CentOS7内安装部署Cobblercobbler简介集成的服务cobbler服务端部署管理distro创建kickstarts自动安装脚本安装系统

106 阅读 0 评论 70 点赞

我是靠谱客的博主务实冬天，这篇文章主要介绍CentOS7内安装部署Cobblercobbler简介集成的服务cobbler服务端部署管理distro创建kickstarts自动安装脚本安装系统，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

文章目录

cobbler简介
集成的服务
cobbler服务端部署
- 准备工作
- 安装Cobbler及相关软件包
- 配置Cobbler
- 配置DHCP
- 同步Cobbler配置
- 配置开机启动
管理distro
创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
安装系统

cobbler简介

Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。

Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。
cobbler官网

集成的服务

PXE服务支持
DHCP服务管理
DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
电源管理
Kickstart服务支持
YUM仓库管理
TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

cobbler服务端部署

环境：CentOS7

准备工作

复制代码

1
2
3
4
5
# 配置yum源
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

复制代码

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
#查看版本和内核
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)
[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64

#查看防火墙和SELinux是否关闭
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service 
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)

[root@localhost ~]# getenforce 
Permissive

[root@localhost ~]# grep 'SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config 
SELINUX=disabled

安装Cobbler及相关软件包

复制代码

1
2
3
4
5
#安装需要的软件
yum -y install epel-release  //安装epel

yum install dhcp tftp-server xinetd httpd cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart -y

配置Cobbler

复制代码

#为httpd和cobbler设置启动和开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd.service 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd.service 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.

# 检查配置文件，需要在 cobblerd 和 httpd 启动的情况下检查
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : SELinux is enabled. Please review the following wiki page for details on ensuring cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment:
    https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki/Selinux
4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
5 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders.  If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot.
6 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
7 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

# 问题1
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "s#server: 127.0.0.1#server: 192.168.220.40#" /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# grep "^server: " /etc/cobbler/settings
server: 192.168.220.40   //将此处的ip修改为本主机的ip

#问题2
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "s#next_server: 127.0.0.1#next_server: 192.168.220.40#" /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# grep "^next_server: " /etc/cobbler/settings
next_server: 192.168.220.40  //将此处的ip修改为本主机的ip

#问题8
# 防止循环装系统，适用于服务器第一启动项是 PXE 启动
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "s#pxe_just_once: 0#pxe_just_once: 1#" /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# grep "^pxe_just_once: " /etc/cobbler/settings
pxe_just_once: 1

#生成加密的密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" '123456789'
$1$32341$bRkv49hx2peVqf1DQBM9x.

# 修改 /etc/cobbler/settings 文件中的 default_password_crypted 参数的值为上面生成的密码串
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# grep 'default_password_crypted:' /etc/cobbler/settings 
default_password_crypted: "$1$32341$bRkv49hx2peVqf1DQBM9x."   //修改此处

#问题4
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "/disable/ {s#yes#no#}" /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
[root@localhost ~]# grep "disable" /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 
        disable                 = no

#问题7 和 Debian 系统相关，不需要
#问题9 fence设备相关，暂不需要

# 上面相关问题配置完后，重启 Cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
#为httpd和cobbler设置启动和开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd.service 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd.service 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.

# 检查配置文件，需要在 cobblerd 和 httpd 启动的情况下检查
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : SELinux is enabled. Please review the following wiki page for details on ensuring cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment:
    https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki/Selinux
4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
5 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders.  If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot.
6 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
7 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them


# 问题1
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "s#server: 127.0.0.1#server: 192.168.220.40#" /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# grep "^server: " /etc/cobbler/settings
server: 192.168.220.40   //将此处的ip修改为本主机的ip

#问题2
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "s#next_server: 127.0.0.1#next_server: 192.168.220.40#" /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# grep "^next_server: " /etc/cobbler/settings
next_server: 192.168.220.40  //将此处的ip修改为本主机的ip 

#问题8
# 防止循环装系统，适用于服务器第一启动项是 PXE 启动
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "s#pxe_just_once: 0#pxe_just_once: 1#" /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# grep "^pxe_just_once: " /etc/cobbler/settings
pxe_just_once: 1

#生成加密的密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" '123456789'
$1$32341$bRkv49hx2peVqf1DQBM9x.

