概述
内核定时器
定时器就是闹钟,到一定时间就做某些事。时间、做的事情==>超时时间、函数
在includelinuxtimer.h中涉及这些函数:
//设置定时器,主要初始化timer_list结构体,设置其中的函数、参数
#define setup_timer(timer, fn, data)
__setup_timer((timer), (fn), (data), 0)
//向内和添加定时器timer->expires表示超时时间
extern void add_timer(struct timer_list *timer);
//修改定时器的超时时间,等同于del_timer(timer);timer->expires = expires; add_timer(timer);但更高效
extern int mod_timer(struct timer_list *timer, unsigned long expires);
//删除定时器
extern int del_timer(struct timer_list * timer);
定时器时间单位
在内核源码目录下的.config文件中定义了内核每秒钟发生的系统滴答(tick)中断次数,这是Linux系统的心跳。
每发生一次tcik中断,全局变量jiffies就会增加1.
CONFIG_HZ=100意味着每个滴答是10ms发生一次。
定时器的时间就是基于jiffies的,设置定时器的超时时间,一般使用这2中方法:
//1.在add_timer之前修改
timer.expires = jiffies + xxx; //xxx表示多少个滴答后超时,也就是xxx*10ms
timer.expires = jiffies + 2*HZ; //HZ表示CONFIG_HZ,2*HZ就相当于2秒
//2.在add_timer之前,使用mod_timer修改
mod_timer(&timer, jiffies + xxx); //xxx表示多少个滴答后超时,也就是xxx*10ms
mod_timer(&timer, jiffies + 2*HZ); //HZ表示CONFIG_HZ,2*HZ就相当于2秒
使用定时器处理按键防抖
一个按键在开关接触时,它的GPIO电平会反复变化,最后才稳定。一般是几十毫秒才会稳定。
- 在按键中断处理程序中,可以循环判断几十毫秒,发现电平稳定之后再上报。
- 使用定时器
显然第1中方法太耗时,违背“中断尽快处理”的原则。但是如何使用定时器?
核心在于:GPIO发生中断后,使用定时器计时10ms,如果期间又发生了中断就更新定时器,重新计时。
直到定时器超时后,再记录按键信息。
分析
//TIMER_SOFTIRQ软中断的初始化代码
void __init init_timers(void)
{
init_timer_cpus();
init_timer_stats();
timer_register_cpu_notifier();
open_softirq(TIMER_SOFTIRQ, run_timer_softirq); //注册了软中断的处理函数
}
//发生硬件中断后,处理完硬件中断,内核调用软件中断处理函数
static void run_timer_softirq(struct softirq_action *h)
{
struct tvec_base *base = this_cpu_ptr(&tvec_bases);
if (time_after_eq(jiffies, base->timer_jiffies))
__run_timers(base);
}
//add_timer会把timer放入内核某个链表中
//__run_timers会把链表中超时timer取出来,执行其中的函数
//判断超时就是jiffies大于等于timer->expires
static inline void __run_timers(struct tvec_base *base)
{
struct timer_list *timer;
spin_lock_irq(&base->lock);
while (time_after_eq(jiffies, base->timer_jiffies)) {
//....
hlist_move_list(base->tv1.vec + index, head);
while (!hlist_empty(head)) {
void (*fn)(unsigned long);
unsigned long data;
bool irqsafe;
timer = hlist_entry(head->first, struct timer_list, entry);
fn = timer->function;
data = timer->data;
irqsafe = timer->flags & TIMER_IRQSAFE;
timer_stats_account_timer(timer);
base->running_timer = timer;
detach_expired_timer(timer, base);
if (irqsafe) {
spin_unlock(&base->lock);
call_timer_fn(timer, fn, data);
spin_lock(&base->lock);
} else {
spin_unlock_irq(&base->lock);
call_timer_fn(timer, fn, data);
spin_lock_irq(&base->lock);
}
}
}
base->running_timer = NULL;
spin_unlock_irq(&base->lock);
}
内核的timer,高效找到超时timer,可以参考这个文章
源码
button_timer.c
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/irqreturn.h>
#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>
struct gpio_key {
int gpio;
struct gpio_desc *gpiod;
int flag;
int irq;
struct timer_list timer;
};
static struct gpio_key *myBtn_key;
static int button_major = 0;
static struct class *button_class;
static struct fasync_struct *btn_async;
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(gpio_key_wait);
#define MaxSize 128
struct QNode {
int Data[MaxSize];
int rear;
int front;
};
typedef struct QNode *Queue;
int IsEmpty(Queue Q);
void AddQ(Queue PtrQ, int item);
int DeleteQ(Queue PtrQ);
int IsEmpty(Queue Q)
{
return (Q->rear == Q->front); //1:empty 0:not empty
}
void AddQ(Queue PtrQ, int item)
{
if((PtrQ->rear+1)%MaxSize == PtrQ->front) {
printk("%s,Queue fulln", __FUNCTION__);
return;
}
PtrQ->rear = (PtrQ->rear+1)%MaxSize;
PtrQ->Data[PtrQ->rear] = item;
}
int DeleteQ(Queue PtrQ)
{
if(PtrQ->front == PtrQ->rear) {
printk("%s,Queue emptyn", __FUNCTION__);
return -1;
} else {
PtrQ->front = (PtrQ->front+1)%MaxSize;
return PtrQ->Data[PtrQ->front];
}
}
static Queue irqBuff;
static ssize_t button_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
int err;
int val;
if(IsEmpty(irqBuff) && (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)) {
return -EAGAIN;
}
wait_event_interruptible(gpio_key_wait, !IsEmpty(irqBuff));
val = DeleteQ(irqBuff);
err = copy_to_user(buf, &val, 4);
