【Arduino】基于Arduino单片机的小型气象站设计

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
n#include "DHT11.h"
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,A4,A5,A6,A7);//1602
DHT11 myDHT11(2);//温湿度输出引脚
//气压传感器-------------------------
#define BMP180ADD 0x77
// I2C address of BMP180
//write is (0xEE)
read is (0xEF)
unsigned char OSS;
/**********************MSB
LSB******/
int ac1;
// 0xAA
0xAB
int ac2;
// 0xAC
0xAD
int ac3;
// 0xAE
0xAE
unsigned int ac4;
// 0xB0
0xB1
unsigned int ac5;
// 0xB2
0xB3
unsigned int ac6;
// 0xB4
0xB5
int b1;
// 0xB6
0xB7
int b2;
// 0xB8
0xB9
int mb;
// 0xBA
0xBB
int mc;
// 0xBC
0xBD
int md;
// 0xBE
0xBF
float temperature;
double pressure;
double pressure2;
long b5;
double altitude;
//PM2.5---------------------------------------------------------
#define
COV_RATIO
0.2
//ug/mmm / mv
#define
NO_DUST_VOLTAGE
400
//mv
#define
SYS_VOLTAGE
5000
//ADC参考电压
const int vout = 5;
//pm2.5输出引脚
float density, voltage;
int
adcvalue;
int Filter(int m)
{
static int flag_first = 0, _buff[10], sum;
const int _buff_max = 10;
int i;
if(flag_first == 0)
{
flag_first = 1;
for(i = 0, sum = 0; i < _buff_max; i++)
{
_buff[i] = m;
sum += _buff[i];
}
return m;
}
else
{
sum -= _buff[0];
for(i = 0; i < (_buff_max - 1); i++)
{
_buff[i] = _buff[i + 1];
}
_buff[9] = m;
sum += _buff[9];
i = sum / 10.0;
return i;
}
}
//-----------------------------------
void setup(void)
{
lcd.begin(16,2);
//初始化LCD1602
lcd.print("Welcome to use!"); //液晶显示Welcome to use！
delay(1000);
//延时1000ms
lcd.clear();
//液晶清屏
Serial.begin(9600);
//send and receive at 9600 baud
Wire.begin();
OSS = 2;
// Oversampling Setting
0: single
1: 2 times
2: 4 times
3: 8 times
BMP180start();
}
void loop(void)
{
//lcd.clear();
//液晶清屏
Serial.print("---------n");
delayMicroseconds(280);
adcvalue = analogRead(vout);
adcvalue = Filter(adcvalue);
//电压
voltage = (SYS_VOLTAGE / 1024.0) * adcvalue * 11;
if(voltage >= NO_DUST_VOLTAGE)
{
voltage -= NO_DUST_VOLTAGE;
density = voltage * COV_RATIO;
}
else
density = 0;
Serial.print("PM: ");
Serial.print(3*density/100);
Serial.print(" ug/m3n");
lcd.setCursor(8,1);
//设置液晶开始显示的指针位置,1列，2行
lcd.print("PM:"); //液晶显示
lcd.print(3*density/100);
delay(500);
Serial.print("---------n");
myDHT11.DHT11_Read();
//读取温湿度值
Serial.print("HUMI = ");
Serial.print(myDHT11.HUMI_Buffer_Int);
Serial.println(" %RH");
Serial.print("TMEP = ");
Serial.print(myDHT11.TEM_Buffer_Int);
Serial.println(" C");
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
//设置液晶开始显示的指针位置,1列，2行
lcd.print("T:"); //液晶显示
lcd.print(myDHT11.HUMI_Buffer_Int);
lcd.print((char)223);
//液晶显示“°”
lcd.print("C");
//液晶显示“C”
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(7,0);
//设置液晶开始显示的指针位置,1列，2行
lcd.print("H:"); //液晶显示
lcd.print(myDHT11.TEM_Buffer_Int);
lcd.print(" %RH");
//液晶显示“C”
delay(500);
//延时1s
Serial.print("---------n");
