我是靠谱客的博主 大方滑板,最近开发中收集的这篇文章主要介绍FFmpeg源代码简单分析:avio_open2(),觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家,希望可以做个参考。

概述

目录(?) [+]

  1. 函数调用结构图
  2. avio_open
  3. avio_open2
    1. URLProtocol和URLContext
  4. ffurl_open
    1. ffurl_alloc
    2. url_find_protocol
    3. url_alloc_for_protocol
    4. ffurl_connect
  5. ffio_fdopen
  6. avio_alloc_context
    1. ffio_init_context
    2. ffurl_readffurl_writeffurl_seek
本文简单分析FFmpeg中一个常用的函数avio_open2()。该函数用于打开FFmpeg的输入输出文件。avio_open2()的声明位于libavformatavio.h文件中,如下所示。
[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. /**
  2. * Create and initialize a AVIOContext for accessing the
  3. * resource indicated by url.
  4. * @note When the resource indicated by url has been opened in
  5. * read+write mode, the AVIOContext can be used only for writing.
  6. *
  7. * @param s Used to return the pointer to the created AVIOContext.
  8. * In case of failure the pointed to value is set to NULL.
  9. * @param url resource to access
  10. * @param flags flags which control how the resource indicated by url
  11. * is to be opened
  12. * @param int_cb an interrupt callback to be used at the protocols level
  13. * @param options  A dictionary filled with protocol-private options. On return
  14. * this parameter will be destroyed and replaced with a dict containing options
  15. * that were not found. May be NULL.
  16. * @return >= 0 in case of success, a negative value corresponding to an
  17. * AVERROR code in case of failure
  18. */ 
  19. int avio_open2(AVIOContext **s, const char *url, int flags, 
  20.                const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options); 
/**
 * Create and initialize a AVIOContext for accessing the
 * resource indicated by url.
 * @note When the resource indicated by url has been opened in
 * read+write mode, the AVIOContext can be used only for writing.
 *
 * @param s Used to return the pointer to the created AVIOContext.
 * In case of failure the pointed to value is set to NULL.
 * @param url resource to access
 * @param flags flags which control how the resource indicated by url
 * is to be opened
 * @param int_cb an interrupt callback to be used at the protocols level
 * @param options  A dictionary filled with protocol-private options. On return
 * this parameter will be destroyed and replaced with a dict containing options
 * that were not found. May be NULL.
 * @return >= 0 in case of success, a negative value corresponding to an
 * AVERROR code in case of failure
 */
int avio_open2(AVIOContext **s, const char *url, int flags,
               const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options);

avio_open2()函数参数的含义如下:
s:函数调用成功之后创建的AVIOContext结构体。
url:输入输出协议的地址(文件也是一种“广义”的协议,对于文件来说就是文件的路径)。
flags:打开地址的方式。可以选择只读,只写,或者读写。取值如下。
AVIO_FLAG_READ:只读。
AVIO_FLAG_WRITE:只写。
AVIO_FLAG_READ_WRITE:读写。
int_cb:目前还没有用过。

options:目前还没有用过。

该函数最典型的例子可以参考:最简单的基于FFMPEG的视频编码器(YUV编码为H.264)


函数调用结构图

首先贴出来最终分析得出的函数调用结构图,如下所示。

单击查看更清晰的图片


avio_open()

有一个和avio_open2()“长得很像”的函数avio_open(),应该是avio_open2()的早期版本。avio_open()比avio_open2()少了最后2个参数。而它前面几个参数的含义和avio_open2()是一样的。从源代码中可以看出,avio_open()内部调用了avio_open2(),并且把avio_open2()的后2个参数设置成了NULL,因此它的功能实际上和avio_open2()是一样的。avio_open()源代码如下所示。
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  1. int avio_open(AVIOContext **s, const char *filename, int flags) 
  2.     return avio_open2(s, filename, flags, NULL, NULL); 
int avio_open(AVIOContext **s, const char *filename, int flags)
{
    return avio_open2(s, filename, flags, NULL, NULL);
}

avio_open2()

下面看一下avio_open2()的源代码,位于libavformataviobuf.c文件中。
[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. int avio_open2(AVIOContext **s, const char *filename, int flags, 
  2.                const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options) 
  3.     URLContext *h; 
  4.     int err; 
  5.  
  6.  
  7.     err = ffurl_open(&h, filename, flags, int_cb, options); 
  8.     if (err < 0) 
  9.         return err; 
  10.     err = ffio_fdopen(s, h); 
  11.     if (err < 0) { 
  12.         ffurl_close(h); 
  13.         return err; 
  14.     } 
  15.     return 0; 
int avio_open2(AVIOContext **s, const char *filename, int flags,
               const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options)
{
    URLContext *h;
    int err;


    err = ffurl_open(&h, filename, flags, int_cb, options);
    if (err < 0)
        return err;
    err = ffio_fdopen(s, h);
    if (err < 0) {
        ffurl_close(h);
        return err;
    }
    return 0;
}

