概述
FFMPEG打开媒体的的过程开始于avformat_open_input,因此该函数的重要性不可忽视。
在该函数中,FFMPEG完成了:
输入输出结构体AVIOContext的初始化;
输入数据的协议(例如RTMP,或者file)的识别:1判断文件名的后缀 2读取文件头的数据进行比对;
使用获得最高分的文件协议对应的URLProtocol,通过函数指针的方式,与FFMPEG连接;
剩下的就是调用该URLProtocol的函数进行open,read等操作了
可见最终都调用了URLProtocol结构体中的函数指针。
URLProtocol结构如下,是一大堆函数指针的集合(avio.h文件)
typedef struct URLProtocol {
const char *name;
int (*url_open)( URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags);
/**
* This callback is to be used by protocols which open further nested
* protocols. options are then to be passed to ffurl_open()/ffurl_connect()
* for those nested protocols.
*/
int (*url_open2)(URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags, AVDictionary **options);
int (*url_accept)(URLContext *s, URLContext **c);
int (*url_handshake)(URLContext *c);
/**
* Read data from the protocol.
* If data is immediately available (even less than size), EOF is
* reached or an error occurs (including EINTR), return immediately.
* Otherwise:
* In non-blocking mode, return AVERROR(EAGAIN) immediately.
* In blocking mode, wait for data/EOF/error with a short timeout (0.1s),
* and return AVERROR(EAGAIN) on timeout.
* Checking interrupt_callback, looping on EINTR and EAGAIN and until
* enough data has been read is left to the calling function; see
* retry_transfer_wrapper in avio.c.
*/
int (*url_read)( URLContext *h, unsigned char *buf, int size);
int (*url_write)(URLContext *h, const unsigned char *buf, int size);
int64_t (*url_seek)( URLContext *h, int64_t pos, int whence);
int (*url_close)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_read_pause)(URLContext *h, int pause);
int64_t (*url_read_seek)(URLContext *h, int stream_index,
int64_t timestamp, int flags);
int (*url_get_file_handle)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_get_multi_file_handle)(URLContext *h, int **handles,
int *numhandles);
int (*url_get_short_seek)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_shutdown)(URLContext *h, int flags);
int priv_data_size;
const AVClass *priv_data_class;
int flags;
int (*url_check)(URLContext *h, int mask);
int (*url_open_dir)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_read_dir)(URLContext *h, AVIODirEntry **next);
int (*url_close_dir)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_delete)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_move)(URLContext *h_src, URLContext *h_dst);
const char *default_whitelist;
} URLProtocol;
URLProtocol功能就是完成各种输入协议的读写等操作
但输入协议种类繁多,它是怎样做到“大一统”的呢?
原来,每个具体的输入协议都有自己对应的URLProtocol。
比如file协议(FFMPEG把文件也当做一种特殊的协议)(*file.c文件)
const URLProtocol ff_file_protocol = {
.name = "file",
.url_open = file_open,
.url_read = file_read,
.url_write = file_write,
.url_seek = file_seek,
.url_close = file_close,
.url_get_file_handle = file_get_handle,
.url_check = file_check,
.url_delete = file_delete,
.url_move = file_move,
.priv_data_size = sizeof(FileContext),
.priv_data_class = &file_class,
.url_open_dir = file_open_dir,
.url_read_dir = file_read_dir,
.url_close_dir = file_close_dir,
.default_whitelist = "file,crypto"
};
或者rtmp协议(此处使用了librtmp)(librtmp.c文件)
const URLProtocol ff_librtmp_protocol = {
.name = "rtmp",
.url_open = rtmp_open,
.url_read = rtmp_read,
.url_write = rtmp_write,
.url_close = rtmp_close,
.url_read_pause = rtmp_read_pause,
.url_read_seek = rtmp_read_seek,
.url_get_file_handle = rtmp_get_file_handle,
.priv_data_size = sizeof(LibRTMPContext),
.priv_data_class = &librtmp_class,
.flags = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK,
};
本文简单分析FFmpeg中一个常用的函数:avformat_open_input()。该函数用于打开多媒体数据并且获得一些相关的信息。它的声明位于libavformatavformat.h,如下所示。
/**
* Open an input stream and read the header. The codecs are not opened.
* The stream must be closed with avformat_close_input().
*
* @param ps Pointer to user-supplied AVFormatContext (allocated by avformat_alloc_context).
