Zigbee专业术语

1.Application Layer (APL)

Highest protocol layer in the Zigbee wireless network. Consists of the APD, ZDO layers and the application framework.

Zigbee无线网络的最高协议层。由APD、ZDO层和应用程序框架组成。

2.Application Support Sub-Layer (APS)

The application support sublayer provides an interface between the network layer (NWK) and the application layer (APL). Supports two types of services: data and management.

应用程序支持子层提供了网络层(NWK)和应用程序层(APL)之间的接口。支持两种类型的服务:数据和管理。

3.Attributes

An attribute is data that is associated with a cluster end and the server / client ends of a cluster may each possess multiple attributes. These are modified or communicated through commands.

属性是与集群端关联的数据，集群的服务器端/客户机端可以具有多个属性。它们通过命令进行修改或通信。

4.Attribute Reporting

When the value of an attribute changes, the device can notify other devices. Notifications are sent to all devices with a binding to that cluster on the device in question.

当属性的值发生变化时，设备可以通知其他设备。将通知发送到所有设备，并将其绑定到相关设备上的集群。

5.Beacons 

In our Zigbee network, Routers periodically transmit beacons to confirm their presence to other network nodes.

在我们的Zigbee网络中，路由器定期向其他网络节点发送信标，以确认它们的存在。

6.Binding

Once devices are on a network, they can perform binding. This is where devices create bindings to establish application layer links. For example, an On/Off switch may perform binding to create a binding to an On/Off Light.

设备一旦进入网络，就可以执行绑定。这是设备创建绑定以建立应用程序层链接的地方。例如，开/关开关可以执行绑定来创建到开/关灯的绑定。

7.Channel

Zigbee uses the same channel set as specified in 802.15.4. In the 2.4 GHz band, these channels are numbered 11 through 26. Channel numbers 0 through 10 are defined by the sub-1 GHz 802.15.4 radios, but Zigbee (at least to date), doesn't run on the sub-1 GHz radios.

Zigbee使用802.15.4中指定的相同通道集。在2.4 GHz频段，这些通道的编号为11到26。频道号0到10由sub-1 GHz 802.15.4收音机定义，但是Zigbee(至少到目前为止)不运行在sub-1 GHz收音机上。

8.Commands

Commands are used to interact with attributes such as reading and writing. Typically after an operation commands the cluster end that received the command will return a corresponding response.

命令用于与诸如读写之类的属性交互。通常，在操作命令之后，接收该命令的集群端将返回相应的响应。

9.Coordinator

A Zigbee coordinator (ZC) controls the network and is responsible for forming the network. A coordinator is a router with some additional functionality. The Zigbee coordinator functionality includes selecting the channel to form the network on after scanning for the best network and selecting an extended PAN ID. After forming the network, the coordinator acts as a router.For most applications the Coordinator has additional roles such as being the trust center and network manager. The trust center manages the security settings and authorizations for the network. The network manager monitors and corrects network issues such as PAN ID conflicts or channel changing due to interference.

Zigbee协调器(ZC)控制网络并负责形成网络。协调器是具有一些附加功能的路由器。Zigbee协调器的功能包括扫描最佳网络后选择通道形成网络，并选择扩展的PAN ID，形成网络后协调器充当路由器。对于大多数应用程序，协调器具有附加的角色，比如作为信任中心和网络管理器。信任中心管理网络的安全设置和授权。网络管理器监视和

10.End Device (ED)

End devices (ZED) are leaf nodes. They communicate only through their parent nodes and, unlike router devices, cannot relay messages intended for other nodes.

终端设备(ZED)是叶节点。它们只通过父节点进行通信，而且与路由器设备不同，它们不能传递针对其他节点的消息。

11.Extended PAN ID (EPID)

8 byte extended PAN ID. Extension to the regular 16-bit PAN ID added to facilitate provisioning and PAN ID conflict detection. 

扩展到常规16位的PAN ID，以方便配置和PAN ID冲突检测。

12.PAN ID

Personal Area Network Identification. Identifies a network and differentiates it from other networks.

个人区域网络识别。识别网络并将其与其他网络区分开来。

13.Medium Access Control layer (MAC) 

Responsible for generating beacons and synchronizing the device to the beacons(in a beacon enabled network). Also provides association and disassociation services.

