【Linux】yum卸载恢复

yum卸载的时候，使用remove卸载应用的时候，会卸载很多依赖
例如
yum remove dhcpd
会卸载117个包，很多依赖都被卸载
如果只卸载单独的dhcp软件包
可以使用rpm -e --nodeps 软件名

# rpm -qa | grep dhcp
dhcp-4.4.2-7.uel20.x86_64

# rpm -e --nodeps dhcp-4.4.2-7.uel20.x86_64

那么卸载多余的依赖，想要恢复怎么办呢？
这里yum有一个特殊的命令yum history

[root@node1 ~]# yum history --help
usage: yum history [-c [config file]] [-q] [-v] [–version]
[–installroot [path]] [–nodocs] [–noplugins]
[–enableplugin [plugin]] [–disableplugin [plugin]]
[–releasever RELEASEVER] [–setopt SETOPTS]
[–skip-broken] [-h] [–allowerasing] [-b | --nobest] [-C]
[-R [minutes]] [-d [debug level]] [–debugsolver]
[–showduplicates] [-e ERRORLEVEL] [–obsoletes]
[–rpmverbosity [debug level name]] [-y] [–assumeno]
[–enablerepo [repo]] [–disablerepo [repo] | --repo
[repo]] [–enable | --disable] [-x [package]]
[–disableexcludes [repo]] [–repofrompath [repo,path]]
[–noautoremove] [–nogpgcheck] [–color COLOR] [–refresh]
[-4] [-6] [–destdir DESTDIR] [–downloadonly]
[–comment COMMENT] [–bugfix] [–enhancement]
[–newpackage] [–security] [–advisory ADVISORY]
[–bz BUGZILLA] [–cve CVES]
[–sec-severity {Critical,Important,Moderate,Low}]
[–forcearch ARCH]
[COMMAND] [TRANSACTION [TRANSACTION …]]

display, or use, the transaction history

General YUM options:
-c [config file], --config [config file]
config file location
-q, --quiet quiet operation
-v, --verbose verbose operation
–version show YUM version and exit
–installroot [path] set install root
–nodocs do not install documentations
–noplugins disable all plugins
–enableplugin [plugin]
enable plugins by name
–disableplugin [plugin]
disable plugins by name
–releasever RELEASEVER
override the value of $releasever in config and repo
files
–setopt SETOPTS set arbitrary config and repo options
–skip-broken resolve depsolve problems by skipping packages
-h, --help, --help-cmd
show command help
–allowerasing allow erasing of installed packages to resolve
dependencies
-b, --best try the best available package versions in
transactions.
–nobest do not limit the transaction to the best candidate
-C, --cacheonly run entirely from system cache, don’t update cache
-R [minutes], --randomwait [minutes]
maximum command wait time
-d [debug level], --debuglevel [debug level]
debugging output level
–debugsolver dumps detailed solving results into files
–showduplicates show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands
-e ERRORLEVEL, --errorlevel ERRORLEVEL
error output level
–obsoletes enables yum’s obsoletes processing logic for upgrade
or display capabilities that the package obsoletes for
info, list and repoquery
–rpmverbosity [debug level name]
debugging output level for rpm
-y, --assumeyes automatically answer yes for all questions
–assumeno automatically answer no for all questions
–enablerepo [repo] Enable additional repositories. List option. Supports
globs, can be specified multiple times.
–disablerepo [repo] Disable repositories. List option. Supports globs, can
be specified multiple times.
–repo [repo], --repoid [repo]
enable just specific repositories by an id or a glob,
can be specified multiple times
–enable enable repos with config-manager command
(automatically saves)
–disable disable repos with config-manager command
(automatically saves)
-x [package], --exclude [package], --excludepkgs [package]
exclude packages by name or glob
–disableexcludes [repo], --disableexcludepkgs [repo]
disable excludepkgs
–repofrompath [repo,path]
label and path to an additional repository to use
(same path as in a baseurl), can be specified multiple
times.
–noautoremove disable removal of dependencies that are no longer
used
–nogpgcheck disable gpg signature checking (if RPM policy allows)
–color COLOR control whether color is used
–refresh set metadata as expired before running the command
-4 resolve to IPv4 addresses only
-6 resolve to IPv6 addresses only
–destdir DESTDIR, --downloaddir DESTDIR
set directory to copy packages to
–downloadonly only download packages
–comment COMMENT add a comment to transaction
–bugfix Include bugfix relevant packages, in updates
–enhancement Include enhancement relevant packages, in updates
–newpackage Include newpackage relevant packages, in updates
–security Include security relevant packages, in updates
–advisory ADVISORY, --advisories ADVISORY
Include packages needed to fix the given advisory, in
updates
–bz BUGZILLA, --bzs BUGZILLA
Include packages needed to fix the given BZ, in
updates
–cve CVES, --cves CVES
Include packages needed to fix the given CVE, in
updates
–sec-severity {Critical,Important,Moderate,Low}, --secseverity {Critical,Important,Moderate,Low}
Include security relevant packages matching the
severity, in updates
–forcearch ARCH Force the use of an architecture

