高频率面试编程题
与堆有关的问题,前K大,构建容量为K的小顶堆,前K小,构建容量为K的大顶堆
面试题 17.14. 最小K个数
美团面试的时候,写随机快排,quicksort函数的quicksort(array,left,index - 1)写错成quicksort(array,left,index)导致stackoverflowerror
解法1:快排
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60import java.util.*; import java.lang.*; class Solution { public int findKthLargest(int[] nums, int k) { quicksort(nums); return nums[nums.length - k]; } public void quicksort(int[] nums) { if(nums.length <= 1) { return; }else { quick(nums,0,nums.length - 1); } } public void quick(int[] nums,int left,int right) { if(left < right) { int index = partition(nums,left,right); //1.quick(nums,left,index - 1);而不是quick(nums,left,index); //因为[left,index - 1]都小于哨兵,[index + 1,right]都大于哨兵 quick(nums,left,index - 1); quick(nums,index + 1,right); } } public int randomPartition(int[] nums,int left,int right) { Random random = new Random(); int flag = random.nextInt(right - left + 1) + left; int privot = nums[flag]; int index = left - 1; swap(nums,flag,right); for(int i = left;i <= right;i ++) { if(nums[i] <= privot) { index ++; swap(nums,i,index); } } return index; } // public int partition(int[] nums,int left,int right) { int privot = nums[left]; //2.确定哨兵之后,和nums[right]交换是必须的 //把nums[left]的值,放到最右侧,就是为了算法结束之后,nums[left]能把数组分成两部分,一部分是小于等于nums[left]的,另一部分是大于nums[left]的 swap(nums,left,right); //index的意思是区间[left,index]都小于等于哨兵,因此index的初始值是left - 1,并当nums[i]小于哨兵,先让index增加 int index = left - 1; for(int i = left;i <= right;i ++) { if(nums[i] <= privot) { index ++; swap(nums,i,index); } } return index; } public void swap(int[] nums,int index1,int index2) { int tem = nums[index1]; nums[index1] = nums[index2]; nums[index2] = tem; } }
剑指 Offer 40. 最小的k个数
解法:建立容量为k的大顶堆
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60class Solution { public int[] getLeastNumbers(int[] arr, int k) { if(k == 0) { return new int[0]; }else if(k >= arr.length) { return arr; }else { int[] heap = new int[k]; for(int i = 0;i < k;i ++) { heap[i] = arr[i]; } //1.对于数组heap要建大顶堆堆 buildMaxHeap(heap,k); for(int i = k;i < arr.length;i ++) { //2.heap[0]是大顶堆最大的元素,如果arr[i]小于heap[0],那么arr[i]就把heap[0]替换,从0开始调整堆,注意这里不是建堆 if(arr[i] < heap[0]) { heap[0] = arr[i]; heapify(heap,0,k); } } return heap; } } //寻找前k个最小的数,用大顶堆。调整容量为k的大顶堆,k就是大顶堆的容量 public void buildMaxHeap(int[] heap,int k) { //大顶堆heap[0]是最大的 //3.建堆应该自底向上,不应该自上而下,因此下面的for循环是不对的 /* for(int i = 0;i <= (k - 1) / 2;i ++) { heapify(heap,i,k); } */ for(int i = (k - 1) / 2;i >= 0;i --) { heapify(heap,i,k); } } //4.调整heap[index]的左节点heap[2 * index + 1]和右节点heap[2 * index + 2],符合大顶堆的定义 public void heapify(int[] heap,int index,int k) { if(index >= k) { return; }else { int leftindex = 2 * index + 1; int rightindex = 2 * index + 2; int maxindex = index; if(leftindex < k && heap[maxindex] < heap[leftindex]) { maxindex = leftindex; } if(rightindex < k && heap[maxindex] < heap[rightindex]) { maxindex = rightindex; } if(maxindex != index) { int tem = heap[index]; heap[index] = heap[maxindex]; heap[maxindex] = tem; //如果index和它的左节点或者右节点交换,应该考虑heap[index]被交换到heap[maxindex]会不会继续引发堆调整 heapify(heap,maxindex,k); } } } }
347. 前 K 个高频元素
解法:前K个出现最多的,,构建一个大小为K的小顶堆
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92class Solution { //可以按任意顺序返回答案 //时间复杂度必须优于 O(n log n) //前k个高频的,构建小顶堆 HashMap<Integer,Integer> map; public int[] topKFrequent(int[] nums, int k) { map = new HashMap<>(); //LinkedList<Integer> list = new LinkedList<>(); if(nums.length == 0 || k == 0) { return new int[0]; }else { for(int i = 0;i < nums.length;i ++) { if(map.containsKey(nums[i])) { map.put(nums[i],map.get(nums[i]) + 1); }else { map.put(nums[i],1); } } //keys是去重的nums元素 int[] keys = new int[map.keySet().size()]; int index = 0; for(int key : map.keySet()) { keys[index ++] = key; //System.out.println(index); } //答案不要求数组元素的顺序,如果k大于等于keys的长度,可以直接返回key if(k >= map.keySet().size()) { return keys; }else { int[] answer = new int[k]; //1.把answer作为小顶堆,先填充数据,然后进行建堆 for(int i = 0;i < k;i ++) { answer[i] = keys[i]; } //2.自下而上建小顶堆 buildHeap(answer,k); for(int i = k;i < keys.length;i ++) { if(map.get(keys[i]) > map.get(answer[0])) { //3.替换堆顶元素,引发堆调整 answer[0] = keys[i]; heapify(answer,0); } } return answer; } } } //4.建堆函数,自下而上调整,详见数据结构,不能自上而下,也就是不能for(i = 0;i < length;i ++){code} public void buildHeap(int[] heap,int length) { //把i --写成i ++导致错误 //i建议从length开始,方便记忆 //当然也可以从(length - 1) / 2 + 1开始,因为这个节点对应的左子树或者右子树是heap数组的最后一个节点 /* for(int i = length;i >=0;i --) { heapify(heap,i); } */ for(int i = (length - 1) / 2 + 1;i >=0;i --) { heapify(heap,i); } } //5.堆调整函数 //调整heap[index]的左右子节点heap[2*index + 1],heap[2*index + 2],依据是他们出现的次数 public void heapify(int[] heap,int index) { if(index >= heap.length) { return; }else { int left = 2 * index + 1; int right = 2 * index + 2; int min = index; if(left < heap.length && map.get(heap[min]) > map.get(heap[left])) { min = left; } if(right < heap.length && map.get(heap[min]) > map.get(heap[right])) { min = right; } //小顶堆比较的依据不是元素的大小而是出现的次数 /* if(right < heap.length && heap[min] > heap[right]) { min = right; } */ if(min != index) { int tem = heap[index]; heap[index] = heap[min]; heap[min] = tem; //index和子节点交换之后,可能会触发新一轮的交换,因此要调用一下,这个时候,heap[min]保存的是之前heap[index] heapify(heap,min); } } } }
