python实现图书管理系统——通过excel文件或者TXT文件存放数据

用python实现图书管理系统——通过excel文件或者TXT文件存放数据

话不多说，先上图，看看运行起来的效果：
由上图可知，我实现的主要功能：

1. 用户注册
2. 用户登录
3. 添加图书
4. 查询图书
5. 删除图书
6. 修改图书信息
7. 观看所有图书信息
   接下来详细介绍每个功能如何实现：
   （这里，我分别用了两种方法实现对数据的运用）
   在整个程序之前我先声明了两个全局变量，用于设立字典列表，分别存放用户信息和书籍信息：

users = []
books = []

举个例子，表明字典列表的详情：

读取数据

读取用户数据
如下为读取TXT文本数据：
每一行利用切割函数切割成相应内容，并放入列表中，再把列表内容传输到全局变量users[]中。

def ReadUsers_Information():
    fopen = open("User_Information.txt",encoding="utf-8")
    for line in fopen.readlines():
        line = str(line).replace("n", "")
        users.append({line.split()[0]:line.split()[1],line.split()[2]:line.split()[3],line.split()[4]:line.split()[5],line.split()[6]:line.split()[7]})
    fopen.close()

如下为读取excel文本数据：
每一行利用单元格读取方法将单元格内容读取，并存入列表，再将列表内容传输给users[]

def ReadUsers_Information(): wb=openpyxl.load_workbook('User_Information.xlsx')
    sh=wb['Sheet']
    max_row = sh.max_row
    max_column = sh.max_column
    head = []
    content = []
    headcolumn = 1
    column = 1
    row = 2
    while headcolumn <= max_column:
        head.append(sh.cell(1,headcolumn).value)
        headcolumn = headcolumn + 1
    while row <= max_row:
        while column <= max_column:
           content.append(sh.cell(row,column).value)
           column = column + 1
        column = 1
        row = row + 1
        users.append({head[0]:content[0],head[1]:content[1],head[2]:content[2],head[3]:content[3],})
        content.clear()

读取书籍数据
与读取用户数据同理，我就不做多咬文嚼字了。
如下为读取TXT文本数据：

def ReadBooks_Information():
    fopen = open("Book_Information.txt",encoding="utf-8" )
    for line in fopen.readlines():
        line = str(line).replace("n", "")
        if line != '':              #防止line为空的时候执行下列写入语句导致出错
            books.append({line.split()[0]: line.split()[1], line.split()[2]: line.split()[3], line.split()[4]: line.split()[5],} )
    fopen.close()

如下为读取excel文本数据：

def ReadBooks_Information():
    wb = openpyxl.load_workbook( 'Book_Information.xlsx' )
    sh = wb['Sheet']
    max_row = sh.max_row
    max_column = sh.max_column
    head = []
    content = []
    headcolumn = 1
    column = 1
    row = 2
    while headcolumn <= max_column:
        head.append( sh.cell( 1, headcolumn ).value )
        headcolumn = headcolumn + 1
    while row <= max_row:
        while column <= max_column:
            content.append( sh.cell( row, column ).value )
            column = column + 1
        column = 1
        row = row + 1
        books.append( {head[0]: content[0], head[1]: content[1], head[2]: content[2],} )
        content.clear()

用户注册

将用户数据存放在TXT文件中：
用open()方法连接TXT文件，
再用write()方法写入数据，
最后还需记得要用close()方法
函数如下：

def AddUsers():
    fopen = open("User_Information.txt",'a+',encoding="utf-8")
    input_name=str(input("请输入新用户名:"))
    input_passwd=str(input("请输入密码:"))
    for user in users:
        if input_name==user['name']:
            print("用户名已存在")
            break
    else:
        fopen.write("nnamet"+input_name+"tpasswdt"+input_passwd+"tstatet1tcountt3")
        fopen.close()

将用户信息存放在excel文件中：
我引用的是openpyxl包
打开excel文件方法：

wb=	openpyxl.load.workbook("excel文件名")

打开相对应表单方法：

sh=wb['表单名']