* May be a pointer to NULL, in which case an AVFormatContext is allocated by this
* function and written into ps.
* Note that a user-supplied AVFormatContext will be freed on failure.
* @param url URL of the stream to open.
* @param fmt If non-NULL, this parameter forces a specific input format.
* Otherwise the format is autodetected.
* @param options A dictionary filled with AVFormatContext and demuxer-private options.
* On return this parameter will be destroyed and replaced with a dict containing
* options that were not found. May be NULL.
*
* @return 0 on success, a negative AVERROR on failure.
*
* @note If you want to use custom IO, preallocate the format context and set its pb field.
*/
int avformat_open_input(AVFormatContext **ps, const char *url, AVInputFormat *fmt, AVDictionary **options);
函数参数意义如下:
ps:函数调用成功之后处理过的AVFormatContext结构体。
file:打开的视音频流的URL。
fmt:强制指定AVFormatContext中AVInputFormat的。这个参数一般情况下可以设置为NULL,这样FFmpeg可以自动检测AVInputFormat。
dictionay:附加的一些选项,一般情况下可以设置为NULL。
函数执行成功的话,其返回值大于等于0。
avformat_open_input()
下面看一下的定义,位于libavformatutils.c中,如下所示。
int avformat_open_input(AVFormatContext **ps, const char *filename,
AVInputFormat *fmt, AVDictionary **options)
{
AVFormatContext *s = *ps;
int i, ret = 0;
AVDictionary *tmp = NULL;
ID3v2ExtraMeta *id3v2_extra_meta = NULL;
if (!s && !(s = avformat_alloc_context()))
return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
if (!s->av_class) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Input context has not been properly allocated by avformat_alloc_context() and is not NULL eithern");
return AVERROR(EINVAL);
}
if (fmt)
s->iformat = fmt;
if (options)
av_dict_copy(&tmp, *options, 0);
if (s->pb) // must be before any goto fail
s->flags |= AVFMT_FLAG_CUSTOM_IO;
if ((ret = av_opt_set_dict(s, &tmp)) < 0)
goto fail;
if (!(s->url = av_strdup(filename ? filename : ""))) {
ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
goto fail;
}
#if FF_API_FORMAT_FILENAME
FF_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
av_strlcpy(s->filename, filename ? filename : "", sizeof(s->filename));
FF_ENABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
#endif
if ((ret = init_input(s, filename, &tmp)) < 0)
goto fail;
s->probe_score = ret;
if (!s->protocol_whitelist && s->pb && s->pb->protocol_whitelist) {
s->protocol_whitelist = av_strdup(s->pb->protocol_whitelist);
if (!s->protocol_whitelist) {
ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
goto fail;
}
}
if (!s->protocol_blacklist && s->pb && s->pb->protocol_blacklist) {
s->protocol_blacklist = av_strdup(s->pb->protocol_blacklist);
if (!s->protocol_blacklist) {
ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
goto fail;
}
}
if (s->format_whitelist && av_match_list(s->iformat->name, s->format_whitelist, ',') <= 0) {
av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Format not on whitelist '%s'n", s->format_whitelist);
ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
goto fail;
}
avio_skip(s->pb, s->skip_initial_bytes);
/* Check filename in case an image number is expected. */
if (s->iformat->flags & AVFMT_NEEDNUMBER) {
if (!av_filename_number_test(filename)) {
ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
goto fail;
}
}
s->duration = s->start_time = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
/* Allocate private data. */
if (s->iformat->priv_data_size > 0) {
