概述
Docker 常用命令：
- 从线上仓库搜索指定镜像：
[root@base ~]# docker search mycat
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
longhronshens/mycat-docker mycat-docker 6 [OK]
mycatisblack/consul-agent Fork of gliderlabs/consul-agent but with nag… 4 [OK]
cuilc/mycat oracle jdk8, tomcat, mycat 3
fify/mycat MyCAT database mid-ware. 2
manondidi/mycat alibaba mycat 1.6.7.5 2
- 从线上仓库拉取镜像到本地仓库：
[root@base ~]# docker pull longhronshens/mycat-docker
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from longhronshens/mycat-docker
7b6bb4652a1b: Pull complete
fb377b2e71cc: Pull complete
c1c3d373acdd: Pull complete
c8956cdc65ba: Pull complete
3188aa6e7ac1: Pull complete
85d3a3d2accd: Pull complete
39f6c2431126: Downloading [=================================================> ] 15.59MB/15.68MB
- 列出本地仓库所有镜像：
[root@base ~]# docker image list -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
sonatype/nexus3 latest 589f7296a4a2 5 weeks ago 655MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhengqing/mycat-web latest b9d10dcc1d81 2 years ago 602MB
- 从镜像创建容器运行：
[root@base ~]# docker run --name mycat --net=host --privileged=true --restart=always -d -p 8066:8066 -p 9066:9066 -v /data/mycat/server.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml -v /data/mycat/schema.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml longhronshens/mycat-docker
解析：
docker run
# 容器名称，后续操作可使用此名称标识容器
--name mycat
# 容器的网络类型，与 vmware 网络类型选择类似：桥接、NAT、主机
--net=host
# 大约在0.6版，privileged被引入docker。
# 使用该参数，container内的root拥有真正的root权限。
# 否则，container内的root只是外部的一个普通用户权限。
# privileged启动的容器，可以看到很多host上的设备，并且可以执行mount。
# 甚至允许你在docker容器中启动docker容器
--privileged=true
# 容器异常退出总是重启
--restart=always
# 以后台守护进程运行，关闭终端不会关闭
-d
# MyCat 数据服务端口
-p 8066:8066
# MyCat 管理端口，后续配置 Mycat-Web 时会用到
-p 9066:9066
# 绑定宿主机指定路径文件到容器指定路径文件：MyCat 服务器用户配置
-v /data/mycat/server.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml
# 绑定宿主机指定路径文件到容器指定路径文件：MyCat 逻辑库、逻辑表、分片、主机、主从配置
-v /data/mycat/schema.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml
# 镜像名称
longhronshens/mycat-docker
- 列出本地所有容器（包括在运行和停止运行的）：
[root@base ~]# docker container list -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
39105ddd32af registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhengqing/mycat-web "/opt/start-mycat-we…" 7 hours ago Up 7 hours 0.0.0.0:28082->8082/tcp, :::28082->8082/tcp mycat-web
- 查看在容器运行日志：
[root@base ~]# docker logs --help
Usage: docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
Fetch the logs of a container（获取容器日志）
Options:
--details Show extra details provided to logs
-f, --follow Follow log output（动态跟踪日志输出）
--since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)（显示自某时间之后的日志）
-n, --tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")（显示从结尾向前多少行的日志，类似于 Linux 命令 tail -f -n 200）
-t, --timestamps Show timestamps (显示时间戳)
--until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)（显示某一时间戳之前的日志）
[root@base ~]# docker logs mycat-web -f -n 5
2022-02-05 11:39:09.589 ERROR jrds.Starter.JMXConnection:705 - [service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://192.168.42.105:8066/jmxrmi] Communication error with rmi: java.io.IOException: Failed to retrieve RMIServer stub: javax.naming.CommunicationException [Root exception is java.rmi.ConnectIOException: non-JRMP server at remote endpoint]
2022-02-05 11:39:15.235 INFO org.mycat.web.task.common.TaskManger:46 - 定时任务中的dbName列表:[Mycat_105]
2022-02-05 11:39:15.236 INFO org.mycat.web.task.common.TaskManger:46 - 定时任务中的dbName列表:[Mycat_105]
2022-02-05 11:39:15.236 INFO org.mycat.web.task.common.TaskManger:46 - 定时任务中的dbName列表:[Mycat_105]
2022-02-05 11:40:15.236 INFO org.mycat.web.task.common.TaskManger:46 - 定时任务中的dbName列表:[Mycat_105]
- 停止、启动、重启、删除容器：
[root@base ~]# docker container stop mycat-web
mycat-web
[root@base ~]# docker container start mycat-web
mycat-web
[root@base ~]# docker container stop --help
Usage: docker container stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Stop one or more running containers
Options:
-t, --time int Seconds to wait for stop before killing it (default 10)
[root@base ~]# docker container start --help
Usage: docker container start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Start one or more stopped containers
Options:
-a, --attach Attach STDOUT/STDERR and forward signals
--detach-keys string Override the key sequence for detaching a container
-i, --interactive Attach container's STDIN
[root@base ~]# docker container restart --help
Usage: docker container restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Restart one or more containers
Options:
-t, --time int Seconds to wait for stop before killing the container (default 10)
[root@base ~]# docker container kill --help
Usage: docker container kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Kill one or more running containers
Options:
-s, --signal string Signal to send to the container (default "KILL")
[root@base ~]# docker container rm --help
Usage: docker container rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Remove one or more containers
