有关Python的图形化界面——tkinter

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我是靠谱客的博主结实朋友，这篇文章主要介绍有关Python的图形化界面——tkinter，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

文档：

https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/tkinter.html

https://wiki.python.org/moin/TkInter

文档中的代码：

复制代码

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import tkinter as tk

class Application(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.create_widgets()

    def create_widgets(self):
        self.hi_there = tk.Button(self)
        self.hi_there["text"] = "Hello Worldn(click me)"
        self.hi_there["command"] = self.say_hi
        self.hi_there.pack(side="top")

        self.quit = tk.Button(self, text="QUIT", fg="red",
                              command=self.master.destroy)
        self.quit.pack(side="bottom")

    def say_hi(self):
        print("hi there, everyone!")

root = tk.Tk()
app = Application(master=root)
app.mainloop()

执行结果（我给拉大了一点）

点QUIT就退出界面了

点”Hello World(click me)“会输出：hi there, everyone!

参考：https://www.runoob.com/python/python-gui-tkinter.html

属性	描述
Dimension	控件大小；
Color	控件颜色；
Font	控件字体；
Anchor	锚点；
Relief	控件样式；
Bitmap	位图；
Cursor	光标；

控件	描述
Button	按钮控件；在程序中显示按钮。
Canvas	画布控件；显示图形元素如线条或文本
Checkbutton	多选框控件；用于在程序中提供多项选择框
Entry	输入控件；用于显示简单的文本内容
Frame	框架控件；在屏幕上显示一个矩形区域，多用来作为容器
Label	标签控件；可以显示文本和位图
Listbox	列表框控件；在Listbox窗口小部件是用来显示一个字符串列表给用户
Menubutton	菜单按钮控件，用于显示菜单项。
Menu	菜单控件；显示菜单栏,下拉菜单和弹出菜单
Message	消息控件；用来显示多行文本，与label比较类似
Radiobutton	单选按钮控件；显示一个单选的按钮状态
Scale	范围控件；显示一个数值刻度，为输出限定范围的数字区间
Scrollbar	滚动条控件，当内容超过可视化区域时使用，如列表框。.
Text	文本控件；用于显示多行文本
Toplevel	容器控件；用来提供一个单独的对话框，和Frame比较类似
Spinbox	输入控件；与Entry类似，但是可以指定输入范围值
PanedWindow	PanedWindow是一个窗口布局管理的插件，可以包含一个或者多个子控件。
LabelFrame	labelframe 是一个简单的容器控件。常用与复杂的窗口布局。
tkMessageBox	用于显示你应用程序的消息框。

打开图片

参考：

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/75872830?from_voters_page=true

https://blog.csdn.net/u010921682/article/details/89848375?utm_term=tkinter%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&utm_medium=distribute.pc_aggpage_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~sobaiduweb~default-2-89848375&spm=3001.4430

复制代码

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from tkinter import *
from tkinter import filedialog
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import os

window = Tk()
window.title("Open picture")
def clicked():
    file = filedialog.askopenfilenames(initialdir=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
    return file

file = clicked()
filePosition = file[0]

img = Image.open(filePosition)  # 打开图片
photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)  # 用PIL模块的PhotoImage打开
imglabel = Label(window, image=photo)
imglabel.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3)

window.mainloop()

执行结果：

灰度图像

参考：https://www.jb51.net/article/173339.htm

复制代码

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from tkinter import *
from tkinter import filedialog
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import os

window = Tk()
window.title("Open picture")
def clicked():
    file = filedialog.askopenfilenames(initialdir=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
    return file

file = clicked()
filePosition = file[0]

img = Image.open(filePosition)  # 打开图片
img = img.convert('L')

photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)  # 用PIL模块的PhotoImage打开
imglabel = Label(window, image=photo)
imglabel.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3)

window.mainloop()

结果：

如果两张图片一起显示：

复制代码

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from tkinter import *
from tkinter import filedialog
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import os

window = Tk()
window.title("Open picture")
def clicked():
    file = filedialog.askopenfilenames(initialdir=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
    return file

file = clicked()
filePosition = file[0]

img = Image.open(filePosition)  # 打开图片
Img = img.convert('L')

photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)  # 用PIL模块的PhotoImage打开
imglabel = Label(window, image=photo)
imglabel.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3)

photo1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Img)  # 用PIL模块的PhotoImage打开
imglabel = Label(window, image=photo1)
imglabel.grid(row=0, column=3, columnspan=3)

window.mainloop()