if (!(s->priv_data = av_mallocz(s->iformat->priv_data_size))) {
ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
goto fail;
}
if (s->iformat->priv_class) {
*(const AVClass **) s->priv_data = s->iformat->priv_class;
av_opt_set_defaults(s->priv_data);
if ((ret = av_opt_set_dict(s->priv_data, &tmp)) < 0)
goto fail;
}
}
/* e.g. AVFMT_NOFILE formats will not have a AVIOContext */
if (s->pb)
ff_id3v2_read_dict(s->pb, &s->internal->id3v2_meta, ID3v2_DEFAULT_MAGIC, &id3v2_extra_meta);
if (!(s->flags&AVFMT_FLAG_PRIV_OPT) && s->iformat->read_header)
if ((ret = s->iformat->read_header(s)) < 0)
goto fail;
if (!s->metadata) {
s->metadata = s->internal->id3v2_meta;
s->internal->id3v2_meta = NULL;
} else if (s->internal->id3v2_meta) {
int level = AV_LOG_WARNING;
if (s->error_recognition & AV_EF_COMPLIANT)
level = AV_LOG_ERROR;
av_log(s, level, "Discarding ID3 tags because more suitable tags were found.n");
av_dict_free(&s->internal->id3v2_meta);
if (s->error_recognition & AV_EF_EXPLODE)
return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
}
if (id3v2_extra_meta) {
if (!strcmp(s->iformat->name, "mp3") || !strcmp(s->iformat->name, "aac") ||
!strcmp(s->iformat->name, "tta")) {
if ((ret = ff_id3v2_parse_apic(s, &id3v2_extra_meta)) < 0)
goto fail;
if ((ret = ff_id3v2_parse_chapters(s, &id3v2_extra_meta)) < 0)
goto fail;
if ((ret = ff_id3v2_parse_priv(s, &id3v2_extra_meta)) < 0)
goto fail;
} else
av_log(s, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "demuxer does not support additional id3 data, skippingn");
}
ff_id3v2_free_extra_meta(&id3v2_extra_meta);
if ((ret = avformat_queue_attached_pictures(s)) < 0)
goto fail;
if (!(s->flags&AVFMT_FLAG_PRIV_OPT) && s->pb && !s->internal->data_offset)
s->internal->data_offset = avio_tell(s->pb);
s->internal->raw_packet_buffer_remaining_size = RAW_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE;
update_stream_avctx(s);
for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++)
s->streams[i]->internal->orig_codec_id = s->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_id;
if (options) {
av_dict_free(options);
*options = tmp;
}
*ps = s;
return 0;
fail:
ff_id3v2_free_extra_meta(&id3v2_extra_meta);
av_dict_free(&tmp);
if (s->pb && !(s->flags & AVFMT_FLAG_CUSTOM_IO))
avio_closep(&s->pb);
avformat_free_context(s);
*ps = NULL;
return ret;
}
avformat_open_input()源代码比较长,一部分是一些容错代码,比如说如果发现传入的AVFormatContext指针没有初始化过,就调用avformat_alloc_context()初始化该结构体;还有一部分是针对一些格式做的特殊处理,比如id3v2信息的处理等等。有关上述两种信息不再详细分析,在这里只选择它关键的两个函数进行分析:
init_input():绝大部分初始化工作都是在这里做的。
s->iformat->read_header():读取多媒体数据文件头,根据视音频流创建相应的AVStream。
下面我们逐一看看上述函数。
init_input()
init_input()作为一个内部函数,竟然包含了一行注释(一般内部函数都没有注释),足可以看出它的重要性。它的主要工作就是打开输入的视频数据并且探测视频的格式。该函数的定义位于libavformatutils.c,如下所示。
/* Open input file and probe the format if necessary. */
static int init_input(AVFormatContext *s, const char *filename,
AVDictionary **options)
{
int ret;
AVProbeData pd = { filename, NULL, 0 };
int score = AVPROBE_SCORE_RETRY;
if (s->pb) {
s->flags |= AVFMT_FLAG_CUSTOM_IO;
if (!s->iformat)
return av_probe_input_buffer2(s->pb, &s->iformat, filename,
s, 0, s->format_probesize);
else if (s->iformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)
av_log(s, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Custom AVIOContext makes no sense and "
"will be ignored with AVFMT_NOFILE format.n");
return 0;
}
if ((s->iformat && s->iformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE) ||