从avio_open2()的源代码可以看出,它主要调用了2个函数:ffurl_open()和ffio_fdopen()。其中ffurl_open()用于初始化URLContext,ffio_fdopen()用于根据URLContext初始化AVIOContext。URLContext中包含的URLProtocol完成了具体的协议读写等工作。AVIOContext则是在URLContext的读写函数外面加上了一层“包装”(通过retry_transfer_wrapper()函数)。


URLProtocol和URLContext

在查看ffurl_open()和ffio_fdopen()函数之前,首先查看一下URLContext和URLProtocol的定义。这两个结构体在FFmpeg的早期版本的SDK中是定义在头文件中可以直接使用的。但是近期的FFmpeg的SDK中已经找不到这两个结构体的定义了。FFmpeg把这两个结构体移动到了源代码的内部,变成了内部结构体。
URLProtocol的定义位于libavformaturl.h,如下所示。
[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. typedef struct URLProtocol { 
  2.     const char *name; 
  3.     int     (*url_open)( URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags); 
  4.     /**
  5.      * This callback is to be used by protocols which open further nested
  6.      * protocols. options are then to be passed to ffurl_open()/ffurl_connect()
  7.      * for those nested protocols.
  8.      */ 
  9.     int     (*url_open2)(URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags, AVDictionary **options); 
  10.  
  11.  
  12.     /**
  13.      * Read data from the protocol.
  14.      * If data is immediately available (even less than size), EOF is
  15.      * reached or an error occurs (including EINTR), return immediately.
  16.      * Otherwise:
  17.      * In non-blocking mode, return AVERROR(EAGAIN) immediately.
  18.      * In blocking mode, wait for data/EOF/error with a short timeout (0.1s),
  19.      * and return AVERROR(EAGAIN) on timeout.
  20.      * Checking interrupt_callback, looping on EINTR and EAGAIN and until
  21.      * enough data has been read is left to the calling function; see
  22.      * retry_transfer_wrapper in avio.c.
  23.      */ 
  24.     int     (*url_read)( URLContext *h, unsigned char *buf, int size); 
  25.     int     (*url_write)(URLContext *h, const unsigned char *buf, int size); 
  26.     int64_t (*url_seek)( URLContext *h, int64_t pos, int whence); 
  27.     int     (*url_close)(URLContext *h); 
  28.     struct URLProtocol *next; 
  29.     int (*url_read_pause)(URLContext *h, int pause); 
  30.     int64_t (*url_read_seek)(URLContext *h, int stream_index, 
  31.                              int64_t timestamp, int flags); 
  32.     int (*url_get_file_handle)(URLContext *h); 
  33.     int (*url_get_multi_file_handle)(URLContext *h, int **handles, 
  34.                                      int *numhandles); 
  35.     int (*url_shutdown)(URLContext *h, int flags); 
  36.     int priv_data_size; 
  37.     const AVClass *priv_data_class; 
  38.     int flags; 
  39.     int (*url_check)(URLContext *h, int mask); 
  40. } URLProtocol; 
typedef struct URLProtocol {
    const char *name;
    int     (*url_open)( URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags);
    /**
     * This callback is to be used by protocols which open further nested
     * protocols. options are then to be passed to ffurl_open()/ffurl_connect()
     * for those nested protocols.
     */
    int     (*url_open2)(URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags, AVDictionary **options);


    /**
     * Read data from the protocol.
     * If data is immediately available (even less than size), EOF is
     * reached or an error occurs (including EINTR), return immediately.
     * Otherwise:
     * In non-blocking mode, return AVERROR(EAGAIN) immediately.
     * In blocking mode, wait for data/EOF/error with a short timeout (0.1s),
     * and return AVERROR(EAGAIN) on timeout.
     * Checking interrupt_callback, looping on EINTR and EAGAIN and until
     * enough data has been read is left to the calling function; see
     * retry_transfer_wrapper in avio.c.
     */
    int     (*url_read)( URLContext *h, unsigned char *buf, int size);
    int     (*url_write)(URLContext *h, const unsigned char *buf, int size);
    int64_t (*url_seek)( URLContext *h, int64_t pos, int whence);
    int     (*url_close)(URLContext *h);
    struct URLProtocol *next;
    int (*url_read_pause)(URLContext *h, int pause);
    int64_t (*url_read_seek)(URLContext *h, int stream_index,
                             int64_t timestamp, int flags);
    int (*url_get_file_handle)(URLContext *h);
    int (*url_get_multi_file_handle)(URLContext *h, int **handles,
                                     int *numhandles);
    int (*url_shutdown)(URLContext *h, int flags);
    int priv_data_size;
    const AVClass *priv_data_class;
    int flags;
    int (*url_check)(URLContext *h, int mask);
} URLProtocol;

