有关Python的图形化界面——tkinter

文档：

https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/tkinter.html

https://wiki.python.org/moin/TkInter

文档中的代码：

import tkinter as tk

class Application(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.create_widgets()

    def create_widgets(self):
        self.hi_there = tk.Button(self)
        self.hi_there["text"] = "Hello Worldn(click me)"
        self.hi_there["command"] = self.say_hi
        self.hi_there.pack(side="top")

        self.quit = tk.Button(self, text="QUIT", fg="red",
                              command=self.master.destroy)
        self.quit.pack(side="bottom")

    def say_hi(self):
        print("hi there, everyone!")

root = tk.Tk()
app = Application(master=root)
app.mainloop()

执行结果（我给拉大了一点）

点QUIT就退出界面了

点”Hello World(click me)“会输出：hi there, everyone!

参考：https://www.runoob.com/python/python-gui-tkinter.html

打开图片

参考：

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/75872830?from_voters_page=true

https://blog.csdn.net/u010921682/article/details/89848375?utm_term=tkinter%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&utm_medium=distribute.pc_aggpage_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~sobaiduweb~default-2-89848375&spm=3001.4430

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import filedialog
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import os

window = Tk()
window.title("Open picture")
def clicked():
    file = filedialog.askopenfilenames(initialdir=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
    return file

file = clicked()
filePosition = file[0]

img = Image.open(filePosition)  # 打开图片
photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)  # 用PIL模块的PhotoImage打开
imglabel = Label(window, image=photo)
imglabel.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3)

window.mainloop()

执行结果：

灰度图像

参考：https://www.jb51.net/article/173339.htm

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import filedialog
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import os

window = Tk()
window.title("Open picture")
def clicked():
    file = filedialog.askopenfilenames(initialdir=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
    return file

file = clicked()
filePosition = file[0]

img = Image.open(filePosition)  # 打开图片
img = img.convert('L')

photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)  # 用PIL模块的PhotoImage打开
imglabel = Label(window, image=photo)
imglabel.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3)

window.mainloop()

结果：

如果两张图片一起显示：

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import filedialog
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import os

window = Tk()
window.title("Open picture")
def clicked():
    file = filedialog.askopenfilenames(initialdir=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
    return file

file = clicked()
filePosition = file[0]

img = Image.open(filePosition)  # 打开图片
Img = img.convert('L')

photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)  # 用PIL模块的PhotoImage打开
imglabel = Label(window, image=photo)
imglabel.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3)

photo1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Img)  # 用PIL模块的PhotoImage打开
imglabel = Label(window, image=photo1)
imglabel.grid(row=0, column=3, columnspan=3)

window.mainloop()

结果：

图片缩放

参考：

https://blog.csdn.net/guduruyu/article/details/70842142?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7EBlogCommendFromBaidu%7Edefault-2.control&dist_request_id=1328730.856.16167419643941449&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7EBlogCommendFromBaidu%7Edefault-2.control

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import filedialog
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import os

window = Tk()
window.title("Open picture")
def clicked():
    file = filedialog.askopenfilenames(initialdir=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
    return file

file = clicked()
filePosition = file[0]

img = Image.open(filePosition)  # 打开图片
img = img.resize((256,128))
Img = img.convert('L')
Img = Img.resize((256,128))
photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)  # 用PIL模块的PhotoImage打开
imglabel = Label(window, image=photo)
imglabel.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3)

photo1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Img)  # 用PIL模块的PhotoImage打开
imglabel = Label(window, image=photo1)
imglabel.grid(row=0, column=3, columnspan=3)

window.mainloop()

结果：

________________________________________________________________________

题外话，刚刚实操了一下加噪声（多亏我之前弯路走的足够多，现在连新模块都不用安装了，泪目）

照抄：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38395705/article/details/106311905

import cv2
import random
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

def gasuss_noise(image, mean=0, var=0.001):
    '''
        添加高斯噪声
        mean : 均值
        var : 方差
    '''

    image = np.array(image / 255, dtype=float)
    noise = np.random.normal(mean, var ** 0.5, image.shape)
    out = image + noise
    if out.min() < 0:
        low_clip = -1.
    else:
        low_clip = 0.
    out = np.clip(out, low_clip, 1.0)
    out = np.uint8(out * 255)

    return out


def sp_noise(image,prob):

    '''
    添加椒盐噪声
    prob:噪声比例
    '''

    output = np.zeros(image.shape,np.uint8)
    thres = 1 - prob

    for i in range(image.shape[0]):
        for j in range(image.shape[1]):
            rdn = random.random()
            if rdn < prob:
                output[i][j] = 0
            elif rdn > thres:
                output[i][j] = 255
            else:
                output[i][j] = image[i][j]

    return output

img = cv2.imread("starry-night.jpg")

# 添加椒盐噪声，噪声比例为 0.02
out1 = sp_noise(img, prob=0.02)

# 添加高斯噪声，均值为0，方差为0.01
out2 = gasuss_noise(img, mean=0, var=0.01)


# 显示图像
titles = ['Original Image', 'Add Salt and Pepper noise','Add Gaussian noise']
images = [img, out1, out2]

plt.figure(figsize = (20, 15))
for i in range(3):
    plt.subplot(1,3,i+1)
    plt.imshow(images[i],'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i])
    plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

结果：

另外，还有一个功能实现，见AttributeError: ‘Image‘ object has no attribute ‘shape‘

（打开文件之后，对文件进行加噪声的处理，再显示出来）

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