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- Kubernetes 单节点版安装部署
- 一、前期准备
- 1.Kubernete介绍
- 2.准备
- 二、安装过程
- 1.环境配置
- 2.安装docker/kubernets
- 3.启动服务
- 三、 使用服务
- 1.使用部署
- 2.可视化安装Dashboard
- 总结
Kubernetes 单节点版安装部署
一、前期准备
1.Kubernete介绍
Kubernetes 是一个可移植的,可扩展的开源平台,用于管理容器化的工作负载和服务,方便了声明式配置和自动化。它拥有一个庞大且快速增长的生态系统。Kubernetes 的服务,支持和工具广泛可用。其集群由代表控制平面的组件和一组称为节点的机器组成。Kubernetes 通过将容器放入在节点(Node)上运行的 Pod 中来执行你的工作负载。 节点可以是一个虚拟机或者物理机器,取决于所在的集群配置。 每个节点包含运行 Pods 所需的服务; 这些节点由 控制面 负责管理。
通常集群中会有若干个节点;而在一个学习用或者资源受限的环境中,你的集群中也可能 只有一个节点。
节点上的组件包括 kubelet、 容器运行时以及 kube-proxy。
2.准备
Kubernete支持在物理服务器和虚拟机上运行,本次我才用安装了centos系统的服务器端进行安装演示K8s单节点的使用。
二、安装过程
1.环境配置
1.关闭系统防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld //关闭防火墙
systemctl status firewalld //查看防火墙状态
2.关闭swap交换区
swapoff -a
2.安装docker/kubernets
我们使用yum安装docker和kubernets
1.重新编译安装docker
yum makecache fast
yum -y install docker-ce
坑1:建议重新安装docker 保证版本的一致性不然在安装kubernets时会遇见找不到不匹配的问题。
2 .通过docker 安装kubernets
配置yum源使用阿里云提供的镜像
使用yum安装kubelet kubeadm kubectl
yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes
kubelet:运行在cluster所有节点上,负责启动POD和容器
kubeadm:用于初始化cluster
kubectl:kubectl是kubenetes命令行工具,通过kubectl可以部署和管理应用,查看各种资源,创建,删除和更新组件
安装成功后我们使用–version命令检查是否安装成功
kubelet --version
我们这里使用的版本为1.23.6
至此我们完成了k8s的基本安装。
3.启动服务
1 启动kubernete服务
systemctl start kubelet && systemctl enable kubelet
2 配置master节点
考虑单节点部署,只需要在该主机上运行下面命令。
kubeadm init
--kubernetes-version=1.23.6
--apiserver-advertise-address=172.21.113.92
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
--service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
--ignore-prefilght-errors=all
- –pod-network-cidr: 定义pod网段为:10.244.0.0/16
- –apiserver-advertise-address:master主机内网IP地址
- –image-repository:指定阿里云镜像仓库地址。由于kubeadm 默认从官网http://k8s.grc.io下载所需镜像,国内无法访问,因此需要通过–image-repository指定阿里云镜像仓库地址。(国外主机可以不用设定)
- 虑到该服务器是单核的,若不加–ignore-preflight-errors会提示cpu资源不足。
初始化异常
-
坑1 The connection to the server xxx:10248 was refused - did you
specify the right host or port? 需要对服务器开放相应端口,最好需要哪个开哪个。 -
坑2
经查阅docker和k8s使用的cgroup不一致导致的,我们需要其cgroup 修改相关配置 -
坑3 需要关闭交换区swap 之前是因为配置swap没有在配置文件中配置,使用swap off命令进行配置,这种配置才重新启动服务器后就会失效,因此初恋初始化超时的问题。
解决上述问题后,我们重新运行初始化节点命令,即可启动成功。
三、 使用服务
1.使用部署
1 查看节点状态
配置kubecetl工具环境变量 查看节点状态
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
kubectel get node
节点目前为单节点,状态为notready
2 部署网络
3 再次查看节点状态 为ready 表明已启动成功并且可连接
2.可视化安装Dashboard
1创建密钥证书
mkdir dashboard-certs
cd dashboard-certs/
#创建命名空间
kubectl create namespace kubernetes-dashboard
# 创建私钥key文件
openssl genrsa -out dashboard.key 2048
#证书请求
openssl req -days 36000 -new -out dashboard.csr -key dashboard.key -subj '/CN=dashboard-cert'
#自签证书
openssl x509 -req -in dashboard.csr -signkey dashboard.key -out dashboard.crt
#创建kubernetes-dashboard-certs对象
kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file=dashboard.key --from-file=dashboard.crt -n kubernetes-dashboard
2 创建管理员账号
kubectl apply -f https://kuboard.cn/install-script/k8s-dashboard/auth.yaml
3下载recommended.yaml配置文件,并修改相应配置
该配置文件不推荐自己从零写起,只需要去官方上下载并修改相应配置即可
官方配置文件下载地址
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30008
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
csrf: ""
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
# Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
# Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
verbs: ["get", "update"]
# Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services/proxy"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
# Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
- apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
containers:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-beta5
imagePullPolicy: Always
ports:
- containerPort: 8443
protocol: TCP
args:
- --auto-generate-certificates
- --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
# Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
# If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
# to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
# - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
volumeMounts:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
mountPath: /certs
# Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTPS
path: /
port: 8443
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsUser: 1001
runAsGroup: 2001
volumes:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
secret:
secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
nodeSelector:
"beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 8000
targetPort: 8000
selector:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
spec:
containers:
- name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.1
ports:
- containerPort: 8000
protocol: TCP
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTP
path: /
port: 8000
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsUser: 1001
runAsGroup: 2001
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
nodeSelector:
"beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
volumes:
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
5 访问dashboard
访问前需要获取认证token(beantoken)
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')
使用节点ip加端口30008访问即可,我们这里使用公网ip从外部网络访问,并输入其上步得到token
总结
本文初步演示了kubernetes的单节点部署安装流程,在初始化master节点成功后会提供kubeadm join 字符串可帮助我们在其他工作节点加入该集群管理,本次由于物理服务器资源有限,就演示了节点的单机安装部署,同时为读者提供了一些常见的坑和错误,给大家避雷。通过这次的学习,对云计算课程的认识更加明确,后续还将继续补充完善云计算相关知识。
最后
以上就是大方烧鹅为你收集整理的kubernetes 单节点版安装部署使用Kubernetes 单节点版安装部署一、前期准备二、安装过程三、 使用服务总结的全部内容,希望文章能够帮你解决kubernetes 单节点版安装部署使用Kubernetes 单节点版安装部署一、前期准备二、安装过程三、 使用服务总结所遇到的程序开发问题。
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