Lombok

每个用Java的孩子都应该了解下Lombok

Lombok主要依赖编译时代码生成技术，帮你自动生成基于模板的常用的Java代码，譬如最常见的Getter与Setter。之前动态的插入Getter与Setter主要有两种，一个是像Intellij与Eclipse这样在开发时动态插入，缺点是这样虽然不用你手动写，但是还是会让你的代码异常的冗长。另一种是通过类似于Spring这样基于注解的在运行时利用反射动态添加，不过这样的缺陷是会影响性能，并且有一定局限性。

文章的Github Repo
部分测试代码参考这里

Quick Start

Installation

笔者目前用的开发环境是Intellij+Gradle，这里只介绍下这种搭建方式，其他的基于Eclipse或者Maven的可以到官网主页查看。

（1）在Intellij中添加Plugin

• Go to File > Settings > Plugins

• Click on Browse repositories...

• Search for Lombok Plugin

• Click on Install plugin

• Restart Android Studio

（2）允许注解处理

• Settings -> Compiler -> Annotation Processors

（3）Gradle中添加依赖

compile "org.projectlombok:lombok:1.12.6"

动态类型推导

Data Model:数据模型

Getter&Setter

源代码：

import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
public class GetterSetterExample {
/**
* Age of the person. Water is wet.
*
* @param age New value for this person's age. Sky is blue.
* @return The current value of this person's age. Circles are round.
*/
@Getter @Setter private int age = 10;
/**
* Name of the person.
* -- SETTER --
* Changes the name of this person.
*
* @param name The new value.
*/
@Setter(AccessLevel.PROTECTED) private String name;
@Override public String toString() {
return String.format("%s (age: %d)", name, age);
}
}

编译之后的代码：

public class GetterSetterExample {
/**
* Age of the person. Water is wet.
*/
private int age = 10;
/**
* Name of the person.
*/
private String name;
@Override public String toString() {
return String.format("%s (age: %d)", name, age);
}
/**
* Age of the person. Water is wet.
*
* @return The current value of this person's age. Circles are round.
*/
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
/**
* Age of the person. Water is wet.
*
* @param age New value for this person's age. Sky is blue.
*/
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
/**
* Changes the name of this person.
*
* @param name The new value.
*/
protected void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}

Lazy Getter

源代码：

import lombok.Getter;
public class GetterLazyExample {
@Getter(lazy=true) private final double[] cached = expensive();
private double[] expensive() {
double[] result = new double[1000000];
for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
result[i] = Math.asin(i);
}
return result;
}
}

编译之后：

public class GetterSetterExample {
/**
* Age of the person. Water is wet.
*/
private int age = 10;
/**
* Name of the person.
*/
private String name;
@Override public String toString() {
return String.format("%s (age: %d)", name, age);
}
/**
* Age of the person. Water is wet.
*
* @return The current value of this person's age. Circles are round.
*/
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
/**
* Age of the person. Water is wet.
*
* @param age New value for this person's age. Sky is blue.
*/
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
/**
* Changes the name of this person.
*
* @param name The new value.
*/
protected void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}

Data

源代码:

import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.ToString;
@Data public class DataExample {
private final String name;
@Setter(AccessLevel.PACKAGE) private int age;
private double score;
private String[] tags;
@ToString(includeFieldNames=true)
@Data(staticConstructor="of")
public static class Exercise<T> {
private final String name;
private final T value;
}
}

编译后：

import java.util.Arrays;
public class DataExample {
private final String name;
private int age;
private double score;
private String[] tags;
public DataExample(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public int getAge() {
return this.age;
}
public void setScore(double score) {
this.score = score;
}
public double getScore() {
return this.score;
}
public String[] getTags() {
return this.tags;
}
public void setTags(String[] tags) {
this.tags = tags;
}
@Override public String toString() {
return "DataExample(" + this.getName() + ", " + this.getAge() + ", " + this.getScore() + ", " + Arrays.deepToString(this.getTags()) + ")";
}
protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {
return other instanceof DataExample;
}
@Override public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this) return true;
if (!(o instanceof DataExample)) return false;
DataExample other = (DataExample) o;
if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;
if (this.getName() == null ? other.getName() != null : !this.getName().equals(other.getName())) return false;
if (this.getAge() != other.getAge()) return false;
if (Double.compare(this.getScore(), other.getScore()) != 0) return false;
if (!Arrays.deepEquals(this.getTags(), other.getTags())) return false;
return true;
}
@Override public int hashCode() {
final int PRIME = 59;
int result = 1;
final long temp1 = Double.doubleToLongBits(this.getScore());
result = (result*PRIME) + (this.getName() == null ? 43 : this.getName().hashCode());
result = (result*PRIME) + this.getAge();
result = (result*PRIME) + (int)(temp1 ^ (temp1 >>> 32));
result = (result*PRIME) + Arrays.deepHashCode(this.getTags());
return result;
}
public static class Exercise<T> {
private final String name;
private final T value;
private Exercise(String name, T value) {
this.name = name;
this.value = value;
}
public static <T> Exercise<T> of(String name, T value) {
return new Exercise<T>(name, value);
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public T getValue() {
return this.value;
}
@Override public String toString() {
return "Exercise(name=" + this.getName() + ", value=" + this.getValue() + ")";
}
protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {
return other instanceof Exercise;
}
@Override public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this) return true;
if (!(o instanceof Exercise)) return false;
Exercise<?> other = (Exercise<?>) o;
if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;
if (this.getName() == null ? other.getValue() != null : !this.getName().equals(other.getName())) return false;
if (this.getValue() == null ? other.getValue() != null : !this.getValue().equals(other.getValue())) return false;
return true;
}
@Override public int hashCode() {
final int PRIME = 59;
int result = 1;
result = (result*PRIME) + (this.getName() == null ? 43 : this.getName().hashCode());
result = (result*PRIME) + (this.getValue() == null ? 43 : this.getValue().hashCode());
return result;
}
}
}