函数如下：

def AddUsers():
    input_name=str(input("请输入新用户名:"))
    input_passwd=str(input("请输入密码:"))
    for user in users:
        if input_name==user['name']:
            print("用户名已存在")
            break
    else:
        wb = openpyxl.load_workbook("User_Information.xlsx")
        sh = wb['Sheet']
        max_row = sh.max_row
        max_column = sh.max_column
        number = 1
        content = [input_name,input_passwd,1,3]
        while number <=max_column:
            sh.cell(row=max_row+1,column=number,value=content[number-1])
            number = number + 1
        wb.save("User_Information.xlsx")
        print("新用户创建完成")

用户登陆

需要注意声明的是，在这里增加了一个概念，就是输入三次错误密码，就会把该用户锁定。
函数如下：

def Login ():
    input_name=input("请输入用户名:")
    input_passwd=input("请输入密码:")
    for user in users:
        if input_name==user['name']:
            if user['state']=='0':
                print("账户被锁定")
                break
            if input_passwd==user['passwd']:
                print("登陆成功")
                print("您的用户名为：",user['name'])
                return 1;
            else:
                print("密码错误")
                user['count'] = str(int(user['count']) - 1)
                if user['count']=='0':
                    user['state']='0'
                    print("账户被锁定")
                else:
                    print("你还有",user['count'],"次机会")
            break
    else:
        print("用户名错误或未注册")

添加图书

将图书信息添加到TXT文本中：
此处运用的是写方法write()

def AddBook():
    fopen = open( "Book_Information.txt", 'a+' ,encoding="utf-8")
    input_bookName = str( input( "请输入新图书名:" ) )
    input_author = str( input( "请输入作者:" ) )
    for book in books:
        if input_bookName == book['bookName']:
            print( "图书已存在" )
            break
    else:
        bookID = str(int(book['bookID']) + 1)
        fopen.write( "nbookNamet" + input_bookName + "tbookIDt" + bookID + "tauthort" + input_author )
        fopen.close()
        print("图书添加成功")

将图书信息添加到excel文本中
这里运用的是cell()方法，把新增信息一个一个按行、按列输入内容，最后一定记得用save()方法保存操作。

def AddBook():
    input_bookName = str( input( "请输入新图书名:" ) )
    input_author = str( input( "请输入作者:" ) )
    for book in books:
        if input_bookName == book['bookName']:
            print( "图书已存在" )
            break
    else:
        wb = openpyxl.load_workbook( "Book_Information.xlsx" )
        sh = wb['Sheet']
        max_row = sh.max_row
        max_column = sh.max_column
        number = 1
        bookID = int( book['bookID'] ) + 1
        content = [input_bookName, bookID ,input_author]
        while number <= max_column:
            sh.cell( row=max_row + 1, column=number, value=content[number - 1] )
            number = number + 1
        wb.save( "Book_Information.xlsx" )
        print( "图书添加成功" )

查询图书

查询图书只需遍历books[]即可。

def SearchBook_ByName():
    Search_bookName = input("请输入要找的书籍名：")
    for book in books:
        if Search_bookName == book['bookName']:
            print(book)
            break
    else:
        print("未找到您要找的书籍...")

删除图书

信息存放在TXT文件时：
通过bookName遍历查询books[]中每行内容，如果该行没有查询到相应内容， 则写入TXT文本，但如果改行查询到相应内容，则用continue跳过写入，完整循环后，则删除图书完成。

def DeleteBook_ByName():
    bookName_Input = input("请输入要删除的书籍名：")
    for book in books:
        if bookName_Input == book['bookName']:
            readfile = open( "Book_Information.txt", "r" ,encoding="utf-8")
            lines = readfile.readlines()
            readfile.close()
            writefile = open( "Book_Information.txt", "w" ,encoding="utf-8")
            for line in lines:
                if bookName_Input in line:
                    continue
                writefile.write(line)
            print("删除成功")
            writefile.close()
            break
    else:
        print("本书籍本就不在图书库中")