# 修改 /etc/cobbler/settings 文件中的 default_password_crypted 参数的值为上面生成的密码串
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# grep 'default_password_crypted:' /etc/cobbler/settings 
default_password_crypted: "$1$32341$bRkv49hx2peVqf1DQBM9x."   //修改此处

#问题4
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "/disable/ {s#yes#no#}" /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
[root@localhost ~]# grep "disable" /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 
        disable                 = no

#问题7 和 Debian 系统相关，不需要
#问题9 fence设备相关，暂不需要

# 上面相关问题配置完后，重启 Cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

配置DHCP

复制代码

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
[root@localhost ~]#  sed -i "s#manage_dhcp: 0#manage_dhcp: 1#" /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# grep "^manage_dhcp: " /etc/cobbler/settings
manage_dhcp: 1


[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template  // 列出修改过的相关字段
subnet 192.168.220.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {     //网段
     option routers             192.168.220.2;   //网关
     option domain-name-servers 192.168.220.2;   //dns
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;   //子网掩码
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.220.200 192.168.220.210;   //范围
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;

[root@localhost ~]# ss -anulp | grep dhcp  //查看dhcp是否正常
UNCONN     0      0            *:67                       *:*                   users:(("dhcpd",pid=55385,fd=7))

同步Cobbler配置

复制代码

#同步最新 Cobbler 配置，它会根据配置自动修改 DHCP 等服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-08-11_190445_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 11 19:04:45 2022)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***   //出现TASK COMPLETE为成功

[root@localhost ~]# head -7 /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf   //看一下DHCP 的配置文件
# ******************************************************************
# Cobbler managed dhcpd.conf file
# generated from cobbler dhcp.conf template (Thu Aug 11 11:04:46 2022)
# Do NOT make changes to /etc/dhcpd.conf. Instead, make your changes
# in /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template, as /etc/dhcpd.conf will be
# overwritten.
# ******************************************************************

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
#同步最新 Cobbler 配置，它会根据配置自动修改 DHCP 等服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-08-11_190445_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 11 19:04:45 2022)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***   //出现TASK COMPLETE为成功


[root@localhost ~]# head -7 /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf   //看一下DHCP 的配置文件
# ******************************************************************
# Cobbler managed dhcpd.conf file
# generated from cobbler dhcp.conf template (Thu Aug 11 11:04:46 2022)
# Do NOT make changes to /etc/dhcpd.conf. Instead, make your changes
# in /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template, as /etc/dhcpd.conf will be
# overwritten.
# ******************************************************************

配置开机启动

复制代码

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
#再次确认服务都为开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable dhcpd xinetd httpd cobblerd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dhcpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl is-enabled dhcpd xinetd httpd cobblerd
enabled
enabled
enabled
enabled

管理distro

Cobbler 变得可用的第一步为定义 distro，其可以通过为其指定外部的安装引导内核及 ramdisk 文件的方式实现。
如果已经有完成的安装树（如 OS 的安装镜像）则推荐使用 improt 导入的方式进行。
导入镜像

复制代码

# 导入CentOS 7镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt  //# 挂载 CentOS 7 的系统镜像
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2022-08-11_191441_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Thu Aug 11 19:14:41 2022)
Found a candidate signature: breed=suse, version=opensuse15.0
Found a candidate signature: breed=suse, version=opensuse15.1
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64:
creating new distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-7-x86_64
creating new profile: CentOS-7-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64 for CentOS-7-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***   //看到TASK COMPLETE为成功导入

# --path 镜像路径
# --name 为安装源定义一个名字
# --arch 指定安装源是 32 位、64 位、ia64, 目前支持的选项有: x86│x86_64│ia64
# 安装源的唯一标示就是根据 name 参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：CentOS-7-x86_64，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro list  //查看镜像列表
   CentOS-7-x86_64

# 镜像存放目录，Cobbler 会将镜像中的所有安装文件拷贝到本地一份，放在 /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror 下的 CentOS-7-x86_64目录下。
# 因此 /var/www/cobbler 目录必须具有足够容纳安装文件的空间。
[root@localhost ~]# ll /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 254 9月  12 2019 CentOS-7-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  34 8月  11 19:15 config

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list   // 导入 distro 会自动生成 profile
   CentOS-7-x86_64