剑指 Offer 45. 把数组排成最小的数
解法:
注意:
1.new 一个比较器的时候,new Comparator<> (T) {重写的compare方法},T是代表一个类型,其实就是泛型,不能是int,long,float,得是Integer,Float,Long等对应的包装类型。但是int[],long[],float[]可以。
Arrays.sort(nums1,new Comparator<Integer>() {
public int compare(Integer a,Integer b) {
return a * 10 + b - b * 10 + a;
}
});
2.对于本题,比较器是比较两个数,比如30和3,是303大还是330大,因此使用Integer数组不方便,两个数的位数不一样,因此使用String的数组,“30” + “3”可以直接拼接,拼接之后(“30” + “3”).compareTo("3" + "30");用String.valueOf()这个静态方法(重载的,建议)可以得到数字对应的String。
3.另外,可以有String类型的数组不可以有Stringbuilder和StringBuffer类型的数组,虽然创建StringBuilderStringBuffer的数组不报错,但是数组的内容就不能改变了,个人认为如果改变,不符合数组的内存地址连续性。
4.Comparator与Comparable:
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_34066347/article/details/85621968
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40693828/article/details/81409004?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromBaidu-3.channel_param&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromBaidu-3.channel_param
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32class Solution { public String minNumber(int[] nums) { // /* Integer[] nums1 = new Integer[nums.length]; for(int i = 0; i < nums.length;i ++) { nums1[i] = new Integer(nums[i]); } StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); Arrays.sort(nums1,new Comparator<Integer>() { public int compare(Integer a,Integer b) { return a * 10 + b - b * 10 + a; } }); */ String[] nums1 = new String[nums.length]; for(int i = 0; i < nums.length;i ++) { nums1[i] = String.valueOf(nums[i]); } StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); Arrays.sort(nums1,new Comparator<String>() { public int compare(String a,String b) { //return Integer.parseInt(a + b) - Integer.parseInt(b + a); return (a + b).compareTo((b + a)); } }); for(int i = 0;i < nums1.length;i ++) { sb.append(nums1[i]); } return sb.toString(); } }
179. 最大数
解法:类似于上面的
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32import java.util.Arrays; class Solution { public String largestNumber(int[] nums) { if(nums.length == 0) { return null; }else { //1.转化为String数组 String[] strings = new String[nums.length]; for(int i = 0;i < nums.length;i ++) { strings[i] = String.valueOf(nums[i]); } Arrays.sort(strings,new Comparator<String>(){ public int compare(String a,String b) { //错误return Integer.parseInt(a + b) - Integer.parseInt(b + a); //2.比较字符串调用compareTo方法 return (b + a).compareTo(a + b); } }); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); if(strings[0].equals("0")) { return "0"; } for(int i = 0;i < strings.length;i ++) { //错误sb.add(nums[i]); //3.详见StringBuilder的append方法,可以把基本数据类型转换为Character加入StringBuilder中 sb.append(strings[i]); } return sb.toString(); } } }
215. 数组中的第K个最大元素
解法:PriorityQueue是用堆实现的
待完成:用数组实现堆
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29class Solution { public int findKthLargest(int[] nums, int k) { if(k > nums.length){ return 0; } /* PriorityQueue<Integer> minHeap = new PriorityQueue<>(nums.length,(a,b) -> a - b); for(int i = 0;i < nums.length;i ++){ minHeap.add(nums[i]); } for(int i = 0;i < nums.length - k;i ++){ minHeap.poll(); } return minHeap.peek(); */ PriorityQueue<Integer> minHeap = new PriorityQueue<>(k,(a,b) -> a - b); for(int i = 0;i < k;i ++){ minHeap.add(nums[i]); } for(int i = k;i < nums.length;i ++){ if(nums[i] > minHeap.peek()){ minHeap.poll(); minHeap.add(nums[i]); } } return minHeap.peek(); } }
3. 无重复字符的最长子串
解法:这是滑动窗口系列题目之一
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21class Solution { public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) { if(s.length() <= 1){ return s.length(); } HashMap<Character,Integer> map = new HashMap<>(); int left = 0; int max = 0; for(int i = 0;i < s.length();i ++){ if(map.containsKey(s.charAt(i))){ //更新left的时候与i无关 left = Math.max(map.get(s.charAt(i)) + 1,left); } //更新max max = Math.max(max,i - left + 1); //添加map map.put(s.charAt(i),i); } return max; } }
24. 两两交换链表中的节点
