我是靠谱客的博主 安详鸡,这篇文章主要介绍FFmpeg Encode(编码),现在分享给大家,希望可以做个参考。

首发地址,会更错

本文来自官方例子doc/examples/encode_audio.cdoc/examples/encode_video.c

FFmpeg编码流程

流程

其中,AVFormatContext、AVPacket等重要的结构体请看:FFmpeg重要结构体(转自雷神) 。

官方例子【Audio】

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/** * @author 秦城季 * @email xhunmon@126.com * @Blog https://qincji.gitee.io * @date 2021/01/07 * description: 来自官方例子:doc/examples/encode_audio.c * 主要思路: * 1、初始化编码器信息 * 2、从文件(或者生成)读取裸流数据到每个AVFrame中 * 3、把每个AVFrame通过编码器生成编码后数据的AVPacket * 4、使用AVFormatContext封装到文件中进行输出 * * <br> */ #include <stdint.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> extern "C"{ #include <libavformat/avformat.h> #include <libavcodec/avcodec.h> #include <libavutil/channel_layout.h> #include <libavutil/common.h> #include <libavutil/frame.h> #include <libavutil/samplefmt.h> } /* check that a given sample format is supported by the encoder */ static int check_sample_fmt(const AVCodec *codec, enum AVSampleFormat sample_fmt) { const enum AVSampleFormat *p = codec->sample_fmts; while (*p != AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE) { if (*p == sample_fmt) return 1; p++; } return 0; } /* just pick the highest supported samplerate */ static int select_sample_rate(const AVCodec *codec) { const int *p; int best_samplerate = 0; if (!codec->supported_samplerates) return 44100; p = codec->supported_samplerates; while (*p) { if (!best_samplerate || abs(44100 - *p) < abs(44100 - best_samplerate)) best_samplerate = *p; p++; } return best_samplerate; } /* select layout with the highest channel count */ static int select_channel_layout(const AVCodec *codec) { const uint64_t *p; uint64_t best_ch_layout = 0; int best_nb_channels = 0; if (!codec->channel_layouts) return AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO; p = codec->channel_layouts; while (*p) { int nb_channels = av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(*p); if (nb_channels > best_nb_channels) { best_ch_layout = *p; best_nb_channels = nb_channels; } p++; } return best_ch_layout; } static int f_index = 0; static void encode(AVCodecContext *ctx, AVFrame *frame, AVPacket *pkt, FILE *output,AVFormatContext *ofmt_ctx) { int ret; /* send the frame for encoding */ ret = avcodec_send_frame(ctx, frame); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error sending the frame to the encodern"); exit(1); } /* read all the available output packets (in general there may be any * number of them */ while (ret >= 0) { ret = avcodec_receive_packet(ctx, pkt); if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF) return; else if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding audio framen"); exit(1); } //(封装——数据写入) //Convert PTS/DTS pkt->pts = f_index *100; pkt->dts = f_index *100; pkt->pos = -1; pkt->stream_index = 0; printf("Write 1 Packet. size:%5dtpts:%lldn", pkt->size, pkt->pts); //Write if (av_interleaved_write_frame(ofmt_ctx, pkt) < 0) { printf("Error muxing packetn"); break; } f_index++; av_packet_unref(pkt); } } int main(int argc, char **argv) { const char *outFilename, *inFilename; const AVCodec *codec; AVCodecContext *c= NULL; AVFrame *frame; AVPacket *pkt; int i, j, k, ret; FILE *outFile, *inFile; outFilename = "output/Kobe.aac"; inFilename = "source/Kobe.pcm"; remove(outFilename); //获取 AVCodec codec = avcodec_find_encoder(AV_CODEC_ID_AAC); if (!codec) { fprintf(stderr, "Codec not foundn"); exit(1); } //获取AVCodecContext c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec); if (!c) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate audio codec contextn"); exit(1); } //设置编码参数: