【云原生】k8s 一键部署（ansible）

一、概述

前面我写了关于k8s环境部署的几篇文章，k8s部署还是比较麻烦的，所以是有必要考虑一键部署的方案，这里借助ansible playbook来实现k8s环境的一键部署，实现快速部署的目的。关于k8s传统部署详细过程可以参考我以下几篇文章：

• Kubernetes（k8s）安装以及搭建k8s-Dashboard详解
• Kubernetes（k8s）最新版最完整版环境部署+master高可用实现（k8sV1.24.1+dashboard+harbor）

关于Ansible的介绍可以参考我以下几篇文章：

• Ansible 介绍与实战操作演示
• Ansible playbook 讲解与实战操作

节点信息

k8s 架构图：

ansible部署流程图：

二、Ansible 部署

yum -y install epel-release
yum -y install ansible
ansible --version

1）开启记录日志

配置文件：/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg

vi /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg  
# 去掉前面的'#'号
#log_path = /var/log/ansible.log ==> log_path = /var/log/ansible.log

2）去掉第一次连接ssh ask确认

vi /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg  
# 其实就是把#去掉
# host_key_checking = False  ==> host_key_checking = False

3）配置hosts

配置文件：/etc/ansible/hosts

[master1]
192.168.182.110

[master2]
192.168.182.111
192.168.182.112

[node]
192.168.182.113

[k8s:children]
master1
master2
node

[k8s:vars]
ansible_ssh_user=root
ansible_ssh_pass=1331301116
ansible_ssh_port=22
# k8s 版本
k8s_version=1.23.6

测试连通性

ansible k8s -m ping

三、开始编排 ansible playbook

1）创建目录

mkdir -pv ./install-k8s/{init,install-docker,install-k8s,master-init,install-cni,install-ipvs,master-join,node-join,install-ingress-nginx,install-nfs-provisioner,install-harbor,install-metrics-server,uninstall-k8s}/{files,templates,vars,tasks,handlers,meta,default}

2）节点初始化

• 准备install-k8s/init/files/hosts文件

192.168.182.110 local-168-182-110
192.168.182.111 local-168-182-111
192.168.182.112 local-168-182-112
192.168.182.113 local-168-182-113

• 准备脚本install-k8s/init/templates/init.sh，内容如下：

#!/usr/bin/env bash

### 【第一步】修改主机名
# 获取主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname $(grep `hostname -i` /tmp/hosts|awk '{print $2}')


### 【第二步】配置hosts
# 先删除
for line in `cat /tmp/hosts`
do
    sed -i "/$line/d" /etc/hosts
done
# 追加
cat /tmp/hosts >> /etc/hosts


### 【第三步】添加互信
# 先创建秘钥对
ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P '' -q

# 安装expect
yum -y install expect -y

# 批量推送公钥
for line in `cat /tmp/hosts`
do

ip=`echo $line|awk '{print $1}'`
password={{ ansible_ssh_pass }}

expect <<-EOF

spawn ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub $ip
expect {
    "(yes/no)?"
    {
        send "yesn"
        expect "*assword:" { send "$passwordn"}
    }
    "*assword:"
    {
        send "$passwordn"
    }
}

expect eof
EOF
done


### 【第四步】时间同步
yum install chrony -y
systemctl start chronyd
systemctl enable chronyd
chronyc sources


### 【第五步】关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld


### 【第六步】关闭swap
# 临时关闭；关闭swap主要是为了性能考虑
swapoff -a
# 永久关闭
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab


### 【第七步】禁用SELinux
# 临时关闭
setenforce 0
# 永久禁用
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config


### 【第八步】允许 iptables 检查桥接流量
sudo modprobe br_netfilter
lsmod | grep br_netfilter

# 先删
rm -rf /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

sudo modprobe overlay
sudo modprobe br_netfilter

rm -rf /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
# 设置所需的 sysctl 参数，参数在重新启动后保持不变
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
EOF