(!s->iformat && (s->iformat = av_probe_input_format2(&pd, 0, &score))))
return score;
if ((ret = s->io_open(s, &s->pb, filename, AVIO_FLAG_READ | s->avio_flags, options)) < 0)
return ret;
if (s->iformat)
return 0;
return av_probe_input_buffer2(s->pb, &s->iformat, filename,
s, 0, s->format_probesize);
}
在函数的开头的score变量是一个判决AVInputFormat的分数的门限值,如果最后得到的AVInputFormat的分数低于该门限值,就认为没有找到合适的AVInputFormat。FFmpeg内部判断封装格式的原理实际上是对每种AVInputFormat给出一个分数,满分是100分,越有可能正确的AVInputFormat给出的分数就越高。最后选择分数最高的AVInputFormat作为推测结果。score的值是一个宏定义
AVPROBE_SCORE_RETRY,我们可以看一下它的定义:
#define AVPROBE_SCORE_RETRY (AVPROBE_SCORE_MAX/4)
AVPROBE_SCORE_MAX的定义如下:
#define AVPROBE_SCORE_MAX 100 ///< maximum score
由此我们可以得出score取值是25,即如果推测后得到的最佳AVInputFormat的分值低于25,就认为没有找到合适的AVInputFormat。
整个函数的逻辑大体如下:
(1)当使用了自定义的AVIOContext的时候(AVFormatContext中的AVIOContext不为空,即s->pb!=NULL),如果指定了AVInputFormat就直接返回,如果没有指定就调用av_probe_input_buffer2()推测AVInputFormat。这一情况出现的不算很多,但是当我们从内存中读取数据的时候(需要初始化自定义的AVIOContext),就会执行这一步骤。
(2)在更一般的情况下,如果已经指定了AVInputFormat,就直接返回;如果没有指定AVInputFormat,就调用av_probe_input_format(NULL,…)根据文件路径判断文件格式。这里特意把av_probe_input_format()的第1个参数写成“NULL”,是为了强调这个时候实际上并没有给函数提供输入数据,此时仅仅通过文件路径推测AVInputFormat。
(3)如果发现通过文件路径判断不出来文件格式,那么就需要打开文件探测文件格式了,这个时候会首先调用avio_open2()打开文件,然后调用av_probe_input_buffer2()推测AVInputFormat。
下面分析一下av_probe_input_format(),avio_open2(),av_probe_input_buffer2()这几个函数。
av_probe_input_format2()
av_probe_input_format2()是一个API函数,声明位于libavformatavformat.h,如下所示。
/**
* Guess the file format.
*
* @param pd data to be probed
* @param is_opened Whether the file is already opened; determines whether
* demuxers with or without AVFMT_NOFILE are probed.
* @param score_max A probe score larger that this is required to accept a
* detection, the variable is set to the actual detection
* score afterwards.
* If the score is <= AVPROBE_SCORE_MAX / 4 it is recommended
* to retry with a larger probe buffer.
*/
AVInputFormat *av_probe_input_format2(AVProbeData *pd, int is_opened, int *score_max);
该函数用于根据输入数据查找合适的AVInputFormat。参数含义如下所示:
pd:存储输入数据信息的AVProbeData结构体。
is_opened:文件是否打开。
score_max:判决AVInputFormat的门限值。只有某格式判决分数大于该门限值的时候,函数才会返回该封装格式,否则返回NULL。
该函数中涉及到一个结构体AVProbeData,用于存储输入文件的一些信息,它的定义如下所示。
/**
* This structure contains the data a format has to probe a file.
*/
typedef struct AVProbeData {
const char *filename;
unsigned char *buf; /**< Buffer must have AVPROBE_PADDING_SIZE of extra allocated bytes filled with zero. */
int buf_size; /**< Size of buf except extra allocated bytes */
const char *mime_type; /**< mime_type, when known. */
} AVProbeData;
av_probe_input_format2()函数的定义位于libavformatformat.c,如下所示。
AVInputFormat *av_probe_input_format2(AVProbeData *pd, int is_opened, int *score_max)
{
int score_ret;
AVInputFormat *fmt = av_probe_input_format3(pd, is_opened, &score_ret);
if (score_ret > *score_max) {
*score_max = score_ret;
return fmt;
} else
return NULL;
}
从函数中可以看出,av_probe_input_format2()调用了av_probe_input_format3(),并且增加了一个判断,当av_probe_input_format3()返回的分数大于score_max的时候,才会返回AVInputFormat,否则返回NULL。
下面我们看一下av_probe_input_format3()。
av_probe_input_format3()
av_probe_input_format3()是一个API函数,声明位于libavformatavformat.h,如下所示。
/**
* Guess the file format.
*
* @param is_opened Whether the file is already opened; determines whether
* demuxers with or without AVFMT_NOFILE are probed.
* @param score_ret The score of the best detection.
