Centos7下载安装配置mysql

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我是靠谱客的博主帅气台灯，最近开发中收集的这篇文章主要介绍Centos7下载安装配置mysql，觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

概述

一，下载mysql

1.在系统中创建mysql文件夹，执行下面的命令，下载官方的 Yum Repository

[root@localhost mysql]# wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

2.使用yum命令安装

[root@localhost mysql]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

执行结果：

已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
正在检查 mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm: mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm 将被安装
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql57-community-release.noarch.0.el7-10 将被安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
base/7/x86_64 | 3.6 kB 00:00
extras/7/x86_64 | 2.9 kB 00:00
updates/7/x86_64 | 2.9 kB 00:00

依赖关系解决

================================================================================
Package 架构版本源大小
================================================================================
正在安装:
mysql57-community-release
noarch el7-10 /mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 30 k

事务概要
================================================================================
安装 1 软件包

总计：30 k
安装大小：30 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 1/1
验证中 : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 1/1

已安装:
mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10

完毕！

3.安装mysql服务器

[root@localhost mysql]# yum -y install mysql-community-server

结果为：

已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
* updates: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-server.x86_64.0.5.7.34-1.el7 将被安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.34-1.el7，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-client.x86_64.0.5.7.34-1.el7 将被安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9，它被软件包 mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 mysql-community-common.x86_64.0.5.7.34-1.el7 将被安装
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mariadb-libs.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被取代
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs.x86_64.0.5.7.34-1.el7 将被舍弃
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64.0.5.7.34-1.el7 将被舍弃
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

================================================================================
Package 架构版本源大小
================================================================================
正在安装:
mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.34-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.4 M
替换 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 5.7.34-1.el7 mysql57-community 1.2 M
替换 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.34-1.el7 mysql57-community 173 M
为依赖而安装:
mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.34-1.el7 mysql57-community 25 M
mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.34-1.el7 mysql57-community 310 k

事务概要
================================================================================
安装 3 软件包 (+2 依赖软件包)

总下载量：203 M
Downloading packages:
警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
(1/5): mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 310 kB 00:03
(2/5): mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.4 MB 00:08
(3/5): mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:03
(4/5): mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 25 MB 00:37
(5/5): mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 173 MB 01:02
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 2.6 MB/s | 203 MB 01:16
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
用户ID : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
指纹 : a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
软件包 : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch (@/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64 1/6
正在安装 : mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64 2/6
正在安装 : mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64 3/6
正在安装 : mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64 4/6
正在安装 : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64 5/6
正在删除 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 6/6
验证中 : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64 1/6
验证中 : mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64 2/6
验证中 : mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64 3/6
验证中 : mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64 4/6
验证中 : mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64 5/6
验证中 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 6/6

已安装:
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.34-1.el7
mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.34-1.el7
mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.34-1.el7

作为依赖被安装:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.34-1.el7
mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.34-1.el7

替代:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7

完毕！

二、mysql设置

1.启动mysql

[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start
mysqld.service

执行命令要一段时间，并且没有任何日志输出。

2.查看mysql状态

[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysqld.service

结果：

● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 二 2021-07-06 20:49:39 CST; 41s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 13079 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 13023 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 13081 (mysqld)
Tasks: 27
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─13081 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/my...

7月 06 20:49:31 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
7月 06 20:49:39 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

3.找出mysql密码

[root@localhost mysql]#
grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

2021-07-06T12:49:35.670393Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: NV5So-c0>Pgh
末尾的就是密码

4.修改密码

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Hjl@123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

注意：密码必须要有大小写和特殊字符。

5.开启mysql远程控制

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'Hjl@123456' with
grant option;
mysql> flush privileges;

注意：%代表开发所有IP，可以开放指定的IP地址，如：127.0.0.1

6.给mysql和Tomcat开放防火墙端口

[root@localhost mysql]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
success
[root@localhost mysql]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
success
//重启防火墙
[root@localhost mysql]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

7.设置mysql字符集

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.34 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> status
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.34, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

Connection id:       5
Current database:
Current user:       root@localhost
SSL:           Not in use
Current pager:       stdout
Using outfile:       ''
Using delimiter:   ;
Server version:       5.7.34 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:   10
Connection:       Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:   latin1
Db characterset:   latin1
Client characterset:   utf8
Conn. characterset:   utf8
UNIX socket:       /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:           54 min 49 sec

Threads: 1 Questions: 16 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 112 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 105 Queries per second avg: 0.004
--------------

发现mysql服务的字符集为Latin1

要去配置文件中修改：

[root@localhost etc]# vi /etc/my.cnf

[client]
default-character-set=utf8
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
"my.cnf" 32L, 1056C
主要添加红色部分，主要位置要一致，不然会有错误。

然后重启mysql服务，再次查看：

[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl restart mysqld.service
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.34 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> status
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.34, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

Connection id:       3
Current database:
Current user:       root@localhost
SSL:           Not in use
Current pager:       stdout
Using outfile:       ''
Using delimiter:   ;
Server version:       5.7.34 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:   10
Connection:       Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:   utf8
Db characterset:   utf8
Client characterset:   utf8
Conn. characterset:   utf8
UNIX socket:       /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:           36 sec

Threads: 1 Questions: 5 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 105 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 98 Queries per second avg: 0.13
--------------

8.mysql常用操作命令：

systemctl restart mysqld.service 重启
systemctl start mysqld.service
开启
systemctl stop mysqld.service
停止

9.在其他机器就可以远程连接mysql了。例如window的cmd中

C:Users13955>mysql -h 192.168.70.149 -P 3306 -u root -p
Enter password: **********
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.34 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>