# 应用 sysctl 参数而不重新启动
sudo sysctl --system

• 任务编排 install-k8s/init/tasks/main.yml

- name: cp hosts
  copy: src=hosts dest=/tmp/hosts
- name: init cp
  template: src=init.sh dest=/tmp/init.sh
- name: init install
  shell: sh /tmp/init.sh

3）安装 docker

• install-k8s/install-docker/files/install-docker.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

### 安装docker
# 配置yum源
cd /etc/yum.repos.d ; mkdir bak; mv CentOS-Linux-* bak/
# centos7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
# centos8
# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo

# 安装yum-config-manager配置工具
yum -y install yum-utils
# 设置yum源
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 安装docker-ce版本
yum install -y docker-ce

# 启动并开机自启
systemctl enable --now docker

# Docker镜像源设置
# 修改文件 /etc/docker/daemon.json，没有这个文件就创建
# 添加以下内容后，重启docker服务：
cat >/etc/docker/daemon.json<<EOF
{
   "registry-mirrors": ["http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"],
    "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF
# 重启
systemctl restart docker

# 查看
systemctl status docker containerd

• 任务编排 install-k8s/install-docker/tasks/main.yml

- name: install docker cp
  copy: src=install-docker.sh dest=/tmp/install-docker.sh
- name: install docker
  shell: sh /tmp/install-docker.sh

4）安装 k8s 相关组件

• install-k8s/install-k8s/templates/install-k8s.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# 检查是否已经安装
yum list installed kubelet
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
   exit 0
fi

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[k8s]
name=k8s
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
EOF

# disableexcludes=kubernetes：禁掉除了这个kubernetes之外的别的仓库
yum install -y kubelet-{{ k8s_version }} kubeadm-{{ k8s_version }} kubectl-{{ k8s_version }} --disableexcludes=kubernetes

# 设置为开机自启并现在立刻启动服务 --now：立刻启动服务
systemctl enable --now kubelet

# 查看状态，这里需要等待一段时间再查看服务状态，启动会有点慢
systemctl status kubelet

# 提前下载好
docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v{{ k8s_version }}
docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v{{ k8s_version }}
docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v{{ k8s_version }}
docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v{{ k8s_version }}
docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6
docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.1-0
docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.6

• 任务编排 install-k8s/install-k8s/tasks/main.yml

- name: install k8s cp
  template: src=install-k8s.sh dest=/tmp/install-k8s.sh
- name: install k8s
  shell: sh /tmp/install-k8s.sh

5）k8s master节点初始化

• install-k8s/master-init/templates/master-init.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# 判断是否已经初始化了
kubectl get nodes |grep -q `hostname` 1>&2 >/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
   exit 0
fi

ip=`hostname -i`

kubeadm init 
  --apiserver-advertise-address=$ip 
  --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers 
  --kubernetes-version v{{ k8s_version }} 
  --control-plane-endpoint=$ip 
  --service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 
  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 
  --v=5

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
rm -rf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

• 任务编排 install-k8s/master-init/tasks/main.yml

- name: k8s master init cp
  template: src=master-init.sh dest=/tmp/master-init.sh
- name: k8s master init
  shell: sh /tmp/master-init.sh

6）安装 CNI（flannel）

• install-k8s/install-cni/files/install-flannel.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# 去掉master污点
kubectl taint nodes `hostname` node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule- 2>/dev/null
kubectl taint nodes `hostname` node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoSchedule- 2>/dev/null

# For Kubernetes v1.17+
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flannel-io/flannel/v0.20.2/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

# 查看
kubectl get all -n kube-flannel

# 持续检查
while true
do
   kubectl get pods -n kube-flannel|grep -q '0/1'
   if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
      echo "flannel started"
      break
    else
      echo "flannel starting..."
    fi
    sleep 1
done

• 任务编排 install-k8s/install-cni/tasks/main.yml

- name: install cni flannel cp
  copy: src=install-flannel.sh dest=/tmp/install-flannel.sh
- name: install cni flannel
  shell: sh /tmp/install-flannel.sh