从URLProtocol的定义可以看出,其中包含了用于协议读写的函数指针。例如:
url_open():打开协议。
url_read():读数据。
url_write():写数据。
url_close():关闭协议。
每种具体的协议都包含了一个URLProtocol结构体,例如:
FILE协议(“文件”在FFmpeg中也被当做一种协议)的结构体ff_file_protocol的定义如下所示(位于libavformatfile.c)。
[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. URLProtocol ff_file_protocol = { 
  2.     .name                = "file"
  3.     .url_open            = file_open, 
  4.     .url_read            = file_read, 
  5.     .url_write           = file_write, 
  6.     .url_seek            = file_seek, 
  7.     .url_close           = file_close, 
  8.     .url_get_file_handle = file_get_handle, 
  9.     .url_check           = file_check, 
  10.     .priv_data_size      = sizeof(FileContext), 
  11.     .priv_data_class     = &file_class, 
  12. }; 
URLProtocol ff_file_protocol = {
    .name                = "file",
    .url_open            = file_open,
    .url_read            = file_read,
    .url_write           = file_write,
    .url_seek            = file_seek,
    .url_close           = file_close,
    .url_get_file_handle = file_get_handle,
    .url_check           = file_check,
    .priv_data_size      = sizeof(FileContext),
    .priv_data_class     = &file_class,
};

在使用FILE协议进行读写的时候,调用url_open()实际上就是调用了file_open()函数,这里限于篇幅不再对file_open()的源代码进行分析。file_open()函数实际上调用了系统的打开文件函数open()。同理,调用url_read()实际上就是调用了file_read()函数;file_read()函数实际上调用了系统的读取文件函数read()。url_write(),url_seek()等函数的道理都是一样的。

LibRTMP协议的结构体ff_librtmp_protocol的定义如下所示(位于libavformatlibrtmp.c)。
[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. URLProtocol ff_librtmp_protocol = { 
  2.     .name                = "rtmp"
  3.     .url_open            = rtmp_open, 
  4.     .url_read            = rtmp_read, 
  5.     .url_write           = rtmp_write, 
  6.     .url_close           = rtmp_close, 
  7.     .url_read_pause      = rtmp_read_pause, 
  8.     .url_read_seek       = rtmp_read_seek, 
  9.     .url_get_file_handle = rtmp_get_file_handle, 
  10.     .priv_data_size      = sizeof(LibRTMPContext), 
  11.     .priv_data_class     = &librtmp_class, 
  12.     .flags               = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK, 
  13. }; 
URLProtocol ff_librtmp_protocol = {
    .name                = "rtmp",
    .url_open            = rtmp_open,
    .url_read            = rtmp_read,
    .url_write           = rtmp_write,
    .url_close           = rtmp_close,
    .url_read_pause      = rtmp_read_pause,
    .url_read_seek       = rtmp_read_seek,
    .url_get_file_handle = rtmp_get_file_handle,
    .priv_data_size      = sizeof(LibRTMPContext),
    .priv_data_class     = &librtmp_class,
    .flags               = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK,
};

UDP协议的结构体ff_udp_protocol的定义如下所示(位于libavformatudp.c)。
[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. URLProtocol ff_udp_protocol = { 
  2.     .name                = "udp"
  3.     .url_open            = udp_open, 
  4.     .url_read            = udp_read, 
  5.     .url_write           = udp_write, 
  6.     .url_close           = udp_close, 
  7.     .url_get_file_handle = udp_get_file_handle, 
  8.     .priv_data_size      = sizeof(UDPContext), 
  9.     .priv_data_class     = &udp_context_class, 
  10.     .flags               = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK, 
  11. }; 
URLProtocol ff_udp_protocol = {
    .name                = "udp",
    .url_open            = udp_open,
    .url_read            = udp_read,
    .url_write           = udp_write,
    .url_close           = udp_close,
    .url_get_file_handle = udp_get_file_handle,
    .priv_data_size      = sizeof(UDPContext),
    .priv_data_class     = &udp_context_class,
    .flags               = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK,
};

上文中简单介绍了URLProtocol结构体。下面看一下URLContext结构体。URLContext的定义也位于libavformaturl.h,如下所示。
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  1. typedef struct URLContext { 
  2.     const AVClass *av_class;    /**< information for av_log(). Set by url_open(). */ 
  3.     struct URLProtocol *prot; 
  4.     void *priv_data; 
  5.     char *filename;             /**< specified URL */ 
  6.     int flags; 
  7.     int max_packet_size;        /**< if non zero, the stream is packetized with this max packet size */ 
  8.     int is_streamed;            /**< true if streamed (no seek possible), default = false */ 
  9.     int is_connected; 
  10.     AVIOInterruptCB interrupt_callback; 
  11.     int64_t rw_timeout;         /**< maximum time to wait for (network) read/write operation completion, in mcs */ 
  12. } URLContext; 
typedef struct URLContext {
    const AVClass *av_class;    /**< information for av_log(). Set by url_open(). */
    struct URLProtocol *prot;
    void *priv_data;
    char *filename;             /**< specified URL */
    int flags;
    int max_packet_size;        /**< if non zero, the stream is packetized with this max packet size */
    int is_streamed;            /**< true if streamed (no seek possible), default = false */
    int is_connected;
    AVIOInterruptCB interrupt_callback;
    int64_t rw_timeout;         /**< maximum time to wait for (network) read/write operation completion, in mcs */
} URLContext;