calculate();
show();
delay(500);
}
//大气压
/** calculate centure **/
void calculate()
{
temperature = bmp180GetTemperature(bmp180ReadUT());
temperature = temperature*0.1;
pressure = bmp180GetPressure(bmp180ReadUP());
pressure2 = pressure/101325;
pressure2 = pow(pressure2,0.19029496);
altitude = 44330*(1-pressure2);
//altitude = 44330*(1-(pressure/101325)^0.19029496);
}
/** print reslut **/
void show()
{
Serial.print("Temp: ");
Serial.print(temperature, 1);
//10 hexadecimal
Serial.println(" C");
Serial.print("Pressure: ");
Serial.print(pressure, 0);
//10 hexadecimal
Serial.println(" Pa");
Serial.print("altitude:");
Serial.print(altitude);
Serial.println("m");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
//设置液晶开始显示的指针位置,1列，2行
lcd.print("P:"); //液晶显示
lcd.print(pressure/1000.0);
}
/**BMP180 satrt program**/
void BMP180start()
{
/*MSB*/
ac1 = bmp180ReadDate(0xAA);
//get full data
ac2 = bmp180ReadDate(0xAC);
ac3 = bmp180ReadDate(0xAE);
ac4 = bmp180ReadDate(0xB0);
ac5 = bmp180ReadDate(0xB2);
ac6 = bmp180ReadDate(0xB4);
b1
= bmp180ReadDate(0xB6);
b2
= bmp180ReadDate(0xB8);
mb
= bmp180ReadDate(0xBA);
mc
= bmp180ReadDate(0xBC);
md
= bmp180ReadDate(0xBE);
}
/***BMP180 temperature Calculate***/
short bmp180GetTemperature(unsigned int ut)
{
long x1, x2;
x1 = (((long)ut - (long)ac6)*(long)ac5) >> 15;
//x1=((ut-ac6)*ac5)/(2^15)
x2 = ((long)mc << 11)/(x1 + md);
//x2=(mc*2^11)/(x1+md)
b5 = x1 + x2;
//b5=x1+x2
return ((b5 + 8)>>4);
//t=(b5+8)/(2^4)
}
/***BMP180 pressure Calculate***/
long bmp180GetPressure(unsigned long up)
{
long x1, x2, x3, b3, b6, p;
unsigned long b4, b7;
b6 = b5 - 4000;
x1 = (b2 * (b6 * b6)>>12)>>11;
x2 = (ac2 * b6)>>11;
x3 = x1 + x2;
b3 = (((((long)ac1)*4 + x3)<<OSS) + 2)>>2;
x1 = (ac3 * b6)>>13;
x2 = (b1 * ((b6 * b6)>>12))>>16;
x3 = ((x1 + x2) + 2)>>2;
b4 = (ac4 * (unsigned long)(x3 + 32768))>>15;
b7 = ((unsigned long)(up - b3) * (50000>>OSS));
if (b7 < 0x80000000)
p = (b7<<1)/b4;
else
p = (b7/b4)<<1;
x1 = (p>>8) * (p>>8);
x1 = (x1 * 3038)>>16;
x2 = (-7357 * p)>>16;
p += (x1 + x2 + 3791)>>4;
return p;
}
/*** Read 1 bytes from the BMP180
***/
int bmp180Read(unsigned char address)
{
unsigned char data;
Wire.beginTransmission(BMP180ADD);
Wire.write(address);
Wire.endTransmission();
Wire.requestFrom(BMP180ADD, 1);
while(!Wire.available());
return Wire.read();
}
/*** Read 2 bytes from the BMP180 ***/
int bmp180ReadDate(unsigned char address)
{
unsigned char msb, lsb;
Wire.beginTransmission(BMP180ADD);
Wire.write(address);
Wire.endTransmission();
Wire.requestFrom(BMP180ADD, 2);
while(Wire.available()<2);
msb = Wire.read();
lsb = Wire.read();
return (int) msb<<8 | lsb;
}
/*** read uncompensated temperature value ***/
unsigned int bmp180ReadUT()
{
unsigned int ut;
Wire.beginTransmission(BMP180ADD);
Wire.write(0xF4);
// Write 0x2E into Register 0xF4
Wire.write(0x2E);