7）master 节点加入k8s集群

• install-k8s/master-join/files/master-join.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# 获取master ip，假设都是第一个节点为master
# 证如果过期了，可以使用下面命令生成新证书上传，这里会打印出certificate key，后面会用到
maser_ip=`head -1 /tmp/hosts |awk '{print $1}'`

# 判断节点是否加入
ssh $maser_ip "kubectl get nodes|grep -q `hostname`"
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
	exit 0
fi

CERT_KEY=`ssh $maser_ip "kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs|tail -1"`

join_str=`ssh $maser_ip kubeadm token create --print-join-command`

$( echo $join_str " --control-plane --certificate-key $CERT_KEY --v=5")

# 拿到上面打印的命令在需要添加的节点上执行

# --control-plane 标志通知 kubeadm join 创建一个新的控制平面。加入master必须加这个标记
# --certificate-key ... 将导致从集群中的 kubeadm-certs Secret 下载控制平面证书并使用给定的密钥进行解密。这里的值就是上面这个命令（kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs）打印出的key。

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

# 去掉master污点
kubectl taint nodes `hostname` node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule- 2>/dev/null
kubectl taint nodes `hostname` node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoSchedule- 2>/dev/null

• 任务编排 install-k8s/master-join/tasks/main.yml

- name: master join cp
  copy: src=master-join.sh dest=/tmp/master-join.sh
- name: master join
  shell: sh /tmp/master-join.sh

8）node 节点加入k8s集群

• install-k8s/node-join/files/node-join.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# 获取master ip，假设都是第一个节点为master
maser_ip=`head -1 /tmp/hosts |awk '{print $1}'`

# 判断节点是否加入
ssh $maser_ip "kubectl get nodes|grep -q `hostname`"
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
	exit 0
fi

CERT_KEY=`ssh $maser_ip "kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs|tail -1"`

join_str=`ssh $maser_ip kubeadm token create --print-join-command`

$( echo $join_str " --certificate-key $CERT_KEY --v=5")

• 任务编排 install-k8s/node-join/tasks/main.yml

- name: node join cp
  copy: src=node-join.yaml dest=/tmp/node-join.yaml
- name: node join
  shell: sh /tmp/node-join.yaml

9）安装 ingress-nginx

• install-k8s/install-ingress-nginx/files/ingress-nginx.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/controller-v1.2.0/deploy/static/provider/cloud/deploy.yaml -O /tmp/deploy.yaml

# 可以先把镜像下载，再安装
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/nginx-ingress-controller:v1.2.0
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.1.1

kubectl apply -f /tmp/deploy.yaml

• 任务编排 install-k8s/install-ingress-nginx/tasks/main.yml

- name: ingress-nginx deploy cp
  copy: src=deploy.yaml dest=/tmp/deploy.yaml
- name: install ingress-nginx cp
  copy: src=ingress-nginx.sh dest=/tmp/ingress-nginx.sh
- name: install ingress-nginx
  shell: sh /tmp/ingress-nginx.sh

10）安装 nfs 共享存储

• install-k8s/install-nfs-provisioner/files/nfs-provisioner.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

### 安装helm
# 下载包
wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.7.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz -O /tmp/helm-v3.7.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# 解压压缩包
tar -xf /tmp/helm-v3.7.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /root/
# 制作软连接
rm -rf /usr/local/bin/helm
ln -s /root/linux-amd64/helm /usr/local/bin/helm

# 判断是否已经部署
helm list -n nfs-provisioner|grep -q nfs-provisioner
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
   exit 0
fi

### 开始安装nfs-provisioner
# 添加helm仓库源
helm repo add nfs-subdir-external-provisioner https://kubernetes-sigs.github.io/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner/

