linux云主机如何使用(挂载)新硬盘

72 阅读 0 评论 48 点赞

我是靠谱客的博主仁爱芒果，最近开发中收集的这篇文章主要介绍linux云主机如何使用(挂载)新硬盘，觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

概述

linux云主机新买的磁盘如何开始使用

磁盘分区----->格式化----->挂载---->开机自动挂载

第一步 df -h 查看正在使用的磁盘，发现并没有新的硬盘
[root@tom ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 36G 2.4G 32G 8% /
devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.8G 17M 7.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0

第二步fdisk -l 查看所有硬盘（包含未分区的），发现新的硬盘没有分区
[root@tom ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a1eef

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 75497471 37747712 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 75497472 83886079 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris

Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

第三步对新的磁盘进行分区：（依次是N：新增分区，P：主分区，后面三个使用默认，最后w：写入）

[root@tom ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4d4af2fa.

Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-1048575999, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1048575999, default 1048575999):
Using default value 1048575999
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

第四步格式化
[root@tom ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
32768000 inodes, 131072000 blocks
6553600 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2279604224
4000 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
   32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
   4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
   102400000

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

第五步将磁盘挂载到/u/ 下完成！
[root@tom ~]# mount /dev/vdb /u/

第六步还可以设置开机启动自动挂载

在/etc/fstab文件里加入新的挂载信息，把vdb挂载到 /media目录下，详情如下所示：

/dev/vdb /u ext4 defaults 0 0