Object

Constructor

源代码

import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.NonNull;
@RequiredArgsConstructor(staticName = "of")
@AllArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PROTECTED)
public class ConstructorExample<T> {
private int x, y;
@NonNull private T description;
@NoArgsConstructor
public static class NoArgsExample {
@NonNull private String field;
}
}

编译之后：

public class ConstructorExample<T> {
private int x, y;
@NonNull private T description;
private ConstructorExample(T description) {
if (description == null) throw new NullPointerException("description");
this.description = description;
}
public static <T> ConstructorExample<T> of(T description) {
return new ConstructorExample<T>(description);
}
@java.beans.ConstructorProperties({"x", "y", "description"})
protected ConstructorExample(int x, int y, T description) {
if (description == null) throw new NullPointerException("description");
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.description = description;
}
public static class NoArgsExample {
@NonNull private String field;
public NoArgsExample() {
}
}
}

Builder

源代码：

package wx.toolkits.basic.class_object.utils.lombok.object;
import lombok.experimental.Builder;
import java.util.Set;
@Builder
public class BuilderExample {
private String name;
private int age;
private Set<String> occupations;
public static void main(String args[]) {
BuilderExample builderExample = BuilderExample.builder().build();
}
}

编译之后的源代码：

import java.util.Set;
public class BuilderExample {
private String name;
private int age;
private Set<String> occupations;
BuilderExample(String name, int age, Set<String> occupations) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.occupations = occupations;
}
public static BuilderExampleBuilder builder() {
return new BuilderExampleBuilder();
}
public static class BuilderExampleBuilder {
private String name;
private int age;
private java.util.ArrayList<String> occupations;
BuilderExampleBuilder() {
}
public BuilderExampleBuilder name(String name) {
this.name = name;
return this;
}
public BuilderExampleBuilder age(int age) {
this.age = age;
return this;
}
public BuilderExampleBuilder occupation(String occupation) {
if (this.occupations == null) {
this.occupations = new java.util.ArrayList<String>();
}
this.occupations.add(occupation);
return this;
}
public BuilderExampleBuilder occupations(Collection<? extends String> occupations) {
if (this.occupations == null) {
this.occupations = new java.util.ArrayList<String>();
}
this.occupations.addAll(occupations);
return this;
}
public BuilderExampleBuilder clearOccupations() {
if (this.occupations != null) {
this.occupations.clear();
}
return this;
}
public BuilderExample build() {
// complicated switch statement to produce a compact properly sized immutable set omitted.
// go to https://projectlombok.org/features/Singular-snippet.html to see it.
Set<String> occupations = ...;
return new BuilderExample(name, age, occupations);
}
@java.lang.Override
public String toString() {
return "BuilderExample.BuilderExampleBuilder(name = " + this.name + ", age = " + this.age + ", occupations = " + this.occupations + ")";
}
}
}

Exception:异常处理

NonNull

源代码：

import lombok.NonNull;
public class NonNullExample extends Something {
private String name;
public NonNullExample(@NonNull Person person) {
super("Hello");
this.name = person.getName();
}
}

编译之后：

import lombok.NonNull;
public class NonNullExample extends Something {
private String name;
public NonNullExample(@NonNull Person person) {
super("Hello");
if (person == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("person");
}
this.name = person.getName();
}
}

SneakyThrows

源代码：

import lombok.SneakyThrows;
public class SneakyThrowsExample implements Runnable {
@SneakyThrows(UnsupportedEncodingException.class)
public String utf8ToString(byte[] bytes) {
return new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
}
@SneakyThrows
public void run() {
throw new Throwable();
}
}