*/
AVInputFormat *av_probe_input_format3(AVProbeData *pd, int is_opened, int *score_ret);
从函数声明中可以看出,av_probe_input_format3()和av_probe_input_format2()的区别是函数的第3个参数不同:av_probe_input_format2()是一个分数的门限值,而av_probe_input_format3()是一个探测后的最匹配的格式的分数值。
av_probe_input_format3()的定义位于libavformatformat.c,如下所示。
AVInputFormat *av_probe_input_format3(AVProbeData *pd, int is_opened,
int *score_ret)
{
AVProbeData lpd = *pd;
const AVInputFormat *fmt1 = NULL;
AVInputFormat *fmt = NULL;
int score, score_max = 0;
void *i = 0;
const static uint8_t zerobuffer[AVPROBE_PADDING_SIZE];
enum nodat {
NO_ID3,
ID3_ALMOST_GREATER_PROBE,
ID3_GREATER_PROBE,
ID3_GREATER_MAX_PROBE,
} nodat = NO_ID3;
if (!lpd.buf)
lpd.buf = (unsigned char *) zerobuffer;
if (lpd.buf_size > 10 && ff_id3v2_match(lpd.buf, ID3v2_DEFAULT_MAGIC)) {
int id3len = ff_id3v2_tag_len(lpd.buf);
if (lpd.buf_size > id3len + 16) {
if (lpd.buf_size < 2LL*id3len + 16)
nodat = ID3_ALMOST_GREATER_PROBE;
lpd.buf += id3len;
lpd.buf_size -= id3len;
} else if (id3len >= PROBE_BUF_MAX) {
nodat = ID3_GREATER_MAX_PROBE;
} else
nodat = ID3_GREATER_PROBE;
}
while ((fmt1 = av_demuxer_iterate(&i))) {
if (!is_opened == !(fmt1->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE) && strcmp(fmt1->name, "image2"))
continue;
score = 0;
if (fmt1->read_probe) {
score = fmt1->read_probe(&lpd);
if (score)
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_TRACE, "Probing %s score:%d size:%dn", fmt1->name, score, lpd.buf_size);
if (fmt1->extensions && av_match_ext(lpd.filename, fmt1->extensions)) {
switch (nodat) {
case NO_ID3:
score = FFMAX(score, 1);
break;
case ID3_GREATER_PROBE:
case ID3_ALMOST_GREATER_PROBE:
score = FFMAX(score, AVPROBE_SCORE_EXTENSION / 2 - 1);
break;
case ID3_GREATER_MAX_PROBE:
score = FFMAX(score, AVPROBE_SCORE_EXTENSION);
break;
}
}
} else if (fmt1->extensions) {
if (av_match_ext(lpd.filename, fmt1->extensions))
score = AVPROBE_SCORE_EXTENSION;
}
if (av_match_name(lpd.mime_type, fmt1->mime_type)) {
if (AVPROBE_SCORE_MIME > score) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Probing %s score:%d increased to %d due to MIME typen", fmt1->name, score, AVPROBE_SCORE_MIME);
score = AVPROBE_SCORE_MIME;
}
}
if (score > score_max) {
score_max = score;
fmt = (AVInputFormat*)fmt1;
} else if (score == score_max)
fmt = NULL;
}
if (nodat == ID3_GREATER_PROBE)
score_max = FFMIN(AVPROBE_SCORE_EXTENSION / 2 - 1, score_max);
*score_ret = score_max;
return fmt;
}
av_probe_input_format3()根据输入数据查找合适的AVInputFormat。输入的数据位于AVProbeData中。前文已经提到过,AVProbeData定义如下。
/**
* This structure contains the data a format has to probe a file.