信息存放在excel文件中时：
先遍历查询，再利用delete_rows()方法删除整行即可

def DeleteBook_ByName():
    bookName_Input = input( "请输入要删除的书籍名：" )
    for book in books:
        if bookName_Input == book['bookName']:
            wb = openpyxl.load_workbook( 'Book_Information.xlsx' )
            sh = wb['Sheet']
            max_row = sh.max_row
            #max_column = sh.max_column
            column = 1
            row = 2
            while row <= max_row:
                content = sh.cell( row, column ).value
                if content == bookName_Input:
                    sh.delete_rows(row,1)
                    wb.save( "Book_Information.xlsx" )
                    print( "图书删除成功" )
                    break
                row = row + 1
            break
    else:
        print( "本书籍本就不在图书库中" )

修改图书信息

将图书信息存放在TXT文本中：
这里由于图书信息只有书名和作者，所以我这里只提供了如何修改作者名的方法，如若需修改其他数据，类推即可。
遍历查询到图书名后，先打开只读文件，拿出数据到lines中，再打开可写文件，通过遍历lines找到对应位置，再重新输入对应行信息。

def ChangeBookInformation_ByName():
    bookName_Input = input("请输入要修改的书籍名：")
    for book in books:
        if bookName_Input == book['bookName']:
            readfile = open( "Book_Information.txt", "r" ,encoding="utf-8")
            lines = readfile.readlines()
            readfile.close()
            writefile = open( "Book_Information.txt", "w" ,encoding="utf-8")
            for line in lines:
                if bookName_Input in line:
                    newAuthor_Input = input("请修改作者名为：")
                    line = 'bookNamet'+bookName_Input+'tbookIDt'+book['bookID']+'tauthort'+newAuthor_Input+'n'
                writefile.write(line)
            print( "修改成功" )
            writefile.close()
            break

将图书信息存放在excel文本中：
思路与上面大体相同，所用方法不一罢了。所以不做更详细的解释，以免啰嗦，直接上代码。

def ChangeBookInformation_ByName():
    bookName_Input = str(input( "请输入要修改的书籍名：" ))
    for book in books:
        if bookName_Input == book['bookName']:
            wb = openpyxl.load_workbook( 'Book_Information.xlsx' )
            sh = wb['Sheet']
            max_row = sh.max_row
            max_column = sh.max_column
            column = 1
            row = 2
            while row <= max_row:
                content = sh.cell( row, column ).value
                if content == bookName_Input:
                    newAuthor_Input = str(input( "请修改作者名为：" ))
                    sh.cell(row,max_column).value = newAuthor_Input
                    wb.save( "Book_Information.xlsx" )
                    print( "图书修改成功" )
                    break
                row = row + 1
            break
    else:
        print("未找到该书籍")

观看所有图书信息

直接遍历打印一遍books[]即可

for book in books:
	print(book)

总结

整个图书管理系统体现的是对字典列表和文件读写方面的操作。如何能够更恰当的把数据增删改查，是这个系统的重点。

附件

这里用截图的方式展示TXT文件和excel表格内的格式

鉴于我经常无法及时看到私信，我就直接把代码贴出来吧。

# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
# @author:YoungKey
# @date:2020/10/24
# @Email:2435575874@qq.com
import openpyxl
users = []
books = []

def ReadUsers_Information():
    # fopen = open("User_Information.txt",encoding="utf-8")
    # for line in fopen.readlines():
    #     line = str(line).replace("n", "")
    #     users.append({line.split()[0]:line.split()[1],line.split()[2]:line.split()[3],line.split()[4]:line.split()[5],line.split()[6]:line.split()[7]})
    # fopen.close()
    wb=openpyxl.load_workbook('User_Information.xlsx')
    sh=wb['Sheet']
    max_row = sh.max_row
    max_column = sh.max_column
    head = []
    content = []
    headcolumn = 1
    column = 1
    row = 2
    while headcolumn <= max_column:
        head.append(sh.cell(1,headcolumn).value)
        headcolumn = headcolumn + 1
    while row <= max_row:
        while column <= max_column:
           content.append(sh.cell(row,column).value)
           column = column + 1
        column = 1
        row = row + 1
        users.append({head[0]:content[0],head[1]:content[1],head[2]:content[2],head[3]:content[3],})
        content.clear()

