概述
cpanm是安装Perl模块的最方便的方法。自动下载安装依赖包。使用CPAN shell或下载源码包安装模块，遇到大量依赖关系，非常头痛。下面就是一例：
安装MongoDB模块
# perl Makefile.PL
Warning: prerequisite Class::Method::Modifiers 0 not found.
Warning: prerequisite Data::Types 0 not found.
Warning: prerequisite DateTime 0 not found.
Warning: prerequisite DateTime::Tiny 0 not found.
Warning: prerequisite ExtUtils::MakeMaker 6.59 not found. We have 6.30.
Warning: prerequisite File::Slurp 0 not found.
Warning: prerequisite File::Temp 0.17 not found. We have 0.16.
Warning: prerequisite JSON 0 not found.
Warning: prerequisite Moose 0 not found.
Warning: prerequisite Test::Exception 0 not found.
Warning: prerequisite Test::Warn 0 not found.
Warning: prerequisite Tie::IxHash 0 not found.
Warning: prerequisite Try::Tiny 0 not found.
Warning: prerequisite boolean 0 not found.
Writing Makefile for MongoDB
1. 安装cpanm
cpanm其实是一个可执行文件而已。将它下载到bin目录，然后添加执行权限就可以了。
# wget http:
//xrl.us/cpanm -O /usr/bin/cpanm; chmod +x /usr/bin/cpanm
2. 使用cpanm安装模块
# cpanm -h
-v,--verbose Turns on chatty output
-q,--quiet Turns off the most output
--interactive 开启交互配置(required for Task:: modules)
-f,--force 强制安装
-n,--notest Do not run unit tests
--test-only 只测试不安装
-S,--sudo sudo to run install commands
--installdeps 只安装依赖模块
--showdeps 只显示依赖信息
--reinstall 重新安装
--mirror 指定镜像url (e.g. http://cpan.cpantesters.org/)
--mirror-only 只从镜像下载
--prompt Prompt when configure/build/test fails
-l,--local-lib Specify the install base to install modules
-L,--local-lib-contained Specify the install base to install all non-core modules
--self-contained Install all non-core modules, even if they're already installed.
--auto-cleanup Number of days that cpanm's work directories expire in. Defaults to 7
Examples:
cpanm Test::More # install Test::More
cpanm MIYAGAWA/Plack-0.99_05.tar.gz # full distribution path
cpanm http://example.org/LDS/CGI.pm-3.20.tar.gz # install from URL
cpanm ~/dists/MyCompany-Enterprise-1.00.tar.gz # install from a local file
cpanm --interactive Task::Kensho # Configure interactively
cpanm . # install from local directory
cpanm --installdeps . # install all the deps for the current directory
cpanm -L extlib Plack # install Plack and all non-core deps into extlib
cpanm --mirror http://cpan.cpantesters.org/ DBI # use the fast-syncing mirror
参数名直接为模块名称
如，安装MongoDB模块
# cpanm MongoDB
--> Working on MongoDB
Fetching http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/F/FR/FRIEDO/MongoDB-0.702.0.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring MongoDB-0.702.0 ... OK
==> Found dependencies: DateTime, Tie::IxHash, Data::Types, DateTime::Tiny, Class::Method::Modifiers, boolean, Moose, File::Slurp, Try::Tiny, Test::Exception, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, Test::Warn, File::Temp, JSON
--> Working on DateTime
...... //自动解决依赖模块
为了加快下载速度, 可以指定使用镜像,并只从镜像下载:
# cpanm --mirror http:
//mirrors.163.com/cpan --mirror-only MongoDB
3. 删除模块
安装App::pmuninstall模块：
# cpanm App::pmuninstall
4.删除模块
# pm-uninstall MongoDB
MongoDB.so: undefined symbol: HeUTF8 问题解决方案参见：http://www.uoften.com/article/56285.htm
最后
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