*/
typedef struct AVProbeData {
const char *filename;
unsigned char *buf; /**< Buffer must have AVPROBE_PADDING_SIZE of extra allocated bytes filled with zero. */
int buf_size; /**< Size of buf except extra allocated bytes */
const char *mime_type; /**< mime_type, when known. */
} AVProbeData;
其中filename是文件路径, buf存储用于推测AVInputFormat的媒体数据,最后还有个mime_type保存媒体的类型。其中buf可以为空,但是其后面无论如何都需要填充AVPROBE_PADDING_SIZE个0(AVPROBE_PADDING_SIZE取值为32,即32个0)。
该函数最主要的部分是一个循环。该循环调用av_iformat_next()遍历FFmpeg中所有的AVInputFormat,并根据以下规则确定AVInputFormat和输入媒体数据的匹配分数(score,反应匹配程度):
(1)如果AVInputFormat中包含read_probe(),就调用read_probe()函数获取匹配分数(这一方法如果结果匹配的话,一般会获得AVPROBE_SCORE_MAX的分值,即100分)。如果不包含该函数,就使用av_match_ext()函数比较输入媒体的扩展名和AVInputFormat的扩展名是否匹配,如果匹配的话,设定匹配分数为AVPROBE_SCORE_EXTENSION(AVPROBE_SCORE_EXTENSION取值为50,即50分)。
(2)使用av_match_name()比较输入媒体的mime_type和AVInputFormat的mime_type,如果匹配的话,设定匹配分数为AVPROBE_SCORE_MIME(AVPROBE_SCORE_MIME取值为75,即75分)。
(3)如果该AVInputFormat的匹配分数大于此前的最大匹配分数,则记录当前的匹配分数为最大匹配分数,并且记录当前的AVInputFormat为最佳匹配的AVInputFormat。
上述过程中涉及到以下几个知识点:
AVInputFormat->read_probe()
AVInputFormat中包含read_probe()是用于获得匹配函数的函数指针,不同的封装格式包含不同的实现函数。
例如,FLV封装格式的AVInputFormat模块定义(位于libavformatflvdec.c)如下所示。
AVInputFormat ff_flv_demuxer = {
.name = "flv",
.long_name = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("FLV (Flash Video)"),
.priv_data_size = sizeof(FLVContext),
.read_probe = flv_probe,
.read_header = flv_read_header,
.read_packet = flv_read_packet,
.read_seek = flv_read_seek,
.read_close = flv_read_close,
.extensions = "flv",
.priv_class = &flv_class,
};
其中,read_probe()函数对应的是flv_probe()函数。我们可以看一下flv_probe()函数的定义:
static int flv_probe(AVProbeData *p)
{
return probe(p, 0);
}
可见flv_probe()调用了一个probe()函数。probe()函数的定义如下。
static int probe(AVProbeData *p, int live)
{
const uint8_t *d = p->buf;
unsigned offset = AV_RB32(d + 5);
if (d[0] == 'F' &&
d[1] == 'L' &&
d[2] == 'V' &&
d[3] < 5 && d[5] == 0 &&
offset + 100 < p->buf_size &&
offset > 8) {
int is_live = !memcmp(d + offset + 40, "NGINX RTMP", 10);
if (live == is_live)
return AVPROBE_SCORE_MAX;
}
return 0;
}
从probe()函数我们可以看出,该函数做了如下工作:
(1)获得第6至第9字节的数据(对应Headersize字段)并且做大小端转换,然后存入offset变量。之所以要进行大小端转换是因为FLV是以“大端”方式存储数据,而操作系统是以“小端”方式存储数据,这一转换主要通过AV_RB32()函数实现。AV_RB32()是一个宏定义,其对应的函数是av_bswap32()。
(2)检查开头3个字符(Signature)是否为“FLV”。
(3)第4个字节(Version)小于5。
(4)第6个字节(Headersize的第1个字节?)为0。
(5)offset取值大于8。
参照FLV文件头的格式可以对上述判断有一个更清晰的认识:
此外代码中还包含了有关live方式的FLV格式的判断,在这里我们不加探讨。对于我们打开FLV文件来说,live和is_live两个变量取值都为0。也就是说满足上述5个条件的话,就可以认为输入媒体数据是FLV封装格式了。满足上述条件,probe()函数返回AVPROBE_SCORE_MAX(AVPROBE_SCORE_MAX取值为100,即100分),否则返回0(0分)。
av_match_name()
av_match_name()是一个API函数,声明位于libavutilavstring.h,如下所示。
/**
* Match instances of a name in a comma-separated list of names.
* List entries are checked from the start to the end of the names list,
* the first match ends further processing. If an entry prefixed with '-'
* matches, then 0 is returned. The "ALL" list entry is considered to
* match all names.
*
* @param name Name to look for.
* @param names List of names.
* @return 1 on match, 0 otherwise.