#### 安装nfs
yum -y install  nfs-utils rpcbind

# 服务端
mkdir -p /opt/nfsdata
# 授权共享目录
chmod 666 /opt/nfsdata
cat > /etc/exports<<EOF
/opt/nfsdata *(rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash,sync)
EOF
# 配置生效
exportfs -r

systemctl enable --now rpcbind
systemctl enable --now nfs-server

# 客户端
for line in `cat /tmp/hosts`
do
    ip=`echo $line|awk '{print $1}'`
    master_ip=`head -1 /tmp/hosts|awk '{print $1}'`
    if [ "$ip" != "$master_ip" ];then
       ssh $ip "yum -y install rpcbind"
       ssh $ip "systemctl enable --now rpcbind"
    fi
done

### helm安装nfs provisioner
ip=`hostname -i`
helm install nfs-subdir-external-provisioner nfs-subdir-external-provisioner/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner 
  --namespace=nfs-provisioner 
  --create-namespace 
  --set image.repository=willdockerhub/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner 
  --set image.tag=v4.0.2 
  --set replicaCount=2 
  --set storageClass.name=nfs-client 
  --set storageClass.defaultClass=true 
  --set nfs.server=${ip} 
  --set nfs.path=/opt/nfsdata

# 查看
kubectl get pods,deploy,sc -n nfs-provisioner

# 持续检查
while true
do
   kubectl get pods -n nfs-provisioner|grep -q '0/1'
   if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
      echo "nfs-provisioner started"
      break
    else
      echo "nfs-provisioner starting..."
    fi
    sleep 1
done

• 任务编排 install-k8s/install-nfs-provisioner/tasks/main.yml

- name: install nfs-provisioner cp
  copy: src=nfs-provisioner.sh dest=/tmp/nfs-provisioner.sh
- name: install nfs-provisioner
  shell: sh /tmp/nfs-provisioner.sh

11）k8s 环境安装编排 roles

• install-k8s.yaml

- hosts: k8s
  remote_user: root
  roles:
    - init
- hosts: k8s
  remote_user: root
  roles:
    - install-docker
- hosts: k8s
  remote_user: root
  roles:
    - install-k8s
- hosts: master1
  remote_user: root
  roles:
    - master-init
- hosts: master1
  remote_user: root
  roles:
    - install-cni
- hosts: master2
  remote_user: root
  roles:
    - master-join
- hosts: node
  remote_user: root
  roles:
    - node-join
- hosts: master1
  remote_user: root
  roles:
    - install-ingress-nginx
- hosts: master1
  remote_user: root
  roles:
    - install-nfs-provisioner

执行安装

# 可以加上-vvv显示更多信息
ansible-playbook install-k8s.yaml
kubectl get nodes
kubectl get pods -A

12）k8s 环境卸载

• install-k8s/uninstall-k8s/files/uninstall-k8s.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

expect <<-EOF

spawn kubeadm reset
expect "*y/N*"
send "yn"
expect eof

EOF

rm -rf /etc/kubernetes/*
rm -fr ~/.kube
rm -fr /var/lib/etcd

• 任务编排 install-k8s/uninstall-k8s/tasks/main.yaml

- name: uninstall k8s cp
  copy: src=uninstall-k8s.sh dest=/tmp/uninstall-k8s.sh
- name: uninstall k8s
  shell: sh /tmp/uninstall-k8s.sh

13）k8s 环境卸载编排 roles

• uninstall-k8s.yaml

- hosts: k8s
  remote_user: root
  roles:
    - uninstall-k8s

执行卸载

ansible-playbook uninstall-k8s.yaml

温馨提示：

• 其实创建目录结构可以通过ansible-galaxy工具，也可以通过这个工具安装在线别人编排好的包，非常方便的。

• 这里只是验证了k8s V1.23.6版本的，其它高版本和低版本后续会继续完善验证，还有就是如果执行脚本的话，可以将copy和shell模块并用一个script模块，编排就会变更更简洁，其实script内部也是先copy文件，执行完后会清理。

k8s 一键部署（ansible）就先到这里了，后续会继续完善，增加其它组件和验证其它版本，让部署k8s环境变得更简单方便。关注我的公众号【大数据与云原生技术分享】，回复 k8s，即可获取下载地址。

最后

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