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25class Solution { public ListNode swapPairs(ListNode head) { if(head == null || head.next == null){ return head; } ListNode ans = reserveN(head,2); ans.next.next = swapPairs(ans.next.next); return ans; } ListNode lastofnext = null; //从head节点开始反转N个链表 public ListNode reserveN(ListNode head,int N){ if(N == 1){ lastofnext = head.next; return head; } //last是指向反转后头节点的指针,因此应返回last ListNode last = reserveN(head.next,N - 1); head.next.next = head; head.next = lastofnext; //返回的是last而不是head return last; } }
128. 最长连续序列
解法:使用HashSet,符合题意的最长递增子序列的开始数字X,set里肯定不包含X - 1
比如最长的递增子序列是 2 3 4,那么1肯定不能在数组和set里。
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30class Solution { public int longestConsecutive(int[] nums) { if(nums.length <= 1) { return nums.length; }else { HashSet<Integer> set = new HashSet<>(); int answer = 1; int currentlength; int currentnumber; for(int i = 0;i < nums.length;i ++) { set.add(nums[i]); } for(int i = 0;i < nums.length;i ++) { //点睛之处,对于数N,如果N - 1也在set里,那么最长的递增序列一定不是从N开始的, //最长的递增序列,开始的数字X,set里肯定没有X - 1 if(! set.contains(nums[i] - 1)) { currentlength = 1; currentnumber = nums[i]; while(set.contains(currentnumber + 1)) { currentlength ++; currentnumber ++; } answer = Math.max(answer,currentlength); } } return answer; } } }
151. 翻转字符串里的单词
解法:一般会问递归的解法。
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36class Solution { StringBuilder sb; public String reverseWords(String s) { sb = new StringBuilder(); //第一个单词变成最后一个单词,因此第一个单词加入sb的时候,不加空格 getReverseWord(sb,s,0,false); return sb.toString(); } //把单词存储到sb中,left表示从s的下标left开始添加下一个单词,flag表示在sb后面添加单词之后,sb后面还要不要加空格,原来的第一个单词加入sb之后,sb后面不需要加了 public void getReverseWord(StringBuilder sb,String s,int left,boolean flag) { while(left < s.length() && s.charAt(left) == ' ') { left ++; } //left指向下一个单词的开始字母,或者left等于s.length() if(left == s.length()) { return; } int right = left; //right指向空格(left指向那个单词之后的第一个空格)或者right等于s.Length() while(right < s.length() && s.charAt(right) != ' ') { right ++; } getReverseWord(sb,s,right,true); //下面可以代替上面的for循环, //sb.append(s.substring(left,right)); //为什么是小于right?因为right没有指向单词的字母 for(int i = left;i < right;i ++) { sb.append(s.charAt(i)); } if(flag) { sb.append(' '); } } }
38. 外观数列
解法:迭代,很明显n个外观数需要依靠第n-1个外观数得到
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23class Solution { public String countAndSay(int n) { if(n == 1){ return "1"; }else{ String before = countAndSay(n - 1); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); int index = 0; while(index < before.length()){ int counter = 1; char character = before.charAt(index); while(index + 1 < before.length() && before.charAt(index + 1) == character){ index ++; counter ++; } sb.append(counter); sb.append(character); index ++; } return sb.toString(); } } }
886. 可能的二分法
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41class Solution { // public ArrayList<Integer>[] graph; //点如果涂颜色,就加入map public HashMap<Integer,Integer> map; //0代表红色,1代表蓝色 public boolean possibleBipartition(int N, int[][] dislikes) { graph = new ArrayList[N + 1]; map = new HashMap<Integer,Integer>(); for(int i = 0;i <= N;i ++){ graph[i] = new ArrayList<Integer>(); } //graph[i]表示i + 1不能共存的链表 for(int i = 0;i < dislikes.length;i ++){ graph[dislikes[i][0]].add(dislikes[i][1]); graph[dislikes[i][1]].add(dislikes[i][0]); } for(int i = 1;i <= N;i ++){ if(! map.containsKey(i) && ! dfs(i,0)){ return false; } } return true; } //把node的节点涂成color,是否合理 public boolean dfs(int node,int color){ //如果node已经存在,判断node的值与color是否相同 if(map.containsKey(node)){ return map.get(node) == color; } //如果不含有key map.put(node,color); for(int i = 0;i < graph[node].size();i ++){ //^是逐位 if(! dfs(graph[node].get(i),color ^ 1)){ return false; } } return true; } }
322. 零钱兑换
解法:待实现:贪心+二分查找+动态规划,也就是先尽量换大的零钱
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51class Solution { public int coinChange(int[] coins, int amount) { if(amount == 0){ return 0; } //dp[i]代表凑成i元,需要的硬币个数 int[] dp = new int[amount + 1]; Arrays.sort(coins); for(int i = 0;i < coins.length && coins[i] <= amount;i ++){ dp[coins[i]] = 1; } if(dp[amount] != 0){ return dp[amount]; } for(int i = coins[0];i <= amount;i ++){ if(dp[i] == 1){ continue; }else{ //下面的超时间 /* int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE; for(int j = coins[0];j <= i - coins[0];j ++){ if(dp[j] != 0 && dp[i - j] != 0){ min = Math.min(min,dp[j] + dp[i - j]); } } if(min == Integer.MAX_VALUE){ dp[i] = 0; }else{ dp[i] = min; } */ int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE; for(int j = 0;j < coins.length && coins[j] <= i;j ++){ if(dp[i - coins[j]] != 0){ min = Math.min(dp[coins[j]] + dp[i - coins[j]],min); } } dp[i] = min == Integer.MAX_VALUE ? 0 : min; } } //System.out.println(dp[10]); return dp[amount] == 0 ? -1 : dp[amount]; } public int find(int[] array,int target){ return 1; } }