*/
int av_match_name(const char *name, const char *names);
av_match_name()用于比较两个格式的名称。简单地说就是比较字符串。注意该函数的字符串是不区分大小写的:字符都转换为小写进行比较。
int av_match_name(const char *name, const char *names)
{
const char *p;
int len, namelen;
if (!name || !names)
return 0;
namelen = strlen(name);
while (*names) {
int negate = '-' == *names;
p = strchr(names, ',');
if (!p)
p = names + strlen(names);
names += negate;
len = FFMAX(p - names, namelen);
if (!av_strncasecmp(name, names, len) || !strncmp("ALL", names, FFMAX(3, p - names)))
return !negate;
names = p + (*p == ',');
}
return 0;
}
上述函数还有一点需要注意,其中使用了一个while()循环,用于搜索“,”。这是因为FFmpeg中有些格式是对应多种格式名称的,例如MKV格式的解复用器(Demuxer)的定义如下。
AVInputFormat ff_matroska_demuxer = {
.name = "matroska,webm",
.long_name = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("Matroska / WebM"),
.extensions = "mkv,mk3d,mka,mks",
.priv_data_size = sizeof(MatroskaDemuxContext),
.read_probe = matroska_probe,
.read_header = matroska_read_header,
.read_packet = matroska_read_packet,
.read_close = matroska_read_close,
.read_seek = matroska_read_seek,
.mime_type = "audio/webm,audio/x-matroska,video/webm,video/x-matroska"
};
av_match_ext()
av_match_ext()是一个API函数,声明位于libavformatavformat.h(注意位置和av_match_name()不一样),如下所示。
/**
* Return a positive value if the given filename has one of the given
* extensions, 0 otherwise.
*
* @param filename file name to check against the given extensions
* @param extensions a comma-separated list of filename extensions
*/
int av_match_ext(const char *filename, const char *extensions);
av_match_ext()用于比较文件的后缀。该函数首先通过反向查找的方式找到输入文件名中的“.”,就可以通过获取“.”后面的字符串来得到该文件的后缀。然后调用av_match_name(),采用和比较格式名称的方法比较两个后缀。
/**
* @file
* Format register and lookup
*/
int av_match_ext(const char *filename, const char *extensions)
{
const char *ext;
if (!filename)
return 0;
ext = strrchr(filename, '.');
if (ext)
return av_match_name(ext + 1, extensions);
return 0;
}
av_probe_input_buffer2()
av_probe_input_buffer2()是一个API函数,它根据输入的媒体数据推测该媒体数据的AVInputFormat,声明位于libavformatavformat.h,如下所示
/**
* Probe a bytestream to determine the input format. Each time a probe returns
* with a score that is too low, the probe buffer size is increased and another
* attempt is made. When the maximum probe size is reached, the input format
* with the highest score is returned.
*
* @param pb the bytestream to probe
* @param fmt the input format is put here
* @param url the url of the stream
* @param logctx the log context
* @param offset the offset within the bytestream to probe from
* @param max_probe_size the maximum probe buffer size (zero for default)
* @return the score in case of success, a negative value corresponding to an
* the maximal score is AVPROBE_SCORE_MAX
* AVERROR code otherwise
*/
int av_probe_input_buffer2(AVIOContext *pb, AVInputFormat **fmt,
const char *url, void *logctx,
unsigned int offset, unsigned int max_probe_size);
av_probe_input_buffer2()参数的含义如下所示:
pb:用于读取数据的AVIOContext。
fmt:输出推测出来的AVInputFormat。
filename:输入媒体的路径。
logctx:日志(没有研究过)。
offset:开始推测AVInputFormat的偏移量。
max_probe_size:用于推测格式的媒体数据的最大值。
返回推测后的得到的AVInputFormat的匹配分数。
av_probe_input_buffer2()的定义位于libavformatformat.c,如下所示。
int av_probe_input_buffer2(AVIOContext *pb, AVInputFormat **fmt,
const char *filename, void *logctx,
unsigned int offset, unsigned int max_probe_size)
{
AVProbeData pd = { filename ? filename : "" };
uint8_t *buf = NULL;
int ret = 0, probe_size, buf_offset = 0;
int score = 0;
int ret2;
if (!max_probe_size)
max_probe_size = PROBE_BUF_MAX;
else if (max_probe_size < PROBE_BUF_MIN) {
av_log(logctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
"Specified probe size value %u cannot be < %un", max_probe_size, PROBE_BUF_MIN);
return AVERROR(EINVAL);
}
if (offset >= max_probe_size)
return AVERROR(EINVAL);
if (pb->av_class) {
uint8_t *mime_type_opt = NULL;
char *semi;
av_opt_get(pb, "mime_type", AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN, &mime_type_opt);
pd.mime_type = (const char *)mime_type_opt;
semi = pd.mime_type ? strchr(pd.mime_type, ';') : NULL;
if (semi) {
*semi = '