结果：

图片缩放

参考：

https://blog.csdn.net/guduruyu/article/details/70842142?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7EBlogCommendFromBaidu%7Edefault-2.control&dist_request_id=1328730.856.16167419643941449&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7EBlogCommendFromBaidu%7Edefault-2.control

复制代码

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from tkinter import *
from tkinter import filedialog
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import os

window = Tk()
window.title("Open picture")
def clicked():
    file = filedialog.askopenfilenames(initialdir=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
    return file

file = clicked()
filePosition = file[0]

img = Image.open(filePosition)  # 打开图片
img = img.resize((256,128))
Img = img.convert('L')
Img = Img.resize((256,128))
photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)  # 用PIL模块的PhotoImage打开
imglabel = Label(window, image=photo)
imglabel.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3)

photo1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Img)  # 用PIL模块的PhotoImage打开
imglabel = Label(window, image=photo1)
imglabel.grid(row=0, column=3, columnspan=3)

window.mainloop()

结果：

________________________________________________________________________

题外话，刚刚实操了一下加噪声（多亏我之前弯路走的足够多，现在连新模块都不用安装了，泪目）

照抄：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38395705/article/details/106311905

复制代码

import cv2
import random
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

def gasuss_noise(image, mean=0, var=0.001):
    '''
        添加高斯噪声
        mean : 均值
        var : 方差
    '''

image = np.array(image / 255, dtype=float)
    noise = np.random.normal(mean, var ** 0.5, image.shape)
    out = image + noise
    if out.min() < 0:
        low_clip = -1.
    else:
        low_clip = 0.
    out = np.clip(out, low_clip, 1.0)
    out = np.uint8(out * 255)

return out

def sp_noise(image,prob):

'''
    添加椒盐噪声
    prob:噪声比例
    '''

output = np.zeros(image.shape,np.uint8)
    thres = 1 - prob

for i in range(image.shape[0]):
        for j in range(image.shape[1]):
            rdn = random.random()
            if rdn < prob:
                output[i][j] = 0
            elif rdn > thres:
                output[i][j] = 255
            else:
                output[i][j] = image[i][j]

return output

img = cv2.imread("starry-night.jpg")

# 添加椒盐噪声，噪声比例为 0.02
out1 = sp_noise(img, prob=0.02)

# 添加高斯噪声，均值为0，方差为0.01
out2 = gasuss_noise(img, mean=0, var=0.01)

# 显示图像
titles = ['Original Image', 'Add Salt and Pepper noise','Add Gaussian noise']
images = [img, out1, out2]

plt.figure(figsize = (20, 15))
for i in range(3):
    plt.subplot(1,3,i+1)
    plt.imshow(images[i],'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i])
    plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

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import cv2
import random
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

def gasuss_noise(image, mean=0, var=0.001):
    '''
        添加高斯噪声
        mean : 均值
        var : 方差
    '''

    image = np.array(image / 255, dtype=float)
    noise = np.random.normal(mean, var ** 0.5, image.shape)
    out = image + noise
    if out.min() < 0:
        low_clip = -1.
    else:
        low_clip = 0.
    out = np.clip(out, low_clip, 1.0)
    out = np.uint8(out * 255)

    return out


def sp_noise(image,prob):

    '''
    添加椒盐噪声
    prob:噪声比例
    '''

    output = np.zeros(image.shape,np.uint8)
    thres = 1 - prob

    for i in range(image.shape[0]):
        for j in range(image.shape[1]):
            rdn = random.random()
            if rdn < prob:
                output[i][j] = 0
            elif rdn > thres:
                output[i][j] = 255
            else:
                output[i][j] = image[i][j]

    return output

img = cv2.imread("starry-night.jpg")

# 添加椒盐噪声，噪声比例为 0.02
out1 = sp_noise(img, prob=0.02)

# 添加高斯噪声，均值为0，方差为0.01
out2 = gasuss_noise(img, mean=0, var=0.01)


# 显示图像
titles = ['Original Image', 'Add Salt and Pepper noise','Add Gaussian noise']
images = [img, out1, out2]

plt.figure(figsize = (20, 15))
for i in range(3):
    plt.subplot(1,3,i+1)
    plt.imshow(images[i],'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i])
    plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([])
plt.show()