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
# 导入CentOS 7镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt  //# 挂载 CentOS 7 的系统镜像
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2022-08-11_191441_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Thu Aug 11 19:14:41 2022)
Found a candidate signature: breed=suse, version=opensuse15.0
Found a candidate signature: breed=suse, version=opensuse15.1
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64:
creating new distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-7-x86_64
creating new profile: CentOS-7-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64 for CentOS-7-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***   //看到TASK COMPLETE为成功导入

# --path 镜像路径
# --name 为安装源定义一个名字
# --arch 指定安装源是 32 位、64 位、ia64, 目前支持的选项有: x86│x86_64│ia64
# 安装源的唯一标示就是根据 name 参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：CentOS-7-x86_64，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro list  //查看镜像列表
   CentOS-7-x86_64

# 镜像存放目录，Cobbler 会将镜像中的所有安装文件拷贝到本地一份，放在 /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror 下的 CentOS-7-x86_64目录下。
# 因此 /var/www/cobbler 目录必须具有足够容纳安装文件的空间。
[root@localhost ~]# ll /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 254 9月  12 2019 CentOS-7-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  34 8月  11 19:15 config

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list   // 导入 distro 会自动生成 profile
   CentOS-7-x86_64

复制代码

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
# 查看安装镜像文件信息
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro report --name=CentOS-7-x86_64
Name                           : CentOS-7-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        : 
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart Metadata             : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/CentOS-7-x86_64'}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel7
Owners                         : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}

创建kickstarts自动安装脚本

复制代码

[root@localhost kickstarts]# cat CentOS-7-x86_64.ks    //此文件的可以参考/root/anaconda-ks.cfg文件
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.220.40/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64  //此处改为主机ip
$yum_repo_stanza
reboot

rootpw --iscrypted $6$xIirl1/bwSCWwuYp$c/CyuQFl45n.NUuz3.MC5jHrHW7arV8PvgUY71g28m/SHNo1mYyCj4sDdgkX4AHpCvCBZ9XDV/JWVblYcNdkL1   //此处密码为当前虚拟机root用户的密码 复制于anaconda-ks.cfg文件内

selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr

%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end

# 检查ks文件语法是否有误
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2022-08-11_192811_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Thu Aug 11 19:28:11 2022)
----------------------------
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.220.40/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-7-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.220.40/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-7-x86_64"
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

# 查看当前cobbler有哪些配置文件
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile list
   CentOS-7-x86_64

# 修改profile，将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name CentOS-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.ks

#配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name CentOS-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'

# 检查当前系统cobbler配置文件信息
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : CentOS-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : CentOS-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm

# 同步cobbler
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-08-11_193349_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 11 19:33:49 2022)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-08-11_193710_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 11 19:37:10 2022)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cat CentOS-7-x86_64.ks    //此文件的可以参考/root/anaconda-ks.cfg文件
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.220.40/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64  //此处改为主机ip
$yum_repo_stanza
reboot

rootpw --iscrypted $6$xIirl1/bwSCWwuYp$c/CyuQFl45n.NUuz3.MC5jHrHW7arV8PvgUY71g28m/SHNo1mYyCj4sDdgkX4AHpCvCBZ9XDV/JWVblYcNdkL1   //此处密码为当前虚拟机root用户的密码 复制于anaconda-ks.cfg文件内 

selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr

%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end

# 检查ks文件语法是否有误
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2022-08-11_192811_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Thu Aug 11 19:28:11 2022)
----------------------------
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.220.40/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-7-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.220.40/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-7-x86_64"
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***


# 查看当前cobbler有哪些配置文件
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile list
   CentOS-7-x86_64

# 修改profile，将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name CentOS-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.ks

#配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name CentOS-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'


# 检查当前系统cobbler配置文件信息
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : CentOS-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : CentOS-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm


# 同步cobbler
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-08-11_193349_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 11 19:33:49 2022)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-08-11_193710_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 11 19:37:10 2022)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

复制代码

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
# 为避免发生未知问题，先把服务端所有服务重启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                        *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5      127.0.0.1:25151                     *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128           *:22                        *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100       [::1]:25                     [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128        [::]:443                    [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128        [::]:80                     [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128        [::]:22                     [::]:*