c->bit_rate = 34000; c->sample_fmt = AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLTP; //音频:检测当前编码器是否支持采样格式 if (!check_sample_fmt(codec, c->sample_fmt)) { fprintf(stderr, "Encoder does not support sample format %s", av_get_sample_fmt_name(c->sample_fmt)); exit(1); } /* select other audio parameters supported by the encoder */ c->sample_rate = select_sample_rate(codec); c->channel_layout = select_channel_layout(codec); c->channels = av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(c->channel_layout); //初始化AVCodecContext if (avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open codecn"); exit(1); } inFile = fopen(inFilename, "rb"); if (!inFile) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %sn", inFilename); exit(1); } outFile = fopen(outFilename, "wb+"); if (!outFile) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %sn", outFilename); exit(1); } /* packet for holding encoded output */ pkt = av_packet_alloc(); if (!pkt) { fprintf(stderr, "could not allocate the packetn"); exit(1); } /* frame containing input raw audio */ frame = av_frame_alloc(); if (!frame) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate audio framen"); exit(1); } //设置 AVFrame的参数 frame->nb_samples = c->frame_size; frame->format = c->sample_fmt; frame->channel_layout = c->channel_layout; /* allocate the data buffers */ ret = av_frame_get_buffer(frame, 0); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate audio data buffersn"); exit(1); } /***************************************************************************/ /***************** 以下是对PCM编码后的AVPacket数据再进行封装成AAC ******/ /***************************************************************************/ //(封装——初始化) //Output AVFormatContext *ofmt_ctx = NULL; AVOutputFormat *ofmt = NULL; avformat_alloc_output_context2(&ofmt_ctx, NULL, NULL, outFilename); if (!ofmt_ctx) { printf("Could not create output contextn"); return -1; } ofmt = ofmt_ctx->oformat; AVStream *out_stream = avformat_new_stream(ofmt_ctx, codec); //Copy the settings of AVCodecContext if (avcodec_copy_context(out_stream->codec, c) < 0) { printf("Failed to copy context from input to output stream codec contextn"); return -1; } out_stream->codec->codec_tag = 0; if (ofmt_ctx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER) out_stream->codec->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER; /* open the output file, if needed */ if (!(ofmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) { if (avio_open(&ofmt_ctx->pb, outFilename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE)) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open '%s': %sn", outFilename, av_err2str(ret)); return -1; } } //Write file header //(封装——文件头) if (avformat_write_header(ofmt_ctx, NULL) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error occurred when opening output file: %sn", av_err2str(ret)); return -1; } //每个通道占的字节数 int data_size = av_get_bytes_per_sample(c->sample_fmt); while (!feof(inFile)){ /* make sure the frame is writable -- makes a copy if the encoder * kept a reference internally */ ret = av_frame_make_writable(frame); if (ret < 0) exit(1); for (i = 0; i < c->frame_size; i++) for (j = 0; j < c->channels; j++) fread(frame->data[j] + data_size*i, 1, data_size, inFile); encode(c, frame, pkt, outFile,ofmt_ctx); } /* flush the encoder */ encode(c, NULL, pkt, outFile,ofmt_ctx); printf("Write file trailer.n"); //Write file trailer//(封装——文件尾) av_write_trailer(ofmt_ctx); fclose(outFile); av_frame_free(&frame); av_packet_free(&pkt); avcodec_free_context(&c); avformat_free_context(ofmt_ctx); return 0; }