从代码中可以看出,URLProtocol结构体是URLContext结构体的一个成员。由于还没有对URLContext结构体进行详细研究,有关该结构体的代码不再做过多分析。

ffurl_open()

前文提到AVIOContext中主要调用了2个函数:ffurl_open()和ffio_fdopen()。其中ffurl_open()用于初始化URLContext,ffio_fdopen()用于根据URLContext初始化AVIOContext。下面首先看一下初始化URLContext的函数ffurl_open()。
ffurl_open()的函数定义位于libavformatavio.c中,如下所示。
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  1. int ffurl_open(URLContext **puc, const char *filename, int flags, 
  2.                const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options) 
  3.     int ret = ffurl_alloc(puc, filename, flags, int_cb); 
  4.     if (ret < 0) 
  5.         return ret; 
  6.     if (options && (*puc)->prot->priv_data_class && 
  7.         (ret = av_opt_set_dict((*puc)->priv_data, options)) < 0) 
  8.         goto fail; 
  9.     if ((ret = av_opt_set_dict(*puc, options)) < 0) 
  10.         goto fail; 
  11.     ret = ffurl_connect(*puc, options); 
  12.     if (!ret) 
  13.         return 0; 
  14. fail: 
  15.     ffurl_close(*puc); 
  16.     *puc = NULL; 
  17.     return ret; 
int ffurl_open(URLContext **puc, const char *filename, int flags,
               const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options)
{
    int ret = ffurl_alloc(puc, filename, flags, int_cb);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;
    if (options && (*puc)->prot->priv_data_class &&
        (ret = av_opt_set_dict((*puc)->priv_data, options)) < 0)
        goto fail;
    if ((ret = av_opt_set_dict(*puc, options)) < 0)
        goto fail;
    ret = ffurl_connect(*puc, options);
    if (!ret)
        return 0;
fail:
    ffurl_close(*puc);
    *puc = NULL;
    return ret;
}

从代码中可以看出,ffurl_open()主要调用了2个函数:ffurl_alloc()和ffurl_connect()。ffurl_alloc()用于查找合适的URLProtocol,并创建一个URLContext;ffurl_connect()用于打开获得的URLProtocol。


ffurl_alloc()

ffurl_alloc()的定义位于libavformatavio.c中,如下所示。
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  1. int ffurl_alloc(URLContext **puc, const char *filename, int flags, 
  2.                 const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb) 
  3.     URLProtocol *p = NULL; 
  4.  
  5.  
  6.     if (!first_protocol) { 
  7.         av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "No URL Protocols are registered. " 
  8.                                      "Missing call to av_register_all()?n"); 
  9.     } 
  10.  
  11.  
  12.     p = url_find_protocol(filename); 
  13.     if (p) 
  14.        return url_alloc_for_protocol(puc, p, filename, flags, int_cb); 
  15.  
  16.  
  17.     *puc = NULL; 
  18.     if (av_strstart(filename, "https:", NULL)) 
  19.         av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "https protocol not found, recompile with openssl or gnutls enabled.n"); 
  20.     return AVERROR_PROTOCOL_NOT_FOUND; 
int ffurl_alloc(URLContext **puc, const char *filename, int flags,
                const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb)
{
    URLProtocol *p = NULL;


    if (!first_protocol) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "No URL Protocols are registered. "
                                     "Missing call to av_register_all()?n");
    }


    p = url_find_protocol(filename);
    if (p)
       return url_alloc_for_protocol(puc, p, filename, flags, int_cb);


    *puc = NULL;
    if (av_strstart(filename, "https:", NULL))
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "https protocol not found, recompile with openssl or gnutls enabled.n");
    return AVERROR_PROTOCOL_NOT_FOUND;
}

从代码中可以看出,ffurl_alloc()主要调用了2个函数:url_find_protocol()根据文件路径查找合适的URLProtocol,url_alloc_for_protocol()为查找到的URLProtocol创建URLContext。


url_find_protocol()

先来看一下url_find_protocol()函数,定义如下所示。
[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. #define URL_SCHEME_CHARS                         
  2.     "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"                 
  3.     "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"                 
  4.     "0123456789+-." 
  5.  
  6. static struct URLProtocol *url_find_protocol(const char *filename) 
  7.     URLProtocol *up = NULL; 
  8.     char proto_str[128], proto_nested[128], *ptr; 
  9.     size_t proto_len = strspn(filename, URL_SCHEME_CHARS); 
  10.  
  11.  
  12.     if (filename[proto_len] != ':' && 
  13.         (filename[proto_len] != ',' || !strchr(filename + proto_len + 1, ':')) || 
  14.         is_dos_path(filename)) 
  15.         strcpy(proto_str, "file"); 
  16.     else 
  17.         av_strlcpy(proto_str, filename, 
  18.                    FFMIN(proto_len + 1, sizeof(proto_str))); 
  19.  
  20.  
  21.     if ((ptr = strchr(proto_str, ','))) 
  22.         *ptr = ''
  23.     av_strlcpy(proto_nested, proto_str, sizeof(proto_nested)); 
  24.     if ((ptr = strchr(proto_nested, '+'))) 
  25.         *ptr = ''
  26.  
  27.  
  28.     while (up = ffurl_protocol_next(up)) { 
  29.         if (!strcmp(proto_str, up->name)) 
  30.             break
  31.         if (up->flags & URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NESTED_SCHEME && 
  32.             !strcmp(proto_nested, up->name)) 
  33.             break
  34.     } 
  35.  
  36.  
  37.     return up; 
#define URL_SCHEME_CHARS                        
    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"                
    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"                
    "0123456789+-."