负责生成信标并将设备同步到信标(在启用信标的网络中)。还提供关联和解除关联服务。

14.Mobile End Device

A sleepy end device with enhanced capabilities that enable it to change its physical location and quickly switch to a new parent router. This device type is a Silicon Labs modification to the basic Zigbee sleepy end device to provide added capabilities and management of mobile devices.

休眠终端设备，具有增强的功能，使其能够更改物理位置，并快速切换到新的父路由器。该设备类型是硅实验室对基本Zigbee休眠端设备的修改，以提供移动设备的附加功能和管理。

15.Message Integrity Code

AES-128 is used to create a hash of the entire network portion of the message (header and payload), which is appended to the end of the message. This hash is known as the Message Integrity Code (MIC)

AES-128用于创建消息的整个网络部分(报头和有效负载)的散列，该散列附加到消息的末尾。这个散列称为消息完整性代码(MIC)

16.Network Dissolve

Term used to describe the action whereby the coordinator on a network issues a leave request to itself thereby dissolving the network. Existing devices on the network will no longer be able to communicate.

用于描述网络上的协调器向自身发出休假请求从而解散网络的操作的术语。网络上现有的设备将不再能够通信。

17.Network Layer (NWK)

The NWK layer is responsible for managing the network formation and Routing. Interfaces between the MAC and APL

NWK层负责管理网络的形成和路由。MAC和APL之间的接口

18.Network Leave

Term used to describe the action whereby the coordinator on a network issues a leave request to itself thereby dissolving the network. Existing devices on the network will no longer be able to communicate.

用于描述网络上的协调器向自身发出休假请求从而解散网络的操作的术语。网络上现有的设备将不再能够通信。

19.Network Manager

The network manager monitors and corrects network issues such as PAN ID conflicts or Channel changing due to interference.

网络管理器监视和纠正网络问题，如PAN ID冲突或由于干扰导致的通道更改。

20.Over the Air (OTA)

Mechanism that allows devices to interact and be upgraded via wireless signals rather than a serial connection. 

允许设备通过无线信号而不是串行连接进行交互和升级的机制。

21.Non-Sleepy End Device

Does not route messages for other devices but they remain powered during operation. These devices are known as Rx-on-when-idle devices. This is a standard Zigbee device type.

不为其他设备路由消息，但它们在运行期间仍处于通电状态。这些设备称为Rx-on-when-idle设备。这是一个标准的Zigbee设备类型。

22.Routing

Routing is the process of selecting the path through which the messages will be relayed to its destination device. The coordinator and routers are responsible for discovering and maintaining the routes in the network.

路由是选择将消息转发到其目标设备的路径的过程。协调器和路由器负责发现和维护网络中的路由。

23.Sleepy End Device

Power down their radio when idle, and thus con-serve resources. However, they must poll their parent node to receive incoming messages and acknowledgements; no data is sent to the sleepy end device until the end device requests it. Sleepy end devices are also sometimes known as rx-off-when- idle devices. This is a standard Zigbee device type.

空闲时关掉收音机，这样可以节省资源。但是，它们必须轮询父节点以接收传入消息和确认;在终端设备发出请求之前，不会向休眠的终端设备发送任何数据。休眠终端设备有时也称为rx-off-when- idle设备。这是一个标准的Zigbee设备类型。

24.Trust Centre

Manages security settings and authorizations for the network.

管理网络的安全设置和授权。

25.Zigbee Compliant Platform (ZCP)

Platforms need to be Zigbee specification compliant to allow for product interoperability and these hardware/software technology can in turn be certified.

平台需要符合Zigbee规范，以允许产品互操作性，这些硬件/软件技术也可以通过认证。

26.Zigbee Cluster Library (ZCL)

In Zigbee a Cluster is a message or collection of messages pertaining to a given application domain. Cluster Libraries were designed to provide Cluster reusability by abstracting Clusters across several domains and placing them in a library, organized according to the functional domains (e.g., lighting, on/off,HVAC, closures).

在Zigbee中，集群是属于给定应用程序域的消息或消息集合。集群库的设计目的是通过对跨多个域的集群进行抽象，并将它们放在一个库中，根据功能域(例如，照明、开/关、HVAC、关闭)进行组织，从而提供集群的可重用性。

27.Zigbee Device Object (ZDO)

The ZDO (occupies Endpoint 0 of each node) entity defined by the Zigbee Networking Specification for use in network management and information gathering. Responsible for initializing the APS,NWK and Security Service Provider and can be seen as an interface between the application framework and the APS sublayer.

