概述
- wss://echo.websocket.org
这是国外一个专门用来测试 WebSocket 的网站，同样也支持在线测试----测试地址 websocket-test.com
正文开始
最近做这个扫码点餐来消息功能，。即时通讯（Instant Messaging）最重要的毫无疑问就是即时，不能有明显的延迟，要实现IM的功能其实并不难，目前有很多第三方，比如极光的JMessage，都比较容易实现。但是如果项目有特殊要求（如不能使用外网），那就得自己做了，所以我们需要使用WebSocket
WebSocket
简而言之，它就是一个可以建立长连接的全双工(full-duplex)通信协议，允许服务器端主动发送信息给客户端。
1.首先需要在AndroidManifest.xml中开启一个服务：
<!-- 后台服务-长连接 -->
<service android:name=".service.BackService" />
2.写一个类BackService继承Service：
public class BackService extends Service{
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
}
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
}
3.在BackService的onCreate()方法中开启一个线程：
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
new InitSocketThread().start();
}
class InitSocketThread extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
try {
initSocket();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 心跳检测时间
*/
private static final long HEART_BEAT_RATE = 15 * 1000;//每隔15秒进行一次对长连接的心跳检测
private static final String WEBSOCKET_HOST_AND_PORT = "ws://xxx:9501";//可替换为自己的主机名和端口号
private WebSocket mWebSocket;
// 初始化socket
private void initSocket() throws UnknownHostException, IOException {
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder().readTimeout(0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS).build();
Request request = new Request.Builder().url(WEBSOCKET_HOST_AND_PORT).build();
client.newWebSocket(request, new WebSocketListener() {
@Override
public void onOpen(WebSocket webSocket, Response response) {//开启长连接成功的回调
super.onOpen(webSocket, response);
mWebSocket = webSocket;
}
@Override
public void onMessage(WebSocket webSocket, String text) {//接收消息的回调
super.onMessage(webSocket, text);
//收到服务器端传过来的消息text
}
@Override
public void onMessage(WebSocket webSocket, ByteString bytes) {
super.onMessage(webSocket, bytes);
}
@Override
public void onClosing(WebSocket webSocket, int code, String reason) {
super.onClosing(webSocket, code, reason);
}
@Override
public void onClosed(WebSocket webSocket, int code, String reason) {
super.onClosed(webSocket, code, reason);
}
@Override
public void onFailure(WebSocket webSocket, Throwable t, @Nullable Response response) {//长连接连接失败的回调
super.onFailure(webSocket, t, response);
}
});
client.dispatcher().executorService().shutdown();
mHandler.postDelayed(heartBeatRunnable, HEART_BEAT_RATE);//开启心跳检测
}
4.开启心跳检测：
private long sendTime = 0L;
// 发送心跳包
private Handler mHandler = new Handler();
private Runnable heartBeatRunnable = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
if (System.currentTimeMillis() - sendTime >= HEART_BEAT_RATE) {
boolean isSuccess = mWebSocket.send("");//发送一个空消息给服务器，通过发送消息的成功失败来判断长连接的连接状态
if (!isSuccess) {//长连接已断开
mHandler.removeCallbacks(heartBeatRunnable);
mWebSocket.cancel();//取消掉以前的长连接
new InitSocketThread().start();//创建一个新的连接
} else {//长连接处于连接状态
}
sendTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
mHandler.postDelayed(this, HEART_BEAT_RATE);//每隔一定的时间，对长连接进行一次心跳检测
}
};
5.当BackService关闭时，关闭掉长连接：
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
if (mWebSocket != null) {
mWebSocket.close(1000, null);
}
}
以下是BackService完整代码
import android.app.Application;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.Log;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONException;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.jydp.smdc.main.app.EventMainBack;
import com.jydp.smdc.main.app.TzApplication;
import com.jydp.smdc.main.fragment.takemoney.entity.EventTab1;
import com.jydp.smdc.main.fragment.takemoney.entity.EventTabBack;
import com.jydp.smdc.util.ISharedPreference;
import org.greenrobot.eventbus.EventBus;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;
import okhttp3.WebSocket;
import okhttp3.WebSocketListener;
import okio.ByteString;
/**
*/
public class BackService extends Service {
public Application application;
public Context context;
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
private InitSocketThread thread;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
if (mWebSocket != null) {
