概述
文章目录
- Spring Boot对静态资源的映射规则
- 模板引擎
- 1. 引入thymeleaf
- 2. Thymeleaf使用&语法
- 3. 语法规则
- 4. SpringMVC自动配置
- Spring MVC auto-configuration
- 扩展SpringMVC
- 全面接管SpringMVC
- 5. 如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置
使用SpringBoot:
1. 创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块
2. SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来
3. 自己编写业务代码;
自动配置原理
这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了什么?能不能修改?能修改哪些配置?
xxxAutoConfiguration帮我们给容器中自动配置组件
xxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;
Spring Boot对静态资源的映射规则
@ConfigurationProperties(
prefix = "spring.resources",
ignoreUnknownFields = false
)
public class ResourceProperties {
//可以设置和资源有关的参数,缓存时间等
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
} else {
Duration cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getPeriod();
CacheControl cacheControl = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getCachecontrol().toHttpCacheControl();
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
this.customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(new String[]{"/webjars/**"}).addResourceLocations(new String[]{"classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/"}).setCachePeriod(this.getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
}
String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
this.customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(new String[]{staticPathPattern}).addResourceLocations(getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())).setCachePeriod(this.getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
}
}
}
//配置欢迎页映射
@Bean
public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(new TemplateAvailabilityProviders(applicationContext), applicationContext, this.getWelcomePage(), this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
}
//配置喜欢的图标
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(
value = {"spring.mvc.favicon.enabled"},
matchIfMissing = true
)
public static class FaviconConfiguration implements ResourceLoaderAware {
private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;
public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
}
public void setResourceLoader(ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
}
@Bean
public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
mapping.setOrder(-2147483647);
mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico", this.faviconRequestHandler()));
return mapping;
}
@Bean
public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
requestHandler.setLocations(this.resolveFaviconLocations());
return requestHandler;
}
private List<Resource> resolveFaviconLocations() {
String[] staticLocations = WebMvcAutoConfiguration.WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter.getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations());
List<Resource> locations = new ArrayList(staticLocations.length + 1);
Stream var10000 = Arrays.stream(staticLocations);
ResourceLoader var10001 = this.resourceLoader;
var10001.getClass();
var10000.map(var10001::getResource).forEach(locations::add);
locations.add(new ClassPathResource("/"));
return Collections.unmodifiableList(locations);
}
}
- 所有/webjars/**,都去classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/找资源;
webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源;
https://www.webjars.org/
localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.js
<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
<version>3.4.1</version>
</dependency>
- “/**”访问当前项目的任何资源,(静态资源的文件夹)
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/",
"classpath:/public/"
"/":当前项目的根路径
localhost:8080/abc === 去静态资源文件中找abc
- 欢迎页:静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射;
localhost:8080/ 找index页面 - 图标:所有的**/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找;
模板引擎
JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf
SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf;
语法更简单,功能更强大;
1. 引入thymeleaf
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
2. Thymeleaf使用&语法
@ConfigurationProperties(
prefix = "spring.thymeleaf"
)
public class ThymeleafProperties {
private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING;
public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
private boolean checkTemplate = true;
private boolean checkTemplateLocation = true;
private String prefix = "classpath:/templates/";
private String suffix = ".html";
private String mode = "HTML";
//只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染了
使用:
- 导入thymeleaf的名称空间
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
- 使用thymeleaf语法;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>成功</h1>
<!--th:text=""将div里面的文本内容设置为-->
<div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>
3. 语法规则
-
th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;
th:任意html属性,来替换原生属性的值。 -
表达式
Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
2)、使用内置的基本对象:
#ctx : the context object.
#vars: the context variables.
#vars: the context variables.
#locale : the context locale.
#request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
#response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
#session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
#servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
${session.foo}
3)、内置的一些工具对象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the
same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).
Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
<div th:object="${session.user}">
<p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
<p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
<p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
</div>
Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
Literals(字面量)
Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
Boolean literals: true , false
Null literal: null
Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)
String concatenation: +
Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
Binary operators: + , ‐ , * , / , %
Minus sign (unary operator): ‐
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
Binary operators: and , or
Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
If‐then: (if) ? (then)
If‐then‐else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
No‐Operation: _
4. SpringMVC自动配置
Spring MVC auto-configuration
Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC
以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)
- Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
- 自动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器:根据方法的返回值得到视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何渲染(转发?重定向?))
- ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器的;
- 如何定制:我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器;自动的将其组合进来; - Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路径,webjars
- Static
index.html
support. 静态首页访问 - Custom
Favicon
support (see below). favicon.ico - 自动注册了
of Converter
,GenericConverter
,Formatter
beans.
- Converter:转换器; public String hello(User user):类型转换使用Converter
-Formatter
格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date‐format")//在文件中配置日期格式化的规则
public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件
}
自己添加的格式化器转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可
-
Support for
HttpMessageConverters
(see below).
- HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User—Json;
-HttpMessageConverters
是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;
自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中(@Bean,@Component) -
Automatic registration of
MessageCodesResolver
(see below).定义错误代码生成规则 -
Automatic use of a
ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer
bean (see below).
我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(添加到容器)
初始化WebDataBinder;
请求数据=====JavaBean;
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有自动场景;
If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration(interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of typeWebMvcConfigurerAdapter
, but without @EnableWebMvc
. If you wish to provide custom instances ofRequestMappingHandlerMapping
, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter
instance providing such components.
If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with@EnableWebMvc
.
扩展SpringMVC
<mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
<bean></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
编写一个配置类@Configuration
使WebMvcConfigurerAdapter
类型;不能标注@EnableWebMvc
即保留了自动配置,也能用我们扩展的配置;
package com.matthew.springboot04.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
/**
* @Description TODO 适用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
* @Author Matthew
* @Date 2019/5/26 14:40
* @Version 1.0
*/
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
//浏览器发送/Matthew也来到success
registry.addViewController("/Matthew").setViewName("success");
}
}
原理:
- WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的字都配置类
- 在做其他自动配置时会导入;@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
@Configuration
public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
//从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
@Autowired(
required = false
)
public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
}
}
//一个参考实现,将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用
// public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// Iterator var2 = this.delegates.iterator();
// while(var2.hasNext()) {
// WebMvcConfigurer delegate = (WebMvcConfigurer)var2.next();
// delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
// }
// }
- 容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会起作用;
- 我们的配置类也会被调用
效果:SpringMvc的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用
全面接管SpringMVC
SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了,所有都是我们自己配;所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了
我们需要在配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可。
package com.matthew.springboot04.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
/**
* @Description TODO 适用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
* @Author Matthew
* @Date 2019/5/26 14:40
* @Version 1.0
*/
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
//浏览器发送/Matthew也来到success
registry.addViewController("/Matthew").setViewName("success");
}
}
原理:
为什么@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了;
- EnableWebMvc的核心
@Import({DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class})
public @interface EnableWebMvc {
}
@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(
type = Type.SERVLET
)
@ConditionalOnClass({Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class})
//容器中没有这个组件的时候,这个自动配置类才生效
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class})
@AutoConfigureOrder(-2147483638)
@AutoConfigureAfter({DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class})
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
- @EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来;
- 导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport知识SpringMvc最基本的功能;
5. 如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置
模式:
1. SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的(@Bean、@Component)如果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才自动配置;如果有些组件由多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和自己默认的组合起来。
2. 在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置
3. 再SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置
最后
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