Options:
-f, --force Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)
-l, --link Remove the specified link
-v, --volumes Remove anonymous volumes associated with the container
- 在宿主机和容器间拷贝文件：
[root@base05 mycat]# docker cp mycat:/usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml /data/mycat/schema-1.xml
解析：
docker cp
# 容器中文件 /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml ，前缀 mycat:
mycat:/usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml
# 本地文件系统中文件
/data/mycat/schema-1.xml- 进入容器控制台：
[root@base05 ~]# docker container list
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0d329da4bba9 longhronshens/mycat-docker "/bin/sh -c '/usr/lo…" 2 days ago Up 9 hours mycat
[root@base05 ~]# docker exec -it 0d329da4bba9 /bin/bash
[root@base /]# ll /usr/local/mycat/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 190 Jul 31 2017 bin
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 6 Mar 1 2016 catlet
drwxrwxrwx. 4 root root 4096 Feb 2 22:07 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 2017 lib
drwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 74 Feb 5 12:05 logs
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 217 Oct 28 2016 version.txt
[root@base /]# exit
exit
[root@base05 ~]#
Docker 命令帮助：
docker --help
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
-c, --context string Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var
and default context set with "docker context use")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
app* Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
builder Manage builds
buildx* Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.7.1-docker)
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
context Manage contexts
image Manage images
manifest Manage Docker image manifests and manifest lists
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
scan* Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.12.0)
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
To get more help with docker, check out our guides at https://docs.docker.com/go/guides/
Docker 镜像命令帮助：
[root@base ~]# docker image --help
Usage: docker image COMMAND
Manage images
Commands:
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
从 Dockerfile 构建一个镜像
history Show the history of an image
显示一个镜像的历史
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
从 tar 包导入内容来创建一个文件系统镜像
inspect Display detailed information on one or more images
显示一个或多个镜像的详细信息
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
从 tar 包或标准输出加载一个镜像
ls List images
列出镜像
prune Remove unused images
移除未使用的镜像
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
从线上仓库拉取一个镜像或一个版本库
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
把一个镜像或版本库推送到线上仓库
rm Remove one or more images
移除一个或多个镜像
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
把一个或多个镜像保存成一个 tar 包（默认是流化到标准输出）
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
创建一个引用源镜像的标记目标镜像
Run 'docker image COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
运行 'docker image COMMAND --help' 以获取有关一个命令的更多信息。
Docker 容器命令帮助：
[root@base ~]# docker container --help
Usage: docker container COMMAND
Manage containers
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
绑定本地标准输入、输出和错误流到一个运行中的容器
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
从容器的改变创建一个新的镜像
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
在容器和本地文件系统之间拷贝文件/文件夹
create Create a new container
创建一个新的容器
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
检查容器文件系统的文件或目录的更改
exec Run a command in a running container
在一个运行中的容器里执行一条命令
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
将一个容器的文件系统导出成一个 tar 包
inspect Display detailed information on one or more containers
显示一个或多个容器的详细信息
kill Kill one or more running containers
杀死一个或多个运行中的容器
logs Fetch the logs of a container
获取一个容器的日志
ls List containers
列出容器
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
暂停一个或多个容器中的所有进程
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
列出指定容器的端口映射或只列出一个指定的映射
prune Remove all stopped containers
移除所有已停止的容器
rename Rename a container
给一个容器改名
restart Restart one or more containers
重启一个或多个容器
rm Remove one or more containers
移除一个或多个容器
run Run a command in a new container
在一个新的容器中运行一条指令
start Start one or more stopped containers
启动一个或多个已停止的容器
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
显示一个容器资源使用统计的动态流
stop Stop one or more running containers
停止一个或多个运行中的容器
top Display the running processes of a container
显示一个容器的运行中进程
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
恢复运行一个或多个容器中的所有进程
update Update configuration of one or more containers
更新一个或多个容器的配置
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
等待一个或多个容器停止后，打印它们的退出代码
Run 'docker container COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
运行 'docker container COMMAND --help' 以获取关于一个命令的更多信息。
Docker 官方文档地址：
Reference documentation | Docker DocumentationThis section includes the reference documentation for the Docker platform’s various APIs, CLIs, and file formats.https://docs.docker.com/reference/
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