编译之后：

import lombok.Lombok;
public class SneakyThrowsExample implements Runnable {
public String utf8ToString(byte[] bytes) {
try {
return new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
throw Lombok.sneakyThrow(e);
}
}
public void run() {
try {
throw new Throwable();
} catch (Throwable t) {
throw Lombok.sneakyThrow(t);
}
}
}

Thread:线程

Synchronized

源代码：

import lombok.Synchronized;
public class SynchronizedExample {
private final Object readLock = new Object();
@Synchronized
public static void hello() {
System.out.println("world");
}
@Synchronized
public int answerToLife() {
return 42;
}
@Synchronized("readLock")
public void foo() {
System.out.println("bar");
}
}

编译之后：

public class SynchronizedExample {
private static final Object $LOCK = new Object[0];
private final Object $lock = new Object[0];
private final Object readLock = new Object();
public static void hello() {
synchronized($LOCK) {
System.out.println("world");
}
}
public int answerToLife() {
synchronized($lock) {
return 42;
}
}
public void foo() {
synchronized(readLock) {
System.out.println("bar");
}
}
}

Utils

Cleanup

源代码：

import lombok.Cleanup;
import java.io.*;
public class CleanupExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
@Cleanup InputStream in = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
@Cleanup OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(args[1]);
byte[] b = new byte[10000];
while (true) {
int r = in.read(b);
if (r == -1) break;
out.write(b, 0, r);
}
}
}

编译之后：

import java.io.*;
public class CleanupExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
try {
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(args[1]);
try {
byte[] b = new byte[10000];
while (true) {
int r = in.read(b);
if (r == -1) break;
out.write(b, 0, r);
}
} finally {
if (out != null) {
out.close();
}
}
} finally {
if (in != null) {
in.close();
}
}
}
}

Log:日志

使用@Log或者类似注解可以为类自动创建一个log对象，其效果如下所示：

@CommonsLog
Creates private static final org.apache.commons.logging.Log log = org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogExample.class);
@Log
Creates private static final java.util.logging.Logger log = java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(LogExample.class.getName());
@Log4j
Creates private static final org.apache.log4j.Logger log = org.apache.log4j.Logger.getLogger(LogExample.class);
@Log4j2
Creates private static final org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger log = org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager.getLogger(LogExample.class);
@Slf4j
Creates private static final org.slf4j.Logger log = org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogExample.class);
@XSlf4j
Creates private static final org.slf4j.ext.XLogger log = org.slf4j.ext.XLoggerFactory.getXLogger(LogExample.class);

使用了Lombok之后的代码如下：

import lombok.extern.java.Log;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Log
public class LogExample {
public static void main(String... args) {
log.error("Something's wrong here");
}
}
@Slf4j
public class LogExampleOther {
public static void main(String... args) {
log.error("Something else is wrong here");
}
}
@CommonsLog(topic="CounterLog")
public class LogExampleCategory {
public static void main(String... args) {
log.error("Calling the 'CounterLog' with a message");
}
}

编译之后的代码如下：

public class LogExample {
private static final java.util.logging.Logger log = java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(LogExample.class.getName());
public static void main(String... args) {
log.error("Something's wrong here");
}
}
public class LogExampleOther {
private static final org.slf4j.Logger log = org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogExampleOther.class);
public static void main(String... args) {
log.error("Something else is wrong here");
}
}
public class LogExampleCategory {
private static final org.apache.commons.logging.Log log = org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog("CounterLog");
public static void main(String... args) {
log.error("Calling the 'CounterLog' with a message");
}
}

其他可配置的参数为：

• lombok.log.fieldName = an identifier (default: log)

The generated logger fieldname is by default 'log', but you can change it to a different name with this setting.

• lombok.log.fieldIsStatic = [true | false] (default: true)

Normally the generated logger is a static field. By setting this key to false, the generated field will be an instance field instead.

• lombok.log.flagUsage = [warning | error] (default: not set)

Lombok will flag any usage of any of the various log annotations as a warning or error if configured.

• lombok.log.apacheCommons.flagUsage = [warning | error] (default: not set)

Lombok will flag any usage of @lombok.extern.apachecommons.CommonsLog as a warning or error if configured.

• lombok.log.javaUtilLogging.flagUsage = [warning | error] (default: not set)

Lombok will flag any usage of @lombok.extern.java.Log as a warning or error if configured.

• lombok.log.log4j.flagUsage = [warning | error] (default: not set)

Lombok will flag any usage of @lombok.extern.log4j.Log4j as a warning or error if configured.

• lombok.log.log4j2.flagUsage = [warning | error] (default: not set)

Lombok will flag any usage of @lombok.extern.log4j.Log4j2 as a warning or error if configured.

• lombok.log.slf4j.flagUsage = [warning | error] (default: not set)

Lombok will flag any usage of @lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j as a warning or error if configured.

• lombok.log.xslf4j.flagUsage = [warning | error] (default: not set)

Lombok will flag any usage of @lombok.extern.slf4j.XSlf4j as a warning or error if configured.