def ReadBooks_Information():
    # fopen = open("Book_Information.txt",encoding="utf-8" )
    # for line in fopen.readlines():
    #     line = str(line).replace("n", "")
    #     if line != '':              #防止line为空的时候执行下列写入语句导致出错
    #         books.append({line.split()[0]: line.split()[1], line.split()[2]: line.split()[3], line.split()[4]: line.split()[5],} )
    # fopen.close()
    wb = openpyxl.load_workbook( 'Book_Information.xlsx' )
    sh = wb['Sheet']
    max_row = sh.max_row
    max_column = sh.max_column
    head = []
    content = []
    headcolumn = 1
    column = 1
    row = 2
    while headcolumn <= max_column:
        head.append( sh.cell( 1, headcolumn ).value )
        headcolumn = headcolumn + 1
    while row <= max_row:
        while column <= max_column:
            content.append( sh.cell( row, column ).value )
            column = column + 1
        column = 1
        row = row + 1
        books.append( {head[0]: content[0], head[1]: content[1], head[2]: content[2],} )
        content.clear()

def Login ():
    input_name=input("请输入用户名:")
    input_passwd=input("请输入密码:")
    for user in users:
        if input_name==user['name']:
            if user['state']=='0':
                print("账户被锁定")
                break
            if input_passwd==user['passwd']:
                print("登陆成功")
                print("您的用户名为：",user['name'])
                return 1;
            else:
                print("密码错误")
                user['count'] = str(int(user['count']) - 1)
                if user['count']=='0':
                    user['state']='0'
                    print("账户被锁定")
                else:
                    print("你还有",user['count'],"次机会")
            break
    else:
        print("用户名错误或未注册")

def MenuOfUserLogin():
    print('''
        [1]:用户注册
        [2]:用户登陆
    ''')
    select=input("请输入您的选项：")
    return select

def MenuOfLibrary():
    print('''
        [1]:添加图书
        [2]:查询图书
        [3]:删除图书
        [4]:修改图书信息
        [5]:观看所有图书信息
        [6]:退出
    ''')
    select=input("请输入您的选项：")
    return select

def AddUsers():
    # fopen = open("User_Information.txt",'a+',encoding="utf-8")
    # input_name=str(input("请输入新用户名:"))
    # input_passwd=str(input("请输入密码:"))
    # for user in users:
    #     if input_name==user['name']:
    #         print("用户名已存在")
    #         break
    # else:
    #     fopen.write("nnamet"+input_name+"tpasswdt"+input_passwd+"tstatet1tcountt3")
    #     fopen.close()
    input_name=str(input("请输入新用户名:"))
    input_passwd=str(input("请输入密码:"))
    for user in users:
        if input_name==user['name']:
            print("用户名已存在")
            break
    else:
        wb = openpyxl.load_workbook("User_Information.xlsx")
        sh = wb['Sheet']
        max_row = sh.max_row
        max_column = sh.max_column
        number = 1
        content = [input_name,input_passwd,1,3]
        while number <=max_column:
            sh.cell(row=max_row+1,column=number,value=content[number-1])
            number = number + 1
        wb.save("User_Information.xlsx")
        print("新用户创建完成")

def AddBook():
    # fopen = open( "Book_Information.txt", 'a+' ,encoding="utf-8")
    # input_bookName = str( input( "请输入新图书名:" ) )
    # input_author = str( input( "请输入作者:" ) )
    # for book in books:
    #     if input_bookName == book['bookName']:
    #         print( "图书已存在" )
    #         break
    # else:
    #     bookID = str(int(book['bookID']) + 1)
    #     fopen.write( "nbookNamet" + input_bookName + "tbookIDt" + bookID + "tauthort" + input_author )
    #     fopen.close()
    #     print("图书添加成功")
    input_bookName = str( input( "请输入新图书名:" ) )
    input_author = str( input( "请输入作者:" ) )
    for book in books:
        if input_bookName == book['bookName']:
            print( "图书已存在" )
            break
    else:
        wb = openpyxl.load_workbook( "Book_Information.xlsx" )
        sh = wb['Sheet']
        max_row = sh.max_row
        max_column = sh.max_column
        number = 1
        bookID = int( book['bookID'] ) + 1
        content = [input_bookName, bookID ,input_author]
        while number <= max_column:
            sh.cell( row=max_row + 1, column=number, value=content[number - 1] )
            number = number + 1
        wb.save( "Book_Information.xlsx" )
        print( "图书添加成功" )

def SearchBook_ByName():
    Search_bookName = input("请输入要找的书籍名：")
    for book in books:
        if Search_bookName == book['bookName']:
            print(book)
            break
    else:
        print("未找到您要找的书籍...")