// if(err != 4) {
// return -1;
// }
return 4;
}
static unsigned int button_poll(struct file *fp, poll_table * wait)
{
printk("%s,button polln", __FUNCTION__);
poll_wait(fp, &gpio_key_wait, wait);
return IsEmpty(irqBuff) ? 0 : POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
}
int button_fasync(int fd, struct file *file, int on)
{
if(fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &btn_async) >= 0)
return 0;
else
return -EIO;
}
static struct file_operations button_ops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = button_read,
.poll = button_poll,
.fasync = button_fasync,
};
static irqreturn_t myBtn_irq_request(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct gpio_key *gpio_key = dev_id;
printk(KERN_WARNING"myBtn_irq_request key %d irq happenedn", gpio_key->gpio);
mod_timer(&gpio_key->timer, jiffies + HZ/50);
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
static void myBtn_timer(unsigned long data)
{
struct gpio_key *gpio_key = (struct gpio_key*)data;
int val;
val = gpiod_get_value(gpio_key->gpiod);
printk(KERN_WARNING"key %d %dn", gpio_key->gpio, val);
val = (myBtn_key->gpio << 8)|val;
AddQ(irqBuff, val);
wake_up_interruptible(&gpio_key_wait);
kill_fasync(&btn_async, SIGIO, POLLIN);
}
static int my_button_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;
int count;
enum of_gpio_flags flag;
int i, err;
count = of_gpio_count(node);
if(!count) {
printk("%s,there isn't any gpio availiablen", __FUNCTION__);
return -1;
}
myBtn_key = (struct gpio_key*)kzalloc(sizeof(struct gpio_key)*count, GFP_KERNEL);
if(!myBtn_key) {
printk("%s,kzalloc malloc failedn", __FUNCTION__);
return -1;
}
for(i=0;i<count;i++) {
myBtn_key[i].gpio = of_get_gpio_flags(node, i, &flag);
if(myBtn_key[i].gpio < 0) {
printk("%s, of_get_gpio_flags failedn", __FUNCTION__);
return -1;
}
myBtn_key[i].gpiod = gpio_to_desc(myBtn_key[i].gpio);
myBtn_key[i].flag = flag & OF_GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW;
myBtn_key[i].irq = gpio_to_irq(myBtn_key[i].gpio);
setup_timer(&myBtn_key[i].timer, myBtn_timer, (unsigned long)&myBtn_key[i]);
myBtn_key[i].timer.expires = ~0;
err = request_irq(myBtn_key[i].irq, myBtn_irq_request, IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING,
"myBtn_key", &myBtn_key[i]);
}
button_major = register_chrdev(0, "mybutton", &button_ops);
if (button_major < 0) {
printk(KERN_ERR "button : couldn't get a major number.n");
return -1;
}
button_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "button_class");
if(IS_ERR(button_class)) {
printk(KERN_ERR "button class: create failedn");
unregister_chrdev(button_major, "mybutton");
return -1;
}
device_create(button_class, NULL, MKDEV(button_major, 0), NULL, "mybutton%d", 0);
return 0;
}
static int my_button_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
struct device_node *node= pdev->dev.of_node;
int count;
int i;
device_destroy(button_class, MKDEV(button_major, 0));
class_destroy(button_class);
unregister_chrdev(button_major, "mybutton");
count = of_gpio_count(node);
for(i=0;i<count;i++) {
free_irq(myBtn_key[i].irq, &myBtn_key[i]);
del_timer(&myBtn_key[i].timer);
}
kfree(myBtn_key);
return 0;
}
static struct of_device_id mybuttons[] = {
{ .compatible = "mybtn,btn_drv" },
{ },
};
static struct platform_driver my_button_driver = {
.probe = my_button_probe,
.remove = my_button_remove,
.driver = {
.name = "button_dirver",
.of_match_table = mybuttons,
},
};
static int gpio_button_init(void)
{
int err;
irqBuff = (Queue)kzalloc(sizeof(struct QNode), GFP_KERNEL);
err = platform_driver_register(&my_button_driver);
printk(KERN_WARNING"my button dirver initn");
return 0;
}
static void gpio_button_exit(void)
{
platform_driver_unregister(&my_button_driver);
kfree(irqBuff);
printk(KERN_WARNING"my button dirver exitn");
}
module_init(gpio_button_init);
module_exit(gpio_button_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
最后
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