C++11编译器支持列表 C++11 compiler support shootout: Visual Studio, GCC, Clang, Intel

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概述

C++11 compiler support shootout: Visual Studio, GCC, Clang, Intel

It’s been more than half a year since my last comparison of the C++11 support across different compilers. This time I’d like to see how different compilers stack up based on the documentation for the pre-release versions of these compilers.

The next release of GCC is 4.8 and the upcoming version of Clang is 3.3. If you use Visual Studio 2012, you can install an experimental CTP update released in November 2012 to get additional C++11 features.

I’ve also thrown in v.13.0 of Intel’s C++ compiler out of curiosity, although it isn’t pre-release and there were a few features I couldn’t find information about. I didn’t find any information about the upcoming version of this compiler.

Feature	VS2012 Nov CTP	g++ 4.8	Clang 3.3	Intel 13.0
auto	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
decltype	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Rvalue references and move semantics	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Lambda expressions	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
nullptr	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
static_assert	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Range based for loop	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Trailing return type in functions	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
extern templates	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
>> for nested templates	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Local and unnamed types as template arguments	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Variadic macros	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Variadic templates	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Default template arguments in function templates	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
final method keyword	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
override method keyword	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Strongly typed enums	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partial
Forward declared enums	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partial
Initializer lists	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partial
explicit type conversion operators	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Raw string literals	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Forwarding constructors	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Template aliases	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Defaulted methods	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Deleted methods	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Generalized attributes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
New built-in types	Partial	Yes	Yes	Partial
Alignment support	Partial	Yes	Yes	No
Inline namespaces	No	Yes	Yes	No
sizeof on non-static data members without an instance	No	Yes	Yes	No
Changed restrictions on union members	No	Yes	Yes	No
User defined literals	No	Yes	Yes	No
Encoding support in literals	No	Yes	Yes	No
Arbitrary expressions in template deduction contexts	No	Yes	Yes	Don't know
Non-static data member initializers	No	Yes	Yes	Don't know
noexcept	No	Yes	Yes	Partial
constexpr	No	Yes	Yes	Partial
C99 compatibility	Partial	Partial	Partial	Yes
Thread local storage	Partial	Yes	No	Partial
Inheriting constructors	No	Yes	No	No
Rvalue references for *this	No	No	Yes	No

It looks like GCC is overtaking Clang as the compiler with the best C++11 support. Visual Studio has added several significant C++11 features such as variadic templates, initializer lists and raw literals.

I can’t really comment on how complete and bug-free these implementations are at a more fine grained level (other than VS2012 - I detail a lot of the bugs in the initial VS2012 release in my book, C++11 Rocks).

It’s also useful to look at the state of library support. I’m not going to get very specific as there are lots of small changes across the standard library. I’m also going to omit Intel’s library from this comparison.

I can say that the major additions to the library are mostly provided by all three implementations (as shown in the table below), although with various caveats.

Microsoft’s library implementation lacks anything that requires unimplemented language features such as constexpr (as of the initial release of VS2012). The library hasn’t been updated to use the features in the November 2012 CTP of the compiler such as initializer lists or variadic templates.

GCC’s libstdc++ lags somewhat as it doesn’t support regular expressions and low-level concurrency features. It also doesn’t implement constexpr methods in a lot of cases. std::function doesn’t have support for custom allocators, as Gilad noted in the comments below.

Clang’s libc++ is 100% complete on Mac OS, however various parts of it don’t yet work on Windows and Linux.

Feature	MSVC	libstdc++	libc++
Concurrency: async/future/promise/packaged_task	Yes	Yes	Yes
Concurrency: thread and related	Yes	Yes	Yes
Concurrency: condition variables	Yes	Yes	Yes
Concurrency: mutexes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Concurrency: atomic types and operations	Yes	Yes	Yes
Concurrency: relaxed memory ordering and fences	Yes	No	Yes
Smart pointers	Yes	Yes	Yes
Tuples	Yes	Yes	Yes
std::bind	Yes	Yes	Yes
std::function	Yes	Yes	Yes
Regular expressions	Yes	No	Yes
Type traits	Yes	Partial	Yes
std::forward_list	Yes	Yes	Yes
std::array	Yes	Yes	Yes
Hash tables	Yes	Yes	Yes
Random number generation	Yes	Yes	Yes
Compile time rational numbers (ratio)	Yes	Yes	Yes
Time utilities (chrono)	Yes	Yes	Yes
Initializer lists	Yes	Yes	Yes
Diagnostics (system_error)	Yes	Yes	Yes
STL refinements and new algorithms	Yes	Yes	Yes
General purpose (move, forward, declval etc.)	Yes	Yes	Yes
Minimal support for garbage collection	Yes	No	No

It’s good to see that the language and library support is steadily improving. Clang and GCC are getting close to having full C++11 support. Visual Studio is also improving C++11 support, and I’m pleased that C++ compiler updates are happening between major releases. The list of supported features in Intel’s compilers is growing longer as well.

Who knows, by next year all four compilers might support all the C++11 features!