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22class Solution { public int coinChange(int[] coins,int amount) { if(amount == 0){ return 0; } int[] dp =new int[amount + 1]; //第一个不一样的地方 Arrays.fill(dp,amount + 1); //循环计算dp[i] //第二个不一样的地方 dp[0] = 0; //金钱的循环再外面,否则会出现重复的情况 for(int coin : coins){ for(int i = coin;i <= amount;i ++){ //第三个不一样的地方 dp[i] = Math.min(dp[i],dp[i - coin] + 1); } } //第四个不一样的地方 return dp[amount] == amount + 1 ? -1 : dp[amount]; } }
518. 零钱兑换 II
解法:类似与爬楼梯问题
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20class Solution { //类似于爬楼梯 public int change(int amount, int[] coins) { if(amount == 0){ return 1; } int[] dp =new int[amount + 1]; //循环计算dp[i] dp[0] = 1; //金钱的循环再外面,否则会出现重复的情况 for(int coin : coins){ for(int i = coin;i <= amount;i ++){ //相当于爬楼梯问题 //dp[n] = dp[n - 1] + dp[n - 2] dp[i] += dp[i - coin]; } } return dp[amount]; } }
739. 每日温度
解法:递减栈
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20class Solution { //递减栈的思想 public int[] dailyTemperatures(int[] T) { if(T.length <= 1){ return new int[T.length]; }else{ //存储数据并不方便,因为还要得到数组下标,因此不如直接存储下标 Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>(); int[] answer = new int[T.length]; for(int i = 0;i < T.length;i ++){ while(! stack.isEmpty() && T[i] > T[stack.peek()]){ answer[stack.peek()] = i - stack.peek(); stack.pop(); } stack.push(i); } return answer; } } }
406. 根据身高重建队列
解法:见注释
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16class Solution { public int[][] reconstructQueue(int[][] people) { //按照身高递减,身高相同排名递增的顺序重新排列二维数组 Arrays.sort(people,new Comparator<int[]>(){ public int compare(int[] a,int[] b){ return a[0] == b[0] ? a[1] - b[1] : b[0] - a[0]; } }); List<int[]> list = new LinkedList<>(); for(int[] p : people){ //在list的指定下标插入数据 list.add(p[1],p); } return list.toArray(new int[people.length][2]); } }
面试题 16.25. LRU缓存
解法:HashMap+LinkedList
HashMap表示key是否存在,LinkedList模拟队列
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53class LRUCache { public int capacity; public HashMap<Integer,Integer> map; public LinkedList<Integer> list; public LRUCache(int capacity) { this.capacity = capacity; map = new HashMap<>(); list = new LinkedList<>(); } public int get(int key) { // if(map.containsKey(key)){ /* //使用就把key从list中取出来加到队尾 int index = 0; for(int i = 0;i < list.size();i ++){ if(list.get(i) == key){ index = i; break; } } list.remove(index); list.addLast(key); */ //应该注意remove(index)和remove(Object key)的区别 //这里不能直接remove(key) list.remove((Integer) key); list.addLast(key); return map.get(key); }else{ return -1; } } public void put(int key, int value) { //如果有key存在也触发使用条件 if(map.containsKey(key)){ list.remove((Integer) key); list.addLast(key); map.put(key,value); }else if(list.size() < capacity){ //长度小于capacity可以put map.put(key,value); list.addLast(key); }else{ map.remove(list.getFirst()); list.removeFirst(); map.put(key,value); list.addLast(key); } } }
836. 矩形重叠
解法:降维,把问题看作XY两个方向的区间合并,不同的是,区间只相交一个点不算相交
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37class Solution { public boolean isRectangleOverlap(int[] rec1, int[] rec2) { if(rec1.length != 4 || rec2.length != 4){ throw new IllegalArgumentException(); }else{ int[] array1 = {rec1[0],rec1[2]}; int[] array2 = {rec2[0],rec2[2]}; int[] array3 = {rec1[1],rec1[3]}; int[] array4 = {rec2[1],rec2[3]}; if(judge(array1,array2) && judge(array3,array4)){ return true; }else{ return false; } } } //降维 public boolean judge(int[] array1,int[] array2){ if(array1.length != 2 || array2.length != 2){ return false; }else{ if(array1[0] <= array2[0]){ //根据题意等于不对 if(array1[1] > array2[0]){ return true; } }else{ if(array2[1] > array1[0]){ return true; } } return false; } } }
9. 回文数
解法1:双指针,Integer.toString(int x)可以把x转化为String
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22class Solution { public boolean isPalindrome(int x) { if(x < 0){ return false; }else if(x < 10){ return true; }else{ String number = Integer.toString(x); int left = 0; int right = number.length() - 1; while(left < right){ if(number.charAt(left) != number.charAt(right)){ return false; }else{ left ++; right --; } } return true; } } }
解法2:数学的方法模拟双指针
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31class Solution { public boolean isPalindrome(int x) { if(x < 0){ return false; }else if(x < 10){ return true; }else{ int div = 1; int tem = x; //必须是大于等于10 while(tem >= 10){ tem = tem / 10; div *= 10; } //System.out.println(div); //x >= 10不对,无法解决1000021的情况 while(x > 0){ int left = x % 10; int right = x / div; if(left != right){ return false; }else{ //原来的x除去最高位和最低位 x = (x % div) / 10; div = div / 100; } } return true; } } }
43. 字符串相乘
解法:1.字符串反转,让最低位是个位;2.num1 * num2 = answer,由于999 * 999 = 998901,answer数组的长度是num1的长度加上num2的长度即可。不考虑进位:answer[i+j] += num1[i] * num2[j] =;最后统一进位。