static struct URLProtocol *url_find_protocol(const char *filename)
{
    URLProtocol *up = NULL;
    char proto_str[128], proto_nested[128], *ptr;
    size_t proto_len = strspn(filename, URL_SCHEME_CHARS);


    if (filename[proto_len] != ':' &&
        (filename[proto_len] != ',' || !strchr(filename + proto_len + 1, ':')) ||
        is_dos_path(filename))
        strcpy(proto_str, "file");
    else
        av_strlcpy(proto_str, filename,
                   FFMIN(proto_len + 1, sizeof(proto_str)));


    if ((ptr = strchr(proto_str, ',')))
        *ptr = '';
    av_strlcpy(proto_nested, proto_str, sizeof(proto_nested));
    if ((ptr = strchr(proto_nested, '+')))
        *ptr = '';


    while (up = ffurl_protocol_next(up)) {
        if (!strcmp(proto_str, up->name))
            break;
        if (up->flags & URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NESTED_SCHEME &&
            !strcmp(proto_nested, up->name))
            break;
    }


    return up;
}

url_find_protocol()函数表明了FFmpeg根据文件路径猜测协议的方法。该函数首先根据strspn()函数查找字符串中第一个“非字母或数字”的字符的位置,并保存在proto_len中。一般情况下,协议URL中都是包含“:”的,比如说RTMP的URL格式是“rtmp://xxx…”,UDP的URL格式是“udp://…”,HTTP的URL格式是“http://...”。因此,一般情况下proto_len的数值就是“:”的下标(代表了“:”前面的协议名称的字符的个数,例如rtmp://的proto_len为4)。
接下来函数将filename的前proto_len个字节拷贝至proto_str字符串中。

PS:

这个地方比较纠结,源代码中av_strlcpy()函数的第3个参数size写的字符串的长度是(proto_len+1),但是查了一下av_strlcpy()的定义,发现该函数至多拷贝(size-1)个字符。这么一涨一消,最终还是拷贝了proto_len个字节。例如RTMP协议就拷贝了“rtmp”,UDP协议就拷贝了“udp”。

av_strlcpy()是FFMpeg的一个工具函数,声明位于libavutilavstring.h,如下所示。

[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. /**
  2. * Copy the string src to dst, but no more than size - 1 bytes, and
  3. * null-terminate dst.
  4. *
  5. * This function is the same as BSD strlcpy().
  6. *
  7. * @param dst destination buffer
  8. * @param src source string
  9. * @param size size of destination buffer
  10. * @return the length of src
  11. *
  12. * @warning since the return value is the length of src, src absolutely
  13. * _must_ be a properly 0-terminated string, otherwise this will read beyond
  14. * the end of the buffer and possibly crash.
  15. */ 
  16. size_t av_strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size); 
/**
 * Copy the string src to dst, but no more than size - 1 bytes, and
 * null-terminate dst.
 *
 * This function is the same as BSD strlcpy().
 *
 * @param dst destination buffer
 * @param src source string
 * @param size size of destination buffer
 * @return the length of src
 *
 * @warning since the return value is the length of src, src absolutely
 * _must_ be a properly 0-terminated string, otherwise this will read beyond
 * the end of the buffer and possibly crash.
 */
size_t av_strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size);

这里有一种例外,那就是文件路径。“文件”在FFmpeg中也是一种“协议”,并且前缀是“file”。也就是标准的文件路径应该是“file://...”格式的。但是这太不符合我们一般人的使用习惯,我们一般是不会在文件路径前面加上“file”协议名称的。所以该函数采取的方法是:一旦检测出来输入的URL是文件路径而不是网络协议,就自动向proto_str中拷贝“file”。

其中判断文件路径那里有一个很复杂的if()语句。根据我的理解,“||”前面的语句用于判断是否是相对文件路径,“||”后面的语句用于判断是否是绝对路径。判断绝对路径的时候用到了一个函数is_dos_path(),定义位于libavformatos_support.h,如下所示。
[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. static inline int is_dos_path(const char *path) 
  2. #if HAVE_DOS_PATHS 
  3.     if (path[0] && path[1] == ':'
  4.         return 1; 
  5. #endif 
  6.     return 0; 
static inline int is_dos_path(const char *path)
{
#if HAVE_DOS_PATHS
    if (path[0] && path[1] == ':')
        return 1;
#endif
    return 0;
}