ZDO(占用每个节点的端点0)实体由Zigbee网络规范定义，用于网络管理和信息收集。负责初始化APS、NWK和安全服务提供者，可以将其视为应用程序框架和APS子层之间的接口。

28.Zigbee Device Profile (ZDP)

Similar to the application profiles defines in the application framework, there is a profile defined for the ZDO known as the ZDP or also known as the device profile. The ZDP contains contains device descriptions and clusters, however the ZDP clusters do not employ attributes. Another difference between the application profile and the ZDP is that the application profile is created for a specific application, whereas the device profile defines capabilities supported by all Zigbee devices.

与应用程序框架中定义的应用程序概要文件类似，为ZDO定义了一个概要文件，称为ZDP或设备概要文件。ZDP包含设备描述和集群，但是ZDP集群不使用属性。应用程序概要文件和ZDP之间的另一个区别是，应用程序概要文件是为特定的应用程序创建的，而设备概要文件定义了所有Zigbee设备支持的功能。

29.Radio

Radio is a technique that enables the communication of signals representing information over the electromagnetic spectrum. In general the process used is as follows.

无线电是一种能使代表信息的信号在电磁频谱上通信的技术。通常使用的过程如下：

1. A carrier wave is created, via an oscillator, at a given frequency and with a given bandwidth（载流子波是通过振荡器以给定的频率和带宽产生的）
2. Modulation of this wave with the information to be communicated is performed（用要传递的信息对这个波进行调制）
3. Additional coding of the signal in an effort in an attempt to compensate for the uncertain nature of radio communications and technical artifacts associated with electromagnetic waves is done（为了补偿无线电通信和与电磁波有关的技术伪影的不确定性质，对信号进行了额外编码）
4. The signal is amplified（信号被放大了）
5. The signal is applied to a transmit antenna, and the signal enters the radio channel（信号被应用于发射天线，信号进入无线电信道）

30.Amplifier

Amplifiers are electronic circuits that boost the power (increase the amplitude) of a signal fed to them. While many different types of amplifiers are broadly applied across many electronic applications, two important amplifiers used in wireless include the power amplifier (PA), which is used to boost the signal sent to a transmit antenna, and the low-noise amplifier (LNA), used to boost the typically very weak signal appearing at a receiving antenna.

放大器是一种电子电路，它能提高输入信号的功率(增加幅度)。在许多不同类型的放大器广泛应用在许多电子应用中,两个重要的放大器用于无线包括功率放大器(PA),用于提高信号发送到发送天线,和低噪声放大器(LNA),用于提高通常非常微弱的信号出现在一个接收天线。

31.Antenna

An Antenna acts as the interface between the radio waves on the electromagnetic spectrum and the rest of the system.Antennas cover a broad range of designs and applications, from simple "whip" antennas to so-called "smart" antennas with active (powered) electronic components.In general, antenna designs are optimized for a specific range of frequencies, with lower frequencies usually requiring physically larger antennas, and are either "omnidirectional", transmitting towards and receiving from all directions simultaneously, or "directional", optimizing both transmission and reception across a limited number of degrees of arc.

天线作为电磁波谱上无线电波与系统其余部分之间的接口。天线涵盖了广泛的设计和应用，从简单的“鞭状”天线到带有有源(电力)电子元件的所谓“智能”天线。一般来说，天线的设计是针对特定的频率范围进行优化的，较低的频率通常需要更大的物理天线，要么是“全向”的，同时从各个方向发射和接收，要么是“定向”的，优化整个l

32.Band

A range of frequencies utilized for a given transmission. A band is often subdivided by a given frequency range into channels that are statically or dynamically assigned and individually utilized for a given service or application.

用于给定传输的频率范围。频带通常被给定的频率范围细分为静态或动态分配的通道，并单独用于给定的服务或应用程序。

33.Bandwidth

The range and thus amount of spectrum utilized in a given transmission, with the nominal frequency being the centre of this range.

