概述
最近设计一个数据统计系统,系统中上百种数据统计维度,而且这些数据统计的指标可能随时会调整.如果基于java编码的方式逐个实现数据统计的API设计,工作量大而且维护起来成本较高;最终确定为将"数据统计"的计算部分单独分离成脚本文件(javascript,或者Groovy),非常便捷了实现了"数据统计Task" 与 "数据统计规则(计算)"解耦,且可以动态的加载和运行的能力.顺便对JAVA嵌入运行Groovy脚本做个备忘.
Java中运行Groovy,有三种比较常用的类支持:GroovyShell,GroovyClassLoader以及Java-Script引擎(JSR-223).
1) GroovyShell: 通常用来运行"script片段"或者一些零散的表达式(Expression)
2) GroovyClassLoader: 如果脚本是一个完整的文件,特别是有API类型的时候,比如有类似于JAVA的接口,面向对象设计时,通常使用GroovyClassLoader.
3) ScriptEngine: JSR-223应该是推荐的一种使用策略.规范化,而且简便.
一.GroovyShell代码样例
1) 简单的表达式执行,方法调用
- /**
- * 简答脚本执行
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static void evalScriptText() throws Exception{
- //groovy.lang.Binding
- Binding binding = new Binding();
- GroovyShell shell = new GroovyShell(binding);
- binding.setVariable("name", "zhangsan");
- shell.evaluate("println 'Hello World! I am ' + name;");
- //在script中,声明变量,不能使用def,否则scrope不一致.
- shell.evaluate("date = new Date();");
- Date date = (Date)binding.getVariable("date");
- System.out.println("Date:" + date.getTime());
- //以返回值的方式,获取script内部变量值,或者执行结果
- //一个shell实例中,所有变量值,将会在此"session"中传递下去."date"可以在此后的script中获取
- Long time = (Long)shell.evaluate("def time = date.getTime(); return time;");
- System.out.println("Time:" + time);
- binding.setVariable("list", new String[]{"A","B","C"});
- //invoke method
- String joinString = (String)shell.evaluate("def call(){return list.join(' - ')};call();");
- System.out.println("Array join:" + joinString);
- shell = null;
- binding = null;
- }
2) 伪main方法执行.
- /**
- * 当groovy脚本,为完整类结构时,可以通过执行main方法并传递参数的方式,启动脚本.
- */
- public static void evalScriptAsMainMethod(){
- String[] args = new String[]{"Zhangsan","10"};//main(String[] args)
- Binding binding = new Binding(args);
- GroovyShell shell = new GroovyShell(binding);
- shell.evaluate("static void main(String[] args){ if(args.length != 2) return;println('Hello,I am ' + args[0] + ',age ' + args[1])}");
- shell = null;
- binding = null;
- }
3) 通过Shell运行具有类结构的Groovy脚本
- /**
- * 运行完整脚本
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static void evalScriptTextFull() throws Exception{
- StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
- //define API
- buffer.append("class User{")
- .append("String name;Integer age;")
- //.append("User(String name,Integer age){this.name = name;this.age = age};")
- .append("String sayHello(){return 'Hello,I am ' + name + ',age ' + age;}}n");
- //Usage
- buffer.append("def user = new User(name:'zhangsan',age:1);")
- .append("user.sayHello();");
- //groovy.lang.Binding
- Binding binding = new Binding();
- GroovyShell shell = new GroovyShell(binding);
- String message = (String)shell.evaluate(buffer.toString());
- System.out.println(message);
- //重写main方法,默认执行
- String mainMethod = "static void main(String[] args){def user = new User(name:'lisi',age:12);print(user.sayHello());}";
- shell.evaluate(mainMethod);
- shell = null;
- }
4) 方法执行和分部调用
- /**
- * 以面向"过程"的方式运行脚本
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static void evalScript() throws Exception{
- Binding binding = new Binding();
- GroovyShell shell = new GroovyShell(binding);
- //直接方法调用
- //shell.parse(new File(//))
- Script script = shell.parse("def join(String[] list) {return list.join('--');}");
- String joinString = (String)script.invokeMethod("join", new String[]{"A1","B2","C3"});
- System.out.println(joinString);
- 脚本可以为任何格式,可以为main方法,也可以为普通方法
- //1) def call(){...};call();
- //2) call(){...};
- script = shell.parse("static void main(String[] args){i = i * 2;}");
- script.setProperty("i", new Integer(10));
- script.run();//运行,
- System.out.println(script.getProperty("i"));
- //the same as
- System.out.println(script.getBinding().getVariable("i"));
- script = null;
- shell = null;
- }
二. GroovyClassLoader代码示例
1) 解析groovy文件
- /**
- * from source file of *.groovy
- */
- public static void parse() throws Exception{
- GroovyClassLoader classLoader = new GroovyClassLoader(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
- File sourceFile = new File("D:\TestGroovy.groovy");
- Class testGroovyClass = classLoader.parseClass(new GroovyCodeSource(sourceFile));
- GroovyObject instance = (GroovyObject)testGroovyClass.newInstance();//proxy
- Long time = (Long)instance.invokeMethod("getTime", new Date());
- System.out.println(time);
- Date date = (Date)instance.invokeMethod("getDate", time);
- System.out.println(date.getTime());
- //here
- instance = null;
- testGroovyClass = null;
- }
2) 如何加载已经编译的groovy文件(.class)
- public static void load() throws Exception {
- GroovyClassLoader classLoader = new GroovyClassLoader(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
- BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("D:\TestGroovy.class"));
- ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
- for(;;){
- int i = bis.read();
- if( i == -1){
- break;
- }
- bos.write(i);
- }
- Class testGroovyClass = classLoader.defineClass(null, bos.toByteArray());
- //instance of proxy-class
- //if interface API is in the classpath,you can do such as:
- //MyObject instance = (MyObject)testGroovyClass.newInstance()
- GroovyObject instance = (GroovyObject)testGroovyClass.newInstance();
- Long time = (Long)instance.invokeMethod("getTime", new Date());
- System.out.println(time);
- Date date = (Date)instance.invokeMethod("getDate", time);
- System.out.println(date.getTime());
- //here
- bis.close();
- bos.close();
- instance = null;
- testGroovyClass = null;
- }
三. ScriptEngine
1) pom.xml依赖
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>
- <artifactId>groovy</artifactId>
- <version>2.1.6</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>
- <artifactId>groovy-jsr223</artifactId>
- <version>2.1.6</version>
- </dependency>
2) 代码样例
- public static void evalScript() throws Exception{
- ScriptEngineManager factory = new ScriptEngineManager();
- //每次生成一个engine实例
- ScriptEngine engine = factory.getEngineByName("groovy");
- System.out.println(engine.toString());
- assert engine != null;
- //javax.script.Bindings
- Bindings binding = engine.createBindings();
- binding.put("date", new Date());
- //如果script文本来自文件,请首先获取文件内容
- engine.eval("def getTime(){return date.getTime();}",binding);
- engine.eval("def sayHello(name,age){return 'Hello,I am ' + name + ',age' + age;}");
- Long time = (Long)((Invocable)engine).invokeFunction("getTime", null);
- System.out.println(time);
- String message = (String)((Invocable)engine).invokeFunction("sayHello", "zhangsan",new Integer(12));
- System.out.println(message);
- }
需要提醒的是,在groovy中,${expression} 将会被认为一个变量,如果需要输出"$"符号,需要转义为"$".
关于ScriptEngine更多介绍,请参考.
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