注意“&&”优先级低于“==”。如果文件路径第1个字符不为空(一般情况下是盘符)而且第2个字符为“:”,就认为它是绝对文件路径。
此外url_find_protocol()函数中还涉及到一个函数ffurl_protocol_next()。该函数用于获得下一个URLProtocol(所有的URLProtocol在FFmpeg初始化注册的时候形成一个链表结构)。ffurl_protocol_next()代码极其简单,如下所示。
[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. URLProtocol *ffurl_protocol_next(const URLProtocol *prev) 
  2.     return prev ? prev->next : first_protocol; 
URLProtocol *ffurl_protocol_next(const URLProtocol *prev)
{
    return prev ? prev->next : first_protocol;
}


url_alloc_for_protocol()

url_alloc_for_protocol()的定义位于libavformatavio.c中,如下所示。
[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. static int url_alloc_for_protocol(URLContext **puc, struct URLProtocol *up, 
  2.                                   const char *filename, int flags, 
  3.                                   const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb) 
  4.     URLContext *uc; 
  5.     int err; 
  6.  
  7.  
  8. #if CONFIG_NETWORK 
  9.     if (up->flags & URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK && !ff_network_init()) 
  10.         return AVERROR(EIO); 
  11. #endif 
  12.     if ((flags & AVIO_FLAG_READ) && !up->url_read) { 
  13.         av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, 
  14.                "Impossible to open the '%s' protocol for readingn", up->name); 
  15.         return AVERROR(EIO); 
  16.     } 
  17.     if ((flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE) && !up->url_write) { 
  18.         av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, 
  19.                "Impossible to open the '%s' protocol for writingn", up->name); 
  20.         return AVERROR(EIO); 
  21.     } 
  22.     uc = av_mallocz(sizeof(URLContext) + strlen(filename) + 1); 
  23.     if (!uc) { 
  24.         err = AVERROR(ENOMEM); 
  25.         goto fail; 
  26.     } 
  27.     uc->av_class = &ffurl_context_class; 
  28.     uc->filename = (char *)&uc[1]; 
  29.     strcpy(uc->filename, filename); 
  30.     uc->prot            = up; 
  31.     uc->flags           = flags; 
  32.     uc->is_streamed     = 0; /* default = not streamed */ 
  33.     uc->max_packet_size = 0; /* default: stream file */ 
  34.     if (up->priv_data_size) { 
  35.         uc->priv_data = av_mallocz(up->priv_data_size); 
  36.         if (!uc->priv_data) { 
  37.             err = AVERROR(ENOMEM); 
  38.             goto fail; 
  39.         } 
  40.         if (up->priv_data_class) { 
  41.             int proto_len= strlen(up->name); 
  42.             char *start = strchr(uc->filename, ','); 
  43.             *(const AVClass **)uc->priv_data = up->priv_data_class; 
  44.             av_opt_set_defaults(uc->priv_data); 
  45.             if(!strncmp(up->name, uc->filename, proto_len) && uc->filename + proto_len == start){ 
  46.                 int ret= 0; 
  47.                 char *p= start; 
  48.                 char sep= *++p; 
  49.                 char *key, *val; 
  50.                 p++; 
  51.                 while(ret >= 0 && (key= strchr(p, sep)) && p<key && (val = strchr(key+1, sep))){ 
  52.                     *val= *key= 0; 
  53.                     ret= av_opt_set(uc->priv_data, p, key+1, 0); 
  54.                     if (ret == AVERROR_OPTION_NOT_FOUND) 
  55.                         av_log(uc, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Key '%s' not found.n", p); 
  56.                     *val= *key= sep; 
  57.                     p= val+1; 
  58.                 } 
  59.                 if(ret<0 || p!=key){ 
  60.                     av_log(uc, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error parsing options string %sn", start); 
  61.                     av_freep(&uc->priv_data); 
  62.                     av_freep(&uc); 
  63.                     err = AVERROR(EINVAL); 
  64.                     goto fail; 
  65.                 } 
  66.                 memmove(start, key+1, strlen(key)); 
  67.             } 
  68.         } 
  69.     } 
  70.     if (int_cb) 
  71.         uc->interrupt_callback = *int_cb; 
  72.  
  73.  
  74.     *puc = uc; 
  75.     return 0; 
  76. fail: 
  77.     *puc = NULL; 
  78.     if (uc) 
  79.         av_freep(&uc->priv_data); 
  80.     av_freep(&uc); 
  81. #if CONFIG_NETWORK 
  82.     if (up->flags & URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK) 
  83.         ff_network_close(); 
  84. #endif 
  85.     return err; 
static int url_alloc_for_protocol(URLContext **puc, struct URLProtocol *up,
                                  const char *filename, int flags,
                                  const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb)
{
    URLContext *uc;
    int err;


