Win10自带Ubuntu18.04 系统中安装docker

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我是靠谱客的博主光亮人生，这篇文章主要介绍Win10自带Ubuntu18.04 系统中安装docker，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

环境要求：

在系统中(启用或关闭Windows功能) 启用适用于Linux的Windows子系统和虚拟机平台；
在Microsoft Store中查找Ubuntu安装Ubuntu18.04系统
系统需要更新到2020年5月版

步骤：

安装并升级wsl
启用systemctl
安装docker

一、安装并升级WSL

以管理员身份打开PowerShell，并运行下面命令，重启

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dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart

重启后，在PowerShell中运行下面命令，再次重启

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dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

更新WSL 2 Linux内核

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https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/wsl2-kernel

在PowerShell中，使用 wsl -l -v 可以查看子系统的所用的 wsl 是哪一个版本，如果不是版本2的，使用下面命令修改

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wsl --set-version Ubuntu-18.04 2

二、启用systemctl

进入Ubuntu系统，执行以下命令

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# 注释的不用执行
# 修改apt的源
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
# 清空sources.list里的内容
# 将阿里源 内容复制到sources.list中
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 按esc退出编辑模式, 执行
:wq 命令
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install daemonize
sudo daemonize /usr/bin/unshare --fork --pid --mount-proc /lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target
exec sudo nsenter -t $(pidof systemd) -a su - $LOGNAME

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# 注释的不用执行
# 修改apt的源
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
# 清空sources.list里的内容
# 将阿里源 内容复制到sources.list中
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 按esc退出编辑模式, 执行
:wq 命令
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install daemonize
sudo daemonize /usr/bin/unshare --fork --pid --mount-proc /lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target
exec sudo nsenter -t $(pidof systemd) -a su - $LOGNAME

三、安装docker

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sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates software-properties-common curl
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install docker-ce
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
sudo service docker restart
newgrp - docker
# 设置开机启用
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl enable docker