// This requests a temperature reading
Wire.endTransmission();
delay(5);
// Wait at least 4.5ms
ut = bmp180ReadDate(0xF6);
// read MSB from 0xF6 read LSB from (16 bit)
return ut;
}
/*** Read uncompensated pressure value from BMP180 ***/
unsigned long bmp180ReadUP()
{
unsigned char msb, lsb, xlsb;
unsigned long up = 0;
Wire.beginTransmission(BMP180ADD);
Wire.write(0xF4);
// Write 0x34+(OSS<<6) into register 0xF4
Wire.write(0x34 + (OSS<<6));
// 0x34+oss*64
Wire.endTransmission();
delay(2 + (3<<OSS));
// Wait for conversion, delay time dependent on OSS
Wire.beginTransmission(BMP180ADD);
Wire.write(0xF6);
// Read register 0xF6 (MSB), 0xF7 (LSB), and 0xF8 (XLSB)
Wire.endTransmission();
Wire.requestFrom(BMP180ADD, 3);
while(Wire.available() < 3);
// Wait for data to become available
msb = Wire.read();
lsb = Wire.read();
xlsb = Wire.read();
up = (((unsigned long) msb << 16) | ((unsigned long) lsb << 8) | (unsigned long) xlsb) >> (8-OSS);//16 to 19 bit
return up;
}

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
#include "DHT11.h"
//定义变量
unsigned char HUMI_Buffer_Int = 0;
unsigned char TEM_Buffer_Int = 0;
DHT11::DHT11(int pin)
{
DHT11_DQ = pin;
}
//****************************************************
//初始化DHT11
//****************************************************
void DHT11::DHT11_Init()
{
pinMode(DHT11_DQ,OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(DHT11_DQ,LOW);
//拉低总线，发开始信号；
delay(30);
//延时要大于 18ms，以便 DHT11 能检测到开始信号；
digitalWrite(DHT11_DQ,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(40);
//等待 DHT11 响应；
pinMode(DHT11_DQ,INPUT_PULLUP);
while(digitalRead(DHT11_DQ) == HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(80);
//DHT11 发出响应，拉低总线 80us；
if(digitalRead(DHT11_DQ) == LOW);
delayMicroseconds(80);
//DHT11 拉高总线 80us 后开始发送数据；
}
//****************************************************
//读一个字节DHT11数据
//****************************************************
unsigned char DHT11::DHT11_Read_Byte()
{
unsigned char i,dat = 0;
unsigned int j;
pinMode(DHT11_DQ,INPUT_PULLUP);
delayMicroseconds(2);
for( i=0; i<8; i++)
{
while(digitalRead(DHT11_DQ) == LOW);
//等待 50us；
delayMicroseconds(40);
//判断高电平的持续时间，以判定数据是‘0’还是‘1’；
if(digitalRead(DHT11_DQ) == HIGH)
dat |= (1<<(7-i));
//高位在前，低位在后；
while(digitalRead(DHT11_DQ) == HIGH);
//数据‘1’，等待下一位的接收；
}
return dat;
}
//****************************************************
//读取温湿度值，存放在TEM_Buffer和HUMI_Buffer
//****************************************************
void DHT11::DHT11_Read()
{
DHT11_Init();
HUMI_Buffer_Int = DHT11_Read_Byte();
//读取湿度的整数值
DHT11_Read_Byte();
//读取湿度的小数值
TEM_Buffer_Int = DHT11_Read_Byte();
//读取温度的整数值
DHT11_Read_Byte();
//读取温度的小数值
DHT11_Read_Byte();
//读取校验和
delayMicroseconds(50);
//DHT11拉低总线50us
pinMode(DHT11_DQ,OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(DHT11_DQ,HIGH);
//释放总线
}