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python视频教程栏目为大家介绍Python Flask解决跨域问题。

系列文章目录

Table of Contents

  • 系列文章目录
  • 前言
  • 使用步骤
    • 1. 引入库
    • 2. 配置
      • 1. 使用 CORS函数 配置全局路由
      • 2. 使用 @cross_origin 来配置单行路由
    • 配置参数说明
  • 总结
  • 参考

前言

我靠,又跨域了

使用步骤

1. 引入库

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pip install flask-cors复制代码
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2. 配置

flask-cors 有两种用法,一种为全局使用,一种对指定的路由使用

1. 使用 CORS函数 配置全局路由

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from flask import Flask, requestfrom flask_cors import CORS app = Flask(__name__) CORS(app, supports_credentials=True)复制代码
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其中 CORS 提供了一些参数帮助我们定制一下操作。

常用的我们可以配置 originsmethodsallow_headerssupports_credentials

所有的配置项如下:

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:param resources: The series of regular expression and (optionally) associated CORS options to be applied to the given resource path. If the argument is a dictionary, it's keys must be regular expressions, and the values must be a dictionary of kwargs, identical to the kwargs of this function. If the argument is a list, it is expected to be a list of regular expressions, for which the app-wide configured options are applied. If the argument is a string, it is expected to be a regular expression for which the app-wide configured options are applied. Default : Match all and apply app-level configuration :type resources: dict, iterable or string :param origins: The origin, or list of origins to allow requests from. The origin(s) may be regular expressions, case-sensitive strings, or else an asterisk Default : '*' :type origins: list, string or regex :param methods: The method or list of methods which the allowed origins are allowed to access for non-simple requests. Default : [GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS, PUT, PATCH, DELETE] :type methods: list or string :param expose_headers: The header or list which are safe to expose to the API of a CORS API specification. Default : None :type expose_headers: list or string :param allow_headers: The header or list of header field names which can be used when this resource is accessed by allowed origins. The header(s) may be regular expressions, case-sensitive strings, or else an asterisk. Default : '*', allow all headers :type allow_headers: list, string or regex :param supports_credentials: Allows users to make authenticated requests. If true, injects the `Access-Control-Allow-Credentials` header in responses. This allows cookies and credentials to be submitted across domains. :note: This option cannot be used in conjuction with a '*' origin Default : False :type supports_credentials: bool :param max_age: The maximum time for which this CORS request maybe cached. This value is set as the `Access-Control-Max-Age` header. Default : None :type max_age: timedelta, integer, string or None :param send_wildcard: If True, and the origins parameter is `*`, a wildcard `Access-Control-Allow-Origin` header is sent, rather than the request's `Origin` header. Default : False :type send_wildcard: bool :param vary_header: If True, the header Vary: Origin will be returned as per the W3 implementation guidelines. Setting this header when the `Access-Control-Allow-Origin` is dynamically generated (e.g. when there is more than one allowed origin, and an Origin than '*' is returned) informs CDNs and other caches that the CORS headers are dynamic, and cannot be cached. If False, the Vary header will never be injected or altered. Default : True :type vary_header: bool复制代码
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2. 使用 @cross_origin 来配置单行路由

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from flask import Flask, requestfrom flask_cors import cross_origin app = Flask(__name__)@app.route('/')@cross_origin(supports_credentials=True)def hello(): name = request.args.get("name", "World") return f'Hello, {name}!'复制代码
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其中 cross_originCORS 提供一些基本相同的参数。

常用的我们可以配置 originsmethodsallow_headerssupports_credentials

所有的配置项如下:

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:param origins: The origin, or list of origins to allow requests from. The origin(s) may be regular expressions, case-sensitive strings, or else an asterisk Default : '*' :type origins: list, string or regex :param methods: The method or list of methods which the allowed origins are allowed to access for non-simple requests. Default : [GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS, PUT, PATCH, DELETE] :type methods: list or string :param expose_headers: The header or list which are safe to expose to the API of a CORS API specification. Default : None :type expose_headers: list or string :param allow_headers: The header or list of header field names which can be used when this resource is accessed by allowed origins. The header(s) may be regular expressions, case-sensitive strings, or else an asterisk. Default : '*', allow all headers :type allow_headers: list, string or regex :param supports_credentials: Allows users to make authenticated requests. If true, injects the `Access-Control-Allow-Credentials` header in responses. This allows cookies and credentials to be submitted across domains. :note: This option cannot be used in conjuction with a '*' origin Default : False :type supports_credentials: bool :param max_age: The maximum time for which this CORS request maybe cached. This value is set as the `Access-Control-Max-Age` header. Default : None :type max_age: timedelta, integer, string or None :param send_wildcard: If True, and the origins parameter is `*`, a wildcard `Access-Control-Allow-Origin` header is sent, rather than the request's `Origin` header. Default : False :type send_wildcard: bool :param vary_header: If True, the header Vary: Origin will be returned as per the W3 implementation guidelines. Setting this header when the `Access-Control-Allow-Origin` is dynamically generated (e.g. when there is more than one allowed origin, and an Origin than '*' is returned) informs CDNs and other caches that the CORS headers are dynamic, and cannot be cached. If False, the Vary header will never be injected or altered. Default : True :type vary_header: bool :param automatic_options: Only applies to the `cross_origin` decorator. If True, Flask-CORS will override Flask's default OPTIONS handling to return CORS headers for OPTIONS requests. Default : True :type automatic_options: bool复制代码
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配置参数说明

参数类型Head默认说明
resources字典、迭代器或字符串全部配置允许跨域的路由接口
origins列表、字符串或正则表达式Access-Control-Allow-Origin*配置允许跨域访问的源
methods列表、字符串Access-Control-Allow-Methods[GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS, PUT, PATCH, DELETE]配置跨域支持的请求方式
expose_headers列表、字符串Access-Control-Expose-HeadersNone自定义请求响应的Head信息
allow_headers列表、字符串或正则表达式Access-Control-Request-Headers*配置允许跨域的请求头
supports_credentials布尔值Access-Control-Allow-CredentialsFalse是否允许请求发送cookie
max_agetimedelta、整数、字符串Access-Control-Max-AgeNone预检请求的有效时长

总结

在 flask 的跨域配置中,我们可以使用 flask-cors 来进行配置,其中 CORS 函数 用来做全局的配置, @cross_origin 来实现特定路由的配置。

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