COMMAND Available commands: list (default), info, redo, undo,
rollback, userinstalled
TRANSACTION Transaction ID (, ‘last’ or ‘last-’
for one transaction, … for range)

常用的选项有 yum history list yum history info Noxxx yum history undo Noxxx

测试环境中查看：

具体用法如下：

# yum history list
ID     | Command line                                                                            | Date and time    | Action(s)      | Altered
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    15 | remove dhcp                                                                             | 2022-09-28 09:58 | Removed        |  117 EE
    14 | reinstall dhcp -y                                                                       | 2022-09-28 09:57 | R              |    2   
    13 | install nginx -y                                                                        | 2022-09-21 16:55 | Install        |    9   
    12 | install qemu qemu-img libvirt libguestfs-tools virt-manager virt-install virt-viewer    | 2022-09-21 16:11 | I, U           |  162 EE
    11 | install appstream.x86_64                                                                | 2022-09-21 14:00 | Install        |    2   
    10 | install mariadb-server                                                                  | 2022-09-21 11:33 | Install        |    5   
     9 | install mariadb                                                                         | 2022-09-21 11:29 | Install        |    2   
     8 | install targetcli                                                                       | 2022-09-21 09:47 | Install        |    7   
     7 | install samba                                                                           | 2022-09-20 15:58 | I, U           |    8   
     6 | install httpd                                                                           | 2022-09-15 11:53 | Install        |    7   
     5 | install dhcp -y                                                                         | 2022-09-15 10:26 | Upgrade        |    1   
     4 | install rpcbind nfs-utils                                                               | 2022-09-14 13:52 | Upgrade        |    2 EE
     3 | install vim -y                                                                          | 2022-09-14 09:53 | Install        |    4   
     2 | install bind -y                                                                         | 2022-09-14 09:38 | Upgrade        |    5   
     1 |  