在给定的传输中使用的频谱的范围和数量，以标称频率为该范围的中心。

34.Capacity

The term capacity is often used to describe the ability of a shared channel to carry the maximum information at any given moment in time, as opposed to maximum throughput for any given transmitter. Capacity refers to an upper bound on the ability of any given channel to support simultaneous, distinct, and diverse communications and is usually more important than throughput in the specification, design and operation of most implementations.

容量这个术语通常用来描述共享信道在任何给定时刻承载最大信息的能力，而不是任何给定发射机的最大吞吐量。容量是指任何给定通道支持同时、不同和不同通信的能力的上限，在大多数实现的规范、设计和操作中，容量通常比吞吐量更重要。

35.Congestion

Congestion is a phenomenon that occurs when the capacity of a channel is oversubscribed. This leads to the need for queuing that delays access to the channel, at least for some traffic. Techniques designed to address congestion include prioritization schemes such as quality of service (QoS) and class of service (CoS); data compression; and the addition of more capacity via the utilization of additional bands or channels.

拥塞是当信道容量被超额订阅时发生的一种现象。这导致需要排队，这会延迟对通道的访问，至少对某些流量是这样。旨在解决拥塞问题的技术包括服务质量(QoS)和服务类别(CoS)等优先级方案;数据压缩;通过使用额外的频带或信道来增加更多的容量。

36.Interference

Interference is a general term for signals that conflict with a given signal that is intentionally being transmitted. The net effect of interference is a given signal in effect becomes weaker, even to the point where the intended receiver can no longer detect the signal.

干扰是一个通用的术语，指的是信号与有意传输的给定信号发生冲突。干扰的净效应是一个给定的信号在实际作用下变得越来越弱，甚至到了预定的接收机无法再检测到信号的地步。

37.Line of Sight (LoS)

Line of sight refers to a clear, unobstructed physical path between a given transmitter and receiver. For many applications, LoS is essential, especially at very high frequencies which only propagate linearly and not very well (if at all) through obstructions. When LoS is not feasible, it may be possible to use additional radios to relay around the obstruction, with the use of mesh techniques. Mesh Network topologies are the backbone of Zigbee networks as well as other IoT standards. 

视线是指在给定的发射机和接收机之间的一条清晰、畅通的物理路径。对于许多应用来说，LoS是必不可少的，特别是在非常高的频率下，它只能线性传播，并且不能很好地(如果有的话)通过障碍物。当LoS不可行时，可以使用额外的无线电在障碍物周围进行中继，并使用网格技术。网状网络拓扑是Zigbee网络和其他物联网标准的主干。

38.Wireless Network Topology

Topology refers to the logical and/or geometric orientation of a given network implementation. In wireless, three key topologies come into play

拓扑是指给定网络实现的逻辑和/或几何方向。在无线领域，有三种关键的拓扑结构

1. "P2P"(point-to-point) means that every node in a given network must be able to communicate directly with every other node. The logistics here can become quite complex, so P2P is limited to single connections between two nodes or for connections among a small number of nodes within close physical proximity to one another.（“P2P”(点对点)意味着给定网络中的每个节点都必须能够与其他节点直接通信。这里的物流可能会变得相当复杂，因此P2P仅限于两个节点之间的单个连接，或者是物理上相互接近的少量节点之间的连接。）
2. A "Star" (point-to-multipoint) configuration where all traffic between nodes in the network (and beyond, via bridging) must go through a single central point. For instance, Cellular networks are P2MP with handoff of client traffic to other cells via backhaul facilities.（一种“星型”(点对多点)配置，其中网络中(以及网络之外，通过桥接)节点之间的所有通信都必须通过一个中心点。例如，蜂窝网络是P2MP，通过回程设施将客户机流量切换到其他单元。）
3. "Mesh" configuration enables the construction of arbitrarily large and complex configurations by enabling traffic to flow through intermediate nodes, which act like switches forwarding traffic not intended for the relaying node itself. Many possible implementations and configurations are possible here, and both infrastructure and client nodes can, in theory, serve as relay points.（“网格”配置允许通过中间节点传输流量，从而构建任意大型和复杂的配置，这些中间节点的作用类似于转发流量的交换机，而不是为中继节点本身转发流量。这里有许多可能的实现和配置，从理论上讲，基础设施和客户机节点都可以充当中继点。）

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