官方例子【Video】

改动的本例子,使用x264库进行解码。所以需要集成x264库,请参考 编译ffmpeg4.2.2 。

我这里使用在MacOS上面跑的例子,以下是我本例编译ffmpeg的脚本:

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#!/bin/bash make clean function build_x264() { cd libx264 ./configure --prefix=${X264_LIBS} --disable-static --enable-shared || exit 0 make clean make install } function build_macosx() { cd .. ./configure --prefix=$PREFIX --disable-programs --enable-ffmpeg --target-os=darwin --disable-static --enable-shared --extra-cflags="-fPIC" --ln_s="ln -s" --pkg-config=$(which pkg-config) --enable-gpl --extra-cflags="-I${X264_LIBS}/include" --extra-ldflags="-L${X264_LIBS}/lib" --enable-libx264 || exit 0 make clean make install } PREFIX=$(pwd)/macox X264_LIBS=$(pwd)/libx264/libouput build_x264 build_macosx

编译完成后,会在项目根目录上传ffmpeg工具,可以通过以下操作查看是否正常集成:

./ffmpeg -re -i input.mp4 -vcodec libx264 -an output.mp4

编码例子:

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/** * @author 秦城季 * @email xhunmon@126.com * @Blog https://qincji.gitee.io * @date 2021/01/07 * description: 来自官方例子:doc/examples/encode_video.c * 主要思路: * 1、初始化编码器信息 * 2、从文件(或者生成)读取裸流数据到每个AVFrame中 * 3、把每个AVFrame通过编码器生成编码后数据的AVPacket * 4、使用AVFormatContext封装到文件中进行输出 * * <br> */ #include <stdint.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> extern "C" { #include <libavformat/avformat.h> #include <libavcodec/avcodec.h> #include <libavutil/channel_layout.h> #include <libavutil/common.h> #include <libavutil/frame.h> #include <libavutil/samplefmt.h> #include <libavutil/opt.h> #include <libavutil/imgutils.h> } static int f_index = 0; static void encode(AVCodecContext *ctx, AVFrame *frame, AVPacket *pkt, FILE *output, AVFormatContext *ofmt_ctx) { int ret; //注意:需要在送去编码器前指定 pts frame->pts = f_index++; /* send the frame for encoding */ ret = avcodec_send_frame(ctx, frame); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error sending the frame to the encodern"); exit(1); } /* read all the available output packets (in general there may be any * number of them */ while (ret >= 0) { ret = avcodec_receive_packet(ctx, pkt); if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF) return; else if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding audio framen"); exit(1); } //(封装——数据写入) pkt->stream_index = 0; printf("Write 1 Packet. size:%5dtpts:%lldn", pkt->size, pkt->pts); //Write if (av_interleaved_write_frame(ofmt_ctx, pkt) < 0) { printf("Error muxing packetn"); break; } av_packet_unref(pkt); } } int main(int argc, char **argv) { const char *outFilename, *inFilename; const AVCodec *codec; AVCodecContext *c = NULL; AVFrame *frame; AVPacket *pkt; int ret; FILE *outFile, *inFile; outFilename = "output/Kobe.h264"; inFilename = "source/Kobe.yuv"; remove(outFilename); //获取 AVCodec codec = avcodec_find_encoder(AV_CODEC_ID_H264); if (!codec) { fprintf(stderr, "Codec not foundn"); exit(1); } //获取AVCodecContext c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec); if (!c) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate audio codec contextn"); exit(1); } //设置编码参数:Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (Main), yuv420p(progressive), 384x216 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 15 fps, 15 tbr, 1200k tbn, 30 tbc /* put sample parameters */ c->bit_rate = 120000; /* resolution must be a multiple of two */ c->width = 384; c->height = 216; /* frames per second */ c->time_base = (AVRational) {1, 15}; c->framerate = (AVRational) {15, 1}; /* emit one intra frame every ten frames * check frame pict_type before passing frame * to encoder, if frame->pict_type is AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I * then gop_size is ignored and the output of encoder * will always be I frame irrespective to gop_size */ c->gop_size = 10; c->max_b_frames = 1; c->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P; if (codec->id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264) av_opt_set(c->priv_data, "preset", "slow", 0); //初始化AVCodecContext if (avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open codecn"); exit(1); } inFile = fopen(inFilename, "rb"); if (!inFile) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %sn", inFilename); exit(1); } outFile = fopen(outFilename, "wb+"); if (!outFile) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %sn", outFilename); exit(1); } /* packet for holding encoded output */ pkt = av_packet_alloc(); if (!pkt) { fprintf(stderr, "could not allocate the packetn"); exit(1); } /* frame containing input raw audio */ frame = av_frame_alloc(); if (!frame) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate audio framen"); exit(1); } //设置 AVFrame的参数 frame->format = c->pix_fmt; frame->width = c->width; frame->height = c->height; /* allocate the data buffers */ ret = av_frame_get_buffer(frame, 32); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate audio data buffersn"); exit(1); } /***************************************************************************/ /***************** 以下是对PCM编码后的AVPacket数据再进行封装成AAC ******/ /***************************************************************************/ //(封装——初始化) //Output AVFormatContext *ofmt_ctx = NULL; AVOutputFormat *ofmt = NULL; avformat_alloc_output_context2(&ofmt_ctx, NULL, NULL, outFilename); if (!ofmt_ctx) { printf("Could not create output contextn"); return -1; } ofmt = ofmt_ctx->oformat; AVStream *out_stream = avformat_new_stream(ofmt_ctx, codec); //Copy the settings of AVCodecContext if (avcodec_copy_context(out_stream->codec, c) < 0) { printf("Failed to copy context from input to output stream codec contextn"); return -1; } out_stream->codec->codec_tag = 0; if (ofmt_ctx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER) out_stream->codec->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER; /* open the output file, if needed */ if (!(ofmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) { if (avio_open(&ofmt_ctx->pb, outFilename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE)) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open '%s': %sn", outFilename, av_err2str(ret)); return -1; } } //Write file header //(封装——文件头) if (avformat_write_header(ofmt_ctx, NULL) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error occurred when opening output file: %sn", av_err2str(ret)); return -1; } while (!feof(inFile)) { /* make sure the frame is writable -- makes a copy if the encoder * kept a reference internally */ ret = av_frame_make_writable(frame); if (ret < 0) exit(1); fread(frame->data[0], 1, frame->height * frame->width, inFile); //Y fread(frame->data[1], 1, frame->height * frame->width/4, inFile); //U fread(frame->data[2], 1, frame->height * frame->width/4, inFile); //V encode(c, frame, pkt, outFile, ofmt_ctx); } /* flush the encoder */ encode(c, NULL, pkt, outFile, ofmt_ctx); printf("Write file trailer.n"); //Write file trailer//(封装——文件尾) av_write_trailer(ofmt_ctx); fclose(outFile); av_frame_free(&frame); av_packet_free(&pkt); avcodec_free_context(&c); avformat_free_context(ofmt_ctx); return 0; }
  • 测试的输入数据从 FFmpeg Decode(解码) 生成。

  • 0基础学习音视频路线,以及重磅音视频资料下载 求赞

最后

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