# yum history info  15
Transaction ID : 15
Begin time     : 2022年09月28日 星期三 09时58分16秒
Begin rpmdb    : 1533:845d806d11c868672e00dee48164ac2746007264
End time       : 2022年09月28日 星期三 10时00分08秒 (112 seconds)
End rpmdb      : 1416:ae72b9cc10b1a56a20d712a92406841b52888876
User           : root <root>
Return-Code    : Success
Releasever     : 1050
Command Line   : remove dhcp
Comment        : 
Packages Altered:
    Removed afflib-3.7.16-10.uel20.x86_64                          @@System
    Removed anaconda-33.19-31.up14.uel20.x86_64                    @@System
    Removed anaconda-core-33.19-31.up14.uel20.x86_64               @@System
    Removed anaconda-tui-33.19-31.up14.uel20.x86_64                @@System
    Removed anaconda-user-help-26.1-9.uel20.noarch                 @@System
    Removed babeltrace-1.5.8-1.uel20.x86_64                        @@System
    Removed blivet-data-1:3.2.2-8.uel20.noarch                     @@System
    Removed bubblewrap-0.3.3-1.uel20.x86_64                        @@System
    Removed clevis-11-6.uel20.x86_64                               @@System
    Removed cockpit-178-9.up1.uel20.x86_64                         @@System
    Removed createrepo_c-0.16.0-3.uel20.x86_64                     @@System
    Removed debootstrap-1.0.109-3.uel20.noarch                     @@System
    Removed dhcp-12:4.4.2-7.uel20.x86_64                           @@System
    Removed dhcp-help-12:4.4.2-6.uel20.noarch                      @@System
    Removed dpkg-1.18.25-11.uel20.x86_64                           @@System
    Removed dracut-live-050-5.uel20.x86_64                         @@System
    Removed dracut-network-050-5.uel20.x86_64                      @@System
    Removed dracut-squash-050-5.uel20.x86_64                       @@System
    Removed drpm-0.5.0-1.uel20.x86_64                              @@System
    Removed fcoe-utils-1.0.32-7.uel20.x86_64                       @@System
    Removed flatpak-1.0.3-7.uel20.x86_64                           @@System
    Removed fltk-1.3.5-1.uel20.x86_64                              @@System
    Removed fros-1.1-18.uel20.noarch                               @@System
    Removed gdb-9.2-3.up1.uel20.x86_64                             @@System
    Removed gdb-headless-9.2-3.up1.uel20.x86_64                    @@System
    Removed gdb-help-9.2-3.up1.uel20.noarch                        @@System
    Removed gfs2-utils-3.2.0-5.uel20.x86_64                        @@System
    Removed hexedit-1.2.13-15.uel20.x86_64                         @@System
    Removed hfsplus-tools-540.1.linux3-17.uel20.x86_64             @@System
    Removed hivex-1.3.17-4.uel20.x86_64                            @@System
    Removed initial-setup-0.3.83-2.up2.uel20.x86_64                @@System
    Removed isomd5sum-1:1.2.3-4.uel20.x86_64                       @@System
    Removed jfsutils-1.1.15-14.uel20.x86_64                        @@System
    Removed jose-10-5.uel20.x86_64                                 @@System
    Removed kexec-tools-2.0.20-16.up5.uel20.x86_64                 @@System
    Removed keybinder3-0.3.2-9.uel20.x86_64                        @@System
    Removed langtable-0.0.51-1.uel20.noarch                        @@System
    Removed libewf-20140608-14.uel20.x86_64                        @@System
    Removed libgnomekbd-3.26.1-1.uel20.x86_64                      @@System
    Removed libguestfs-1:1.40.2-13.up1.uel20.x86_64                @@System
    Removed libipt-2.0.3-1.uel20.x86_64                            @@System
    Removed libldm-0.2.4-3.uel20.x86_64                            @@System
    Removed libnma-1.8.22-2.uel20.x86_64                           @@System
    Removed libreport-2.10.1-10.uel20.x86_64                       @@System
    Removed libreport-anaconda-2.10.1-10.uel20.x86_64              @@System
    Removed libreport-cli-2.10.1-10.uel20.x86_64                   @@System
    Removed libreport-gtk-2.10.1-10.uel20.x86_64                   @@System
    Removed libreport-plugin-reportuploader-2.10.1-10.uel20.x86_64 @@System
    Removed libreport-web-2.10.1-10.uel20.x86_64                   @@System
    Removed libtar-1.2.20-18.uel20.x86_64                          @@System
    Removed lldpad-1.0.1-15.uel20.x86_64                           @@System
    Removed luksmeta-9-4.uel20.x86_64                              @@System
    Removed mac-robber-1.02-18.uel20.x86_64                        @@System
    Removed nbdkit-1.6.2-7.up1.uel20.x86_64                        @@System
    Removed nbdkit-basic-filters-1.6.2-7.up1.uel20.x86_64          @@System
    Removed nbdkit-basic-plugins-1.6.2-7.up1.uel20.x86_64          @@System
    Removed nbdkit-help-1.6.2-7.up1.uel20.x86_64                   @@System
    Removed nbdkit-python-plugin-common-1.6.2-7.up1.uel20.x86_64   @@System
    Removed nbdkit-python3-plugin-1.6.2-7.up1.uel20.x86_64         @@System
    Removed nbdkit-server-1.6.2-7.up1.uel20.x86_64                 @@System