#if CONFIG_NETWORK
    if (up->flags & URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK && !ff_network_init())
        return AVERROR(EIO);
#endif
    if ((flags & AVIO_FLAG_READ) && !up->url_read) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,
               "Impossible to open the '%s' protocol for readingn", up->name);
        return AVERROR(EIO);
    }
    if ((flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE) && !up->url_write) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,
               "Impossible to open the '%s' protocol for writingn", up->name);
        return AVERROR(EIO);
    }
    uc = av_mallocz(sizeof(URLContext) + strlen(filename) + 1);
    if (!uc) {
        err = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        goto fail;
    }
    uc->av_class = &ffurl_context_class;
    uc->filename = (char *)&uc[1];
    strcpy(uc->filename, filename);
    uc->prot            = up;
    uc->flags           = flags;
    uc->is_streamed     = 0; /* default = not streamed */
    uc->max_packet_size = 0; /* default: stream file */
    if (up->priv_data_size) {
        uc->priv_data = av_mallocz(up->priv_data_size);
        if (!uc->priv_data) {
            err = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
            goto fail;
        }
        if (up->priv_data_class) {
            int proto_len= strlen(up->name);
            char *start = strchr(uc->filename, ',');
            *(const AVClass **)uc->priv_data = up->priv_data_class;
            av_opt_set_defaults(uc->priv_data);
            if(!strncmp(up->name, uc->filename, proto_len) && uc->filename + proto_len == start){
                int ret= 0;
                char *p= start;
                char sep= *++p;
                char *key, *val;
                p++;
                while(ret >= 0 && (key= strchr(p, sep)) && p<key && (val = strchr(key+1, sep))){
                    *val= *key= 0;
                    ret= av_opt_set(uc->priv_data, p, key+1, 0);
                    if (ret == AVERROR_OPTION_NOT_FOUND)
                        av_log(uc, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Key '%s' not found.n", p);
                    *val= *key= sep;
                    p= val+1;
                }
                if(ret<0 || p!=key){
                    av_log(uc, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error parsing options string %sn", start);
                    av_freep(&uc->priv_data);
                    av_freep(&uc);
                    err = AVERROR(EINVAL);
                    goto fail;
                }
                memmove(start, key+1, strlen(key));
            }
        }
    }
    if (int_cb)
        uc->interrupt_callback = *int_cb;


    *puc = uc;
    return 0;
fail:
    *puc = NULL;
    if (uc)
        av_freep(&uc->priv_data);
    av_freep(&uc);
#if CONFIG_NETWORK
    if (up->flags & URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK)
        ff_network_close();
#endif
    return err;
}

url_alloc_for_protocol()完成了以下步骤:首先,检查输入的URLProtocol是否支持指定的flag。比如flag中如果指定了AVIO_FLAG_READ,则URLProtocol中必须包含url_read();如果指定了AVIO_FLAG_WRITE,则URLProtocol中必须包含url_write()。在检查无误之后,接着就可以调用av_mallocz()为即将创建的URLContext分配内存了。接下来基本上就是各种赋值工作,在这里不再详细记录。

ffurl_connect()

ffurl_connect()用于打开获得的URLProtocol。该函数的定义位于libavformatavio.c中,如下所示。
[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. int ffurl_connect(URLContext *uc, AVDictionary **options) 
  2.     int err = 
  3.         uc->prot->url_open2 ? uc->prot->url_open2(uc, 
  4.                                                   uc->filename, 
  5.                                                   uc->flags, 
  6.                                                   options) : 
  7.         uc->prot->url_open(uc, uc->filename, uc->flags); 
  8.     if (err) 
  9.         return err; 
  10.     uc->is_connected = 1; 
  11.     /* We must be careful here as ffurl_seek() could be slow,
  12.      * for example for http */ 
  13.     if ((uc->flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE) || !strcmp(uc->prot->name, "file")) 
  14.         if (!uc->is_streamed && ffurl_seek(uc, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) 
  15.             uc->is_streamed = 1; 
  16.     return 0; 
int ffurl_connect(URLContext *uc, AVDictionary **options)
{
    int err =
        uc->prot->url_open2 ? uc->prot->url_open2(uc,
                                                  uc->filename,
                                                  uc->flags,
                                                  options) :
        uc->prot->url_open(uc, uc->filename, uc->flags);
    if (err)
        return err;
    uc->is_connected = 1;
    /* We must be careful here as ffurl_seek() could be slow,
     * for example for http */
    if ((uc->flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE) || !strcmp(uc->prot->name, "file"))
        if (!uc->is_streamed && ffurl_seek(uc, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0)
            uc->is_streamed = 1;
    return 0;
}

该函数最重要的函数就是它的第一句:URLProtocol中是否包含url_open2()?如果包含的话,就调用url_open2(),否则就调用url_open()。

url_open()本身是URLProtocol的一个函数指针,这个地方根据不同的协议调用的url_open()具体实现函数也是不一样的,例如file协议的url_open()对应的是file_open(),而file_open()最终调用了_wsopen(),_sopen()(Windows下)或者open()(Linux下,类似于fopen())这样的系统中打开文件的API函数;而libRTMP的url_open()对应的是rtmp_open(),而rtmp_open()最终调用了libRTMP的API函数RTMP_Init(),RTMP_SetupURL(),RTMP_Connect() 以及RTMP_ConnectStream()。


ffio_fdopen()