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65class Solution { public String multiply(String num1, String num2) { //999*999=998001 //x位的数乘以y位的数,结果肯定是x+y位的数 if(num1 == null){ return num2; }else if(num2 == null){ return num1; }else if(num1.equals("0") || num2.equals("0")){ //不应该用==,应该用.equals() return "0"; }else{ int[] answer = new int[num1.length() + num2.length()]; /* int number1; int number2; */ //经过反转之后,个位在0 num1 = reverse(num1); num2 = reverse(num2); for(int i = 0;i < num1.length();i ++){ for(int j = 0;j < num2.length();j ++){ //最后统一进位 answer[i + j] += ((num1.charAt(i) - '0') * (num2.charAt(j) - '0')); /* answer[i + j] += (number1 * number2) % 10; answer[i + j + 1] += (number1 * number2) / 10; */ } } //统一进位,注意一个是等于一个是加等于,并且顺序不能反 for(int i = 0;i < answer.length - 1;i ++){ /* answer[i] = answer[i] % 10; answer[i + 1] += answer[i] / 10; */ answer[i + 1] += answer[i] / 10; answer[i] = answer[i] % 10; } StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); int i = 0; for(i = answer.length - 1;i >= 0;i --){ if(answer[i] != 0){ break; } } for(;i >= 0;i --){ sb.append(answer[i]); } return sb.toString(); } } //反转字符串函数 public String reverse(String num){ if(num == null){ return null; }else{ StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for(int i = num.length() - 1;i >= 0;i --){ sb.append(num.charAt(i)); } return sb.toString(); } } }
[牛客网编程题]链表中环的入口节点
解法:快慢指针+双指针,剑指offer23,链表中环的入口节点
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51//解法:快慢指针+双指针 public class Solution { public ListNode detectCycle(ListNode head) { ListNode node = getNode(head); //面试写的时候,就是忘记判断node == null,导致NullPointerException if(node == null) { return null; }else { ListNode answer = head; int length = getLength(node); //让front先向前走length步,answer和front一起往后一次走一步 ListNode front = head; for(int i = 0;i < length;i ++) { front = front.next; } while(answer != front) { answer = answer.next; front = front.next; } return answer; } } //如果有环,得到环的长度 public int getLength(ListNode node) { int answer = 1; ListNode tem = node.next; while(node != tem) { answer ++; tem = tem.next; } return answer; } //快慢指针,返回的要么是环中的节点,要么是null public ListNode getNode(ListNode head) { if(head == null) { return null; }else { ListNode fast = head.next; ListNode slow = head; while(fast != null && fast.next != null) { if(fast == slow) { return fast; } slow = slow.next; fast = fast.next.next; } return null; } } }
268. 缺失数字
解法:1+...+n减去nums数组之和,但是直接求nums数组之和,可能会int溢出。
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14class Solution { //直接求nums数组的和可能会溢出 public int missingNumber(int[] nums) { if(nums.length == 0){ throw new IllegalArgumentException(); }else{ int sum = 0; for(int i = 0;i < nums.length;i ++){ sum += nums[i]; } return nums.length * (nums.length + 1) / 2 - sum; } } }
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21class Solution { //直接求nums数组的和可能会溢出 public int missingNumber(int[] nums) { if(nums.length == 0){ throw new IllegalArgumentException(); }else{ /* int sum = 0; for(int i = 0;i < nums.length;i ++){ sum += nums[i]; } return nums.length * (nums.length + 1) / 2 - sum; */ //原理和上面的一样,但是避免了int溢出 int result = 0; for(int i = 1;i <= nums.length;i ++){ result += i - nums[i - 1]; } } } }
67. 二进制求和
解法:存储答案的Stringbuilder的先存储个位,并且两个数都从低位相加
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40class Solution { //存储答案的Stringbuilder的先存储 public String addBinary(String a, String b) { if(b == null || b.equals("0")){ return a; }else if(a == null || a.equals("0")){ return b; }else{ int index1 = a.length() - 1; int index2 = b.length() - 1; int number = 0; int sum = 0; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); while(index1 >= 0 && index2 >= 0){ sum = number + (a.charAt(index1) - '0') + (b.charAt(index2) - '0'); number = sum / 2; sb.append(sum % 2); index1 --; index2 --; } while(index1 >= 0){ sum = (a.charAt(index1) - '0') + number; number = sum / 2; sb.append(sum % 2); index1 --; } while(index2 >= 0){ sum = (b.charAt(index2) - '0') + number; number = sum / 2; sb.append(sum % 2); index2 --; } if(number != 0){ sb.append(number); } return sb.reverse().toString(); } } }
268. 缺失数字
异或运算的思路见解析:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/missing-number/solution/que-shi-shu-zi-by-leetcode/
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10class Solution { //异或是逐位异或的,比如0^3=3 public int missingNumber(int[] nums) { int answer = 0; for(int i = 0;i < nums.length;i ++){ answer ^= (i ^ nums[i]); } return answer ^ nums.length; } }
20. 有效的括号
解法:哔哩哔哩笔试题,原来用动态规划写的,动态规划不适合{}{}{}()情况,只适合{({[]})}情况,应该用栈。
