://lore.kernel.org/

Patchwork
https://patchwork.kernel.org/

Listing of Wikis
https://www.wiki.kernel.org/

Kernel.org Bugzilla
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/

mirrors.kernel.org
https://mirrors.kernel.org/

linux.com
https://www.linux.com/

The Linux Foundation
https://www.linuxfoundation.org/

2. Documentation

https://www.kernel.org/doc/
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/

2.1 Linux CPUFreq user guide

https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt

CPU Frequency scaling，CPUFreq

3. The Linux Kernel Documentation

https://docs.kernel.org/

3.1 CPU Performance Scaling

https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/pm/cpufreq.html

3.2 中文翻译

https://docs.kernel.org/translations/zh_CN/index.html

References

https://yongqiang.blog.csdn.net/

最后

以上就是粗心画笔为你收集整理的The Linux Kernel Archives and Documentation The Linux Kernel Archives and Documentation 的全部内容，希望文章能够帮你解决The Linux Kernel Archives and Documentation The Linux Kernel Archives and Documentation 所遇到的程序开发问题。

如果觉得靠谱客网站的内容还不错，欢迎将靠谱客网站推荐给程序员好友。