ffio_fdopen()使用已经获得的URLContext初始化AVIOContext。它的函数定义位于libavformataviobuf.c中,如下所示。

[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. #define IO_BUFFER_SIZE 32768 
  2.  
  3.  
  4. int ffio_fdopen(AVIOContext **s, URLContext *h) 
  5.     uint8_t *buffer; 
  6.     int buffer_size, max_packet_size; 
  7.  
  8.  
  9.     max_packet_size = h->max_packet_size; 
  10.     if (max_packet_size) { 
  11.         buffer_size = max_packet_size; /* no need to bufferize more than one packet */ 
  12.     } else
  13.         buffer_size = IO_BUFFER_SIZE; 
  14.     } 
  15.     buffer = av_malloc(buffer_size); 
  16.     if (!buffer) 
  17.         return AVERROR(ENOMEM); 
  18.  
  19.  
  20.     *s = avio_alloc_context(buffer, buffer_size, h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE, h, 
  21.                             (void*)ffurl_read, (void*)ffurl_write, (void*)ffurl_seek); 
  22.     if (!*s) { 
  23.         av_free(buffer); 
  24.         return AVERROR(ENOMEM); 
  25.     } 
  26.     (*s)->direct = h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_DIRECT; 
  27.     (*s)->seekable = h->is_streamed ? 0 : AVIO_SEEKABLE_NORMAL; 
  28.     (*s)->max_packet_size = max_packet_size; 
  29.     if(h->prot) { 
  30.         (*s)->read_pause = (int (*)(void *, int))h->prot->url_read_pause; 
  31.         (*s)->read_seek  = (int64_t (*)(void *, int, int64_t, int))h->prot->url_read_seek; 
  32.     } 
  33.     (*s)->av_class = &ffio_url_class; 
  34.     return 0; 
#define IO_BUFFER_SIZE 32768


int ffio_fdopen(AVIOContext **s, URLContext *h)
{
    uint8_t *buffer;
    int buffer_size, max_packet_size;


    max_packet_size = h->max_packet_size;
    if (max_packet_size) {
        buffer_size = max_packet_size; /* no need to bufferize more than one packet */
    } else {
        buffer_size = IO_BUFFER_SIZE;
    }
    buffer = av_malloc(buffer_size);
    if (!buffer)
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);


    *s = avio_alloc_context(buffer, buffer_size, h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE, h,
                            (void*)ffurl_read, (void*)ffurl_write, (void*)ffurl_seek);
    if (!*s) {
        av_free(buffer);
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }
    (*s)->direct = h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_DIRECT;
    (*s)->seekable = h->is_streamed ? 0 : AVIO_SEEKABLE_NORMAL;
    (*s)->max_packet_size = max_packet_size;
    if(h->prot) {
        (*s)->read_pause = (int (*)(void *, int))h->prot->url_read_pause;
        (*s)->read_seek  = (int64_t (*)(void *, int, int64_t, int))h->prot->url_read_seek;
    }
    (*s)->av_class = &ffio_url_class;
    return 0;
}

ffio_fdopen()函数首先初始化AVIOContext中的Buffer。如果URLContext中设置了max_packet_size,则将Buffer的大小设置为max_packet_size。如果没有设置的话(似乎大部分URLContext都没有设置该值),则会分配IO_BUFFER_SIZE个字节给Buffer。IO_BUFFER_SIZE取值为32768。


avio_alloc_context()

ffio_fdopen()接下来会调用avio_alloc_context()初始化一个AVIOContext。avio_alloc_context()本身是一个FFmpeg的API函数。它的声明位于libavformatavio.h中,如下所示。
[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. /**
  2. * Allocate and initialize an AVIOContext for buffered I/O. It must be later
  3. * freed with av_free().
  4. *
  5. * @param buffer Memory block for input/output operations via AVIOContext.
  6. *        The buffer must be allocated with av_malloc() and friends.
  7. * @param buffer_size The buffer size is very important for performance.
  8. *        For protocols with fixed blocksize it should be set to this blocksize.
  9. *        For others a typical size is a cache page, e.g. 4kb.
  10. * @param write_flag Set to 1 if the buffer should be writable, 0 otherwise.
  11. * @param opaque An opaque pointer to user-specific data.
  12. * @param read_packet  A function for refilling the buffer, may be NULL.
  13. * @param write_packet A function for writing the buffer contents, may be NULL.
  14. *        The function may not change the input buffers content.
  15. * @param seek A function for seeking to specified byte position, may be NULL.
  16. *
  17. * @return Allocated AVIOContext or NULL on failure.
  18. */ 
  19. AVIOContext *avio_alloc_context( 
  20.                   unsigned char *buffer, 
  21.                   int buffer_size, 
  22.                   int write_flag, 
  23.                   void *opaque, 
  24.                   int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size), 
  25.                   int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size), 
  26.                   int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence)); 
/**
 * Allocate and initialize an AVIOContext for buffered I/O. It must be later
 * freed with av_free().
 *
 * @param buffer Memory block for input/output operations via AVIOContext.
 *        The buffer must be allocated with av_malloc() and friends.
 * @param buffer_size The buffer size is very important for performance.
 *        For protocols with fixed blocksize it should be set to this blocksize.
 *        For others a typical