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57class Solution { public boolean isValid(String s) { if(s.length() == 0){ return true; }else if(s.length() % 2 == 1) { return false; }else { HashMap<Character,Character> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put(')','('); map.put('}','{'); map.put(']','['); Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<>(); for(int i = 0;i < s.length();i ++){ char c = s.charAt(i); if(! map.containsKey(c)){ stack.push(c); }else{ if(! stack.isEmpty() && stack.peek() == map.get(c)){ stack.pop(); }else{ return false; } } } return stack.isEmpty(); /* map.put('(',1); map.put(')',-1); map.put('[',2); map.put(']',-2); map.put('{',3); map.put('}',-3); Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<>(); for(int i = 0;i < s.length();i ++){ if(! map.containsKey(s.charAt(i))){ return false; }else if(map.get(s.charAt(i)) > 0){ stack.push(s.charAt(i)); }else{ if(! stack.isEmpty() && (map.get(s.charAt(i)) + map.get(stack.peek()) == 0)){ stack.pop(); }else{ return false; } } } if(stack.isEmpty()){ return true; }else{ return false; } */ } } }
189. 旋转数组
时间复杂度题目要求O(n),空间复杂度O(1)
解法1:反转数组,因此本题改成反转链表也是可以的。
k = k % nums.length,先反转[0,nums.length - 1],再反转[0,k - 1]和[k,nums.length - 1]
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26class Solution { public void rotate(int[] nums, int k) { if(nums.length <= 1){ return; }else{ //忘记写下面一句 k = k % nums.length; reverse(nums,0,nums.length - 1); reverse(nums,0,k -1); reverse(nums,k,nums.length - 1); } } public void reverse(int[] nums,int left,int right){ int tem = 0; //当left = right的情况下,循环结束 //当一开始的时候,left = right,不需要反转 while(left < right){ tem = nums[left]; nums[left] = nums[right]; nums[right] = tem; //忘记写下面的两句了 left ++; right --; } } }
解法2:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/rotate-array/solution/xuan-zhuan-shu-zu-by-leetcode/
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30class Solution { public void rotate(int[] nums, int k) { if(nums.length <= 1 || k < 1){ return; }else{ //忘记写下面一句 k = k % nums.length; //counter表示已经交换的个数 int counter = 0; int index = 0; int start = 0; int pre; int tem = 0; while(counter < nums.length){ index = start; pre = nums[start]; do{ int next = (index + k) % nums.length; tem = nums[next]; nums[next] = pre; pre = tem; index = next; next = (next + k) % nums.length; counter ++; } while(index != start); start = (start + 1) % nums.length; } } } }
409. 最长回文串
解法:哈希表
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21class Solution { public int longestPalindrome(String s) { if(s.length() == 0 && s.length() == 1) { return s.length(); }else { HashMap<Character,Integer> map = new HashMap<>(); int answer = 0; for(int i = 0;i < s.length();i ++) { if(map.containsKey(s.charAt(i))) { map.put(s.charAt(i), map.get(s.charAt(i)) + 1); }else { map.put(s.charAt(i), 1); } } for(char key : map.keySet()){ answer += map.get(key) % 2; } return answer == 0 ? s.length() : s.length() - answer + 1; } } }
110. 平衡二叉树
解法:类似于337. 打家劫舍 III
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38class Solution { //flag表示题目所给的树是不是平衡二叉树,其值为false就表示不是平衡二叉树 boolean flag = true; public boolean isBalanced(TreeNode root) { if(root == null) { return true; }else { //最终目的不是为了获得dp函数的返回值,因此直接调用即可 dp(root); return flag; } } //dp函数返回的数组,第一个元素表示左子树的高 //第二个元素表示右子树的高 public int[] dp(TreeNode root) { int[] answer = new int[2]; //root为空直接返回 //flag为false,表示题目中的树的子树已经失衡,直接返回即可 if(root == null || flag == false) { return answer; }else { int[] left = dp(root.left); int[] right = dp(root.right); if(get(left[0],left[1]) > 1 || get(right[0],right[1]) > 1){ flag = false; } answer[0] = Math.max(left[0],left[1]) + 1; answer[1] = Math.max(right[0],right[1]) + 1; if(get(answer[0],answer[1]) > 1){ flag = false; } return answer; } } public int get(int a,int b){ return Math.abs(a - b); } }
剑指 Offer 30. 包含min函数的栈
解法:辅助栈和数据栈,两个栈包含元素的数量一直一样
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38class MinStack { //辅助栈存储的元素的多少每时每刻都和数据栈一样 //辅助栈的栈顶元素对应数据栈从栈底到栈顶的最小值 public Stack<Integer> datastack; public Stack<Integer> helpstack; /** initialize your data structure here. */ public MinStack() { this.datastack = new Stack<>(); this.helpstack = new Stack<>(); } public void push(int x) { //加入辅助栈的条件:1.辅助栈为空或者x小于辅助栈栈顶元素 //2.否则,也就是辅助栈不为空并且栈顶元素小于x,那么辅助栈加入栈顶元素 if(helpstack.isEmpty() || x < helpstack.peek()) { helpstack.push(x); }else { helpstack.push(helpstack.peek()); } //加入数据栈 datastack.push(x); } public void pop() { if(! datastack.isEmpty() && ! helpstack.isEmpty()) { datastack.pop(); helpstack.pop(); } } public int top() { return datastack.peek(); } public int min() { return helpstack.peek(); } }
剑指 Offer 39. 数组中出现次数超过一半的数字
投票法:
解法:设置一个counter = 1和number = nums[0],往后遍历,当遍历得到的数字等于number,counter ++;否则counter --。如果counter == 0,那么number = 当前遍历的数字,counter重新设置为1.