def DeleteBook_ByName():
    # bookName_Input = input("请输入要删除的书籍名：")
    # for book in books:
    #     if bookName_Input == book['bookName']:
    #         readfile = open( "Book_Information.txt", "r" ,encoding="utf-8")
    #         lines = readfile.readlines()
    #         readfile.close()
    #         writefile = open( "Book_Information.txt", "w" ,encoding="utf-8")
    #         for line in lines:
    #             if bookName_Input in line:
    #                 continue
    #             writefile.write(line)
    #         print("删除成功")
    #         writefile.close()
    #         break
    # else:
    #     print("本书籍本就不在图书库中")
    bookName_Input = input( "请输入要删除的书籍名：" )
    for book in books:
        if bookName_Input == book['bookName']:
            wb = openpyxl.load_workbook( 'Book_Information.xlsx' )
            sh = wb['Sheet']
            max_row = sh.max_row
            #max_column = sh.max_column
            column = 1
            row = 2
            while row <= max_row:
                content = sh.cell( row, column ).value
                if content == bookName_Input:
                    sh.delete_rows(row,1)
                    wb.save( "Book_Information.xlsx" )
                    print( "图书删除成功" )
                    break
                row = row + 1
            break
    else:
        print( "本书籍本就不在图书库中" )

def ChangeBookInformation_ByName():
    # bookName_Input = input("请输入要修改的书籍名：")
    # for book in books:
    #     if bookName_Input == book['bookName']:
    #         readfile = open( "Book_Information.txt", "r" ,encoding="utf-8")
    #         lines = readfile.readlines()
    #         readfile.close()
    #         writefile = open( "Book_Information.txt", "w" ,encoding="utf-8")
    #         for line in lines:
    #             if bookName_Input in line:
    #                 newAuthor_Input = input("请修改作者名为：")
    #                 line = 'bookNamet'+bookName_Input+'tbookIDt'+book['bookID']+'tauthort'+newAuthor_Input+'n'
    #             writefile.write(line)
    #         print( "修改成功" )
    #         writefile.close()
    #         break
    bookName_Input = str(input( "请输入要修改的书籍名：" ))
    for book in books:
        if bookName_Input == book['bookName']:
            wb = openpyxl.load_workbook( 'Book_Information.xlsx' )
            sh = wb['Sheet']
            max_row = sh.max_row
            max_column = sh.max_column
            column = 1
            row = 2
            while row <= max_row:
                content = sh.cell( row, column ).value
                if content == bookName_Input:
                    newAuthor_Input = str(input( "请修改作者名为：" ))
                    sh.cell(row,max_column).value = newAuthor_Input
                    wb.save( "Book_Information.xlsx" )
                    print( "图书修改成功" )
                    break
                row = row + 1
            break
    else:
        print("未找到该书籍")

if __name__=="__main__":
    ReadUsers_Information()
    ReadBooks_Information()
    while True:
        select = MenuOfUserLogin()
        if select == '1':
            AddUsers()
            ReadUsers_Information()
        elif select=='2':
            while True:
                success = Login()
                if success == 1:
                   while True:
                        select = MenuOfLibrary()
                        if select == '1':
                            AddBook()
                            books.clear()
                            ReadBooks_Information()
                        elif select == '2':
                            SearchBook_ByName()
                        elif select == '3':
                            DeleteBook_ByName()
                            books.clear()
                            ReadBooks_Information()
                        elif select == '4':
                            ChangeBookInformation_ByName()
                            books.clear()
                            ReadBooks_Information()
                        elif select == '5':
                            for book in books:
                                print(book)
                        elif select == '6':
                            exit(0)
                        else:
                            print("输入错误，请重新输入！")
        else:
            print("输入错误，请重新输入！")

声明：本文转载需注明出处。

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