    Removed nbdkit-vddk-plugin-1.6.2-7.up1.uel20.x86_64            @@System
    Removed nilfs-utils-2.2.7-6.uel20.x86_64                       @@System
    Removed nm-connection-editor-1.8.22-2.uel20.x86_64             @@System
    Removed ntfs-3g-2:2022.5.17-1.uel20.x86_64                     @@System
    Removed ostree-2020.4-2.uel20.x86_64                           @@System
    Removed perl-Class-Inspector-1.36-1.uel20.noarch               @@System
    Removed perl-File-ShareDir-1.116-4.uel20.noarch                @@System
    Removed perl-Sys-Guestfs-1:1.40.2-13.up1.uel20.x86_64          @@System
    Removed perl-Sys-Virt-6.1.0-1.uel20.x86_64                     @@System
    Removed perl-hivex-1.3.17-4.uel20.x86_64                       @@System
    Removed perl-libintl-perl-1.31-1.uel20.x86_64                  @@System
    Removed pipewire-0.2.7-1.uel20.x86_64                          @@System
    Removed python3-blivet-1:3.2.2-8.uel20.noarch                  @@System
    Removed python3-blockdev-2.24-8.up1.uel20.x86_64               @@System
    Removed python3-bytesize-2.4-1.uel20.x86_64                    @@System
    Removed python3-dasbus-1.3-1.uel20.noarch                      @@System
    Removed python3-kickstart-3.27-1.uel20.x86_64                  @@System
    Removed python3-langtable-0.0.51-1.uel20.noarch                @@System
    Removed python3-libreport-2.10.1-10.uel20.x86_64               @@System
    Removed python3-meh-0.48-1.uel20.noarch                        @@System
    Removed python3-ntplib-0.3.4-1.uel20.noarch                    @@System
    Removed python3-ordered-set-3.1.1-1.uel20.noarch               @@System
    Removed python3-pid-3.0.4-2.uel20.noarch                       @@System
    Removed python3-productmd-1.26-2.up1.uel20.noarch              @@System
    Removed python3-pwquality-1.4.2-1.uel20.x86_64                 @@System
    Removed python3-pyparted-1:3.11.4-1.uel20.x86_64               @@System
    Removed python3-pytz-2020.1-1.uel20.noarch                     @@System
    Removed python3-requests-file-1.5.1-1.uel20.noarch             @@System
    Removed python3-requests-ftp-0.3.1-15.uel20.noarch             @@System
    Removed python3-simpleline-1.7-1.uel20.noarch                  @@System
    Removed python3-systemd-234-12.uel20.x86_64                    @@System
    Removed reiserfs-utils-3.6.27-2.uel20.x86_64                   @@System
    Removed satyr-0.27-5.uel20.x86_64                              @@System
    Removed scrub-2.5.2-14.uel20.x86_64                            @@System
    Removed setroubleshoot-plugins-3.3.9-8.uel20.noarch            @@System
    Removed setroubleshoot-server-3.3.20-4.uel20.x86_64            @@System
    Removed sleuthkit-4.6.7-10.uel20.x86_64                        @@System
    Removed squashfs-tools-4.4-5.uel20.x86_64                      @@System
    Removed supermin-5.1.19-12.up1.uel20.x86_64                    @@System
    Removed syslinux-extlinux-6.04-11.uel20.x86_64                 @@System
    Removed syslinux-extlinux-nonlinux-6.04-11.uel20.noarch        @@System
    Removed tigervnc-1.10.1-5.uel20.x86_64                         @@System
    Removed tigervnc-server-minimal-1.10.1-5.uel20.x86_64          @@System
    Removed tmux-2.9a-2.uel20.x86_64                               @@System
    Removed tpm2-tools-5.0-3.uel20.x86_64                          @@System
    Removed tpm2-tools-help-5.0-3.uel20.noarch                     @@System
    Removed tpm2-tss-3.0.3-1.uel20.x86_64                          @@System
    Removed udisks2-lvm2-2.9.0-2.up2.uel20.x86_64                  @@System
    Removed usermode-1.113-3.up1.uel20.x86_64                      @@System
    Removed virt-install-2.1.0-3.uel20.noarch                      @@System
    Removed xdg-desktop-portal-1.0.2-2.uel20.x86_64                @@System
    Removed xdg-desktop-portal-gtk-1.0.2-2.uel20.x86_64            @@System
    Removed xmlrpc-c-1.51.06-1.uel20.x86_64                        @@System
    Removed yelp-2:3.36.0-1.uel20.x86_64                           @@System
    Removed yelp-xsl-3.36.0-1.uel20.noarch                         @@System
    Removed zenity-3.32.0-1.uel20.x86_64                           @@System
    Removed zerofree-1.1.1-3.uel20.x86_64                          @@System
Scriptlet output:
   1 Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kdump.service.
   2 警告：/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases 已另存为 /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases.rpmsave
   3 警告：/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 已另存为 /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf.rpmsave

如果依赖包比较少的话，可以手动安装的，但100多依赖包，单独安装，很头疼

下一个命令yum history undo Noxxx

## 从yum history list 中看到remove dhcp的编号是15
# yum history undo 15

会自动安装全部误操作卸载的依赖
等待全部写在完成后，再手动执行rpm -e --nodeps 软件名

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