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24class Solution { public int majorityElement(int[] nums) { if(nums.length == 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(); }else if(nums.length == 1) { return nums[0]; }else { int counter = 1; int number = nums[0]; for(int i = 1;i < nums.length;i ++) { if(nums[i] == number) { counter ++; }else { counter --; } if(counter == 0) { number = nums[i]; counter = 1; } } return number; } } }
剑指 Offer 50. 第一个只出现一次的字符
解法:关键是nums[s.charAt(i)],也就是字符可以直接转化为int(范围是0-255)
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24class Solution { public char firstUniqChar(String s) { //s.equals(''); if(s == null) { return ' '; }else { //用一个int的数组,来模拟HashMap //因为char是一个字节,二进制对应的阿西克码是0--255 int[] array = new int[256]; for(int i = 0;i < s.length();i ++) { //这是合法的,能自动把s.charAt(i)转化为对应的整数 array[s.charAt(i)] += 1; } for(int i = 0;i < s.length();i ++) { if(array[s.charAt(i)] == 1) { return s.charAt(i); } } return ' '; } } }
[编程题]字符流中第一个不重复的字符
解法1:StringBuilder记录字符输入的顺序,int[256]对于纯字符串的问题可以当作一个HashMap
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30public class Solution { //Insert one char from stringstream int[] array = new int[256]; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); public void Insert(char ch) { array[ch] += 1; sb.append(ch); } //return the first appearence once char in current stringstream public char FirstAppearingOnce() { //由于寻找的是字符流中的第一个出现一次的字符,因此下面不对 //比如google,ggg#ll这是正确的输出,但是下面会输出ggg#le /* for(int i = 0; i < 256;i ++) { if(array[i] == 1) { return (char) i; } } return '#'; */ for(int i = 0;i < sb.length();i ++) { if(array[sb.charAt(i)] == 1) { return sb.charAt(i); } } return '#'; } }
解法2:用index存储字符出现的顺序
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44public class Solution { //Insert one char from stringstream int[] array = new int[256]; int index = 1; //StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); public void Insert(char ch) { if(array[ch] == 0) { array[ch] = index; }else { array[ch] = -1; } //sb.append(ch); index ++; } //return the first appearence once char in current stringstream public char FirstAppearingOnce() { //由于寻找的是字符流中的第一个出现一次的字符,因此下面不对 //比如google,ggg#ll这是正确的输出,但是下面会输出ggg#le /* for(int i = 0; i < 256;i ++) { if(array[i] == 1) { return (char) i; } } return '#'; */ char answer = ''; int minindex = Integer.MAX_VALUE; for(int i = 0;i < 256;i ++) { if(array[i] >= 1 && array[i] < minindex) { answer = (char) i; minindex = array[i]; } } if(answer == '') { return '#'; }else { return answer; } } }
13. 罗马数字转整数
解法:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/roman-to-integer/solution/yong-shi-9993nei-cun-9873jian-dan-jie-fa-by-donesp/
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31class Solution { public static HashMap<Character,Integer> map; public int romanToInt(String s) { if(s.length() == 0) { return 0; }else { map = new HashMap<>(); map.put('I',1); map.put('V',5); map.put('X',10); map.put('L',50); map.put('C',100); map.put('D',500); map.put('M',1000); int prenumber = 0; int number = map.get(s.charAt(s.length() - 1)); int answer = number; //number>=prenumber,answer += number否则asnwer -= number for(int i = s.length() - 2;i >= 0;i --) { prenumber = number; number = map.get(s.charAt(i)); if(number >= prenumber) { answer += number; }else { answer -= number; } } return answer; } } }
12. 整数转罗马数字
解析:见注释。
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41class Solution { public static HashMap<Integer,String> map; public String intToRoman(int num) { if(num == 0) { return null; }else { //关键的是把900,400,90,40,9,4的写法写出来, //600可以不写,因为DC是符合贪心规则的 map = new HashMap<>(); map.put(1000,"M"); map.put(900,"CM"); map.put(600,"DC"); map.put(500,"D"); map.put(400,"CD"); map.put(100,"C"); map.put(90,"XC"); map.put(60,"LX"); map.put(50,"L"); map.put(40,"XL"); map.put(10,"X"); map.put(9,"IX"); map.put(6,"VI"); map.put(5,"V"); map.put(4,"IV"); map.put(1,"I"); int[] array = {1000,900,600,500,400,100,90,60,50,40,10,9,6,5,4,1}; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); int number = 0; //判断条件增加一个num > 0剪枝,也可以不写 for(int i = 0;i < array.length && num > 0;i ++) { number = num / array[i]; for(int j = 0;j < number;j ++) { sb.append(map.get(array[i])); } num = num % array[i]; } return sb.toString(); } } }