mWebSocket.close(1000, null);
}
new InitSocketThread().start();
application= TzApplication.getInstance();//这个是application，需要在功能清单里面的--android:name=".main.app.TzApplication"
context=TzApplication.getInstance();
Log.e("TAG","onCreate------------*************-------------");
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
/**
* 心跳检测时间
*/
private static final long HEART_BEAT_RATE = 10 * 1000;//每隔10秒进行一次对长连接的心跳检测
private final String WEBSOCKET_HOST_AND_PORT = "这个是你的websocket的地址，可以是ws，也可以是wss";//可替换为自己的主机名和端口号
private WebSocket mWebSocket;
// 初始化socket
private void initSocket() throws UnknownHostException, IOException {
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder().readTimeout(0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS).build();
Request request = new Request.Builder().url(WEBSOCKET_HOST_AND_PORT).build();
client.newWebSocket(request, new WebSocketListener() {
@Override
public void onOpen(WebSocket webSocket, Response response) {//开启长连接成功的回调
super.onOpen(webSocket, response);
mWebSocket = webSocket;
}
@Override
public void onMessage(WebSocket webSocket, String text) {//接收消息的回调
super.onMessage(webSocket, text);
//收到服务器端传过来的消息text
Log.e("TAG", "接收消息的回调--------------"+text);
try {
//这个是解析你的回调数据
JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(text);
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onMessage(WebSocket webSocket, ByteString bytes) {
super.onMessage(webSocket, bytes);
}
@Override
public void onClosing(WebSocket webSocket, int code, String reason) {
super.onClosing(webSocket, code, reason);
}
@Override
public void onClosed(WebSocket webSocket, int code, String reason) {
super.onClosed(webSocket, code, reason);
}
@Override
public void onFailure(WebSocket webSocket, Throwable t, @Nullable Response response) {//长连接连接失败的回调
super.onFailure(webSocket, t, response);
}
});
client.dispatcher().executorService().shutdown();
mHandler.postDelayed(heartBeatRunnable, HEART_BEAT_RATE);//开启心跳检测
}
class InitSocketThread extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
try {
initSocket();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private long sendTime = 0L;
// 发送心跳包
private Handler mHandler = new Handler();
private Runnable heartBeatRunnable = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
if (System.currentTimeMillis() - sendTime >= HEART_BEAT_RATE) {
if(mWebSocket!=null) {
boolean isSuccess = mWebSocket.send("这个是发给后台服务器的消息，根据要求自定义");//发送一个消息给服务器，通过发送消息的成功失败来判断长连接的连接状态
if (!isSuccess) {//长连接已断开，
Log.e("TAG", "发送心跳包-------------长连接已断开");
mHandler.removeCallbacks(heartBeatRunnable);
mWebSocket.cancel();//取消掉以前的长连接
new InitSocketThread().start();//创建一个新的连接
} else {//长连接处于连接状态---
Log.e("TAG", "发送心跳包-------------长连接处于连接状态");
}
}
sendTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
mHandler.postDelayed(this, HEART_BEAT_RATE);//每隔一定的时间，对长连接进行一次心跳检测
}
};
//关闭长连接
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
if (mWebSocket != null) {
mWebSocket.close(1000, null);
}
}
}
//在你想要长连接的地方连接
public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity {
@Override
protected Activity getChildActivity() {
return this;
}
@Override
protected int getLayoutId() {
return R.layout.activity_main;
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//开启长连接
startService();
}
private void startService() {
Intent intent1 = new Intent(MainActivity.this, BackService.class);
stopService(intent1);
Log.e("TAG", "stop----");
Intent intent2 = new Intent(MainActivity.this, BackService.class);
startService(intent2);
}
}
添加权限<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"></uses-permission>
添加在build.gradle
implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.5.0'
implementation files('libs/fastjson-1.1.45.jar')
libs中
fastjson-1.1.45.jar
参考博主的
Android通过WebSocket建立一个长连接（带心跳检测）从服务器端接收消息_u010257931的博客-CSDN博客_android websocket长连接
最后
以上就是简单机器猫为你收集整理的android接入简单的websocket步骤,建立一个长连接（带心跳检测）从服务器端接收消息的全部内容，希望文章能够帮你解决android接入简单的websocket步骤,建立一个长连接（带心跳检测）从服务器端接收消息所遇到的程序开发问题。
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