剑指 Offer 09. 用两个栈实现队列
解法:定义两个栈,一个栈只负责进另外一个栈只负责出,当负责出的栈空了,就把负责进的栈的所有数据放到负责出的栈中。
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28class CQueue { //一个栈负责进栈,另一个栈负责出栈 Stack<Integer> stackpush; Stack<Integer> stackpop; public CQueue() { this.stackpush = new Stack<>(); this.stackpop = new Stack<>(); } public void appendTail(int value) { stackpush.push(value); } public int deleteHead() { if(stackpop.isEmpty()) { if(stackpush.isEmpty()) { return -1; }else { while(! stackpush.isEmpty()) { stackpop.push(stackpush.pop()); } return stackpop.pop(); } }else { return stackpop.pop(); } } }
225. 用队列实现栈
解法:两个栈来回倒数据,总是一个栈空一个栈有数据,或者两个栈都是空的。
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54//用两个栈,来回倒数,总是一个栈空另一个栈不空,或者两个栈都空 //可以认为进栈是addLast()出栈是removeFirst() class MyStack { //java中LinkedList实现了Queue接口 LinkedList<Integer> list1; LinkedList<Integer> list2; /** Initialize your data structure here. */ public MyStack() { this.list1 = new LinkedList<>(); this.list2 = new LinkedList<>(); } /** Push element x onto stack. */ public void push(int x) { if(list1.isEmpty()) { list2.addLast(x); }else if(list2.isEmpty()) { list1.addLast(x); } } /** Removes the element on top of the stack and returns that element. */ public int pop() { if(this.empty()) { return -1; }else if(list1.isEmpty()) { while(list2.size() != 1) { list1.addLast(list2.removeFirst()); } return list2.removeLast(); }else { while(list1.size() != 1) { list2.addLast(list1.removeFirst()); } return list1.removeLast(); } } /** Get the top element. */ public int top() { if(this.empty()) { return -1; }else if(list1.isEmpty()) { return list2.peekLast(); }else { return list1.peekLast(); } } /** Returns whether the stack is empty. */ public boolean empty() { return list1.isEmpty() && list2.isEmpty(); } }
剑指 Offer 31. 栈的压入、弹出序列
解法:见注释
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27class Solution { public boolean validateStackSequences(int [] pushed,int [] poped) { if(pushed.length != poped.length) { //throw new IllegalArgumentException(); return false; }else if(pushed.length == 0) { return true; }else { Stack<Integer> stackhelp = new Stack<>(); int index = 0; //pushed数组的每一个元素都是要进栈的,只是出栈的时机不同而已 for(int i = 0;i < pushed.length;i ++) { stackhelp.push(pushed[i]); while(! stackhelp.isEmpty() && stackhelp.peek() == poped[index]) { index ++; stackhelp.pop(); } //这个不能放到while循环之后,因为如果入栈的出栈的顺序都是12345 //要是放到while循环之后,那么push数组的1放到栈就取不出来了 //stackhelp.push(pushed[i]); } return stackhelp.isEmpty(); } } }
150. 逆波兰表达式求值
解法:用栈模拟,最后栈中只会有一个结果
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42class Solution { //假设这个表达式总是有效的,并且表达式总会得出有效数值且不存在除数为 0 的情况。 public int evalRPN(String[] tokens) { if(tokens.length == 0) { return 0; }else { Stack<Integer> stack1 = new Stack<>(); //Stack<String> stack2 = new Stack<>(); HashSet<String> set = new HashSet<>(); set.add("+"); set.add("-"); set.add("*"); set.add("/"); int answer = 0; for(int i = 0;i < tokens.length;i ++) { //1.set的contains()方法调用的是equals方法 if(! set.contains(tokens[i])) { stack1.push(Integer.parseInt(tokens[i])); }else { //stack2.push(tokens[i]); int number1 = stack1.pop(); int number2 = stack1.pop(); //int result = 0; if(tokens[i].equals("+")) { answer = (number1 + number2); }else if(tokens[i].equals("-")) { answer = (number2 - number1); }else if(tokens[i].equals("*")) { answer = (number1 * number2); }else { //3.注意谁除以谁 answer = (number2 / number1); } //2.运算结果还要入栈,因此上面的表达式是=不是+= stack1.push(answer); } } //4.题目给的逆波兰表达式总是有效的,因此最后栈中只有一个数字,就是答案 return stack1.pop(); } } }
165. 比较版本号
解法:思想类似于链表实现数的加法或者字符串实现数的加法
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19class Solution { public int compareVersion(String version1, String version2) { //得用\.分割不能用.分割 String[] numbers1 = version1.split("\."); String[] numbers2 = version2.split("\."); int length1 = numbers1.length; int length2 = numbers2.length; int number1 = 0; int number2 = 0; for(int i = 0;i < Math.max(length1,length2);i ++) { number1 = i >= length1 ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(numbers1[i]); number2 = i >= length2 ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(numbers2[i]); if(number1 != number2) { return number1 > number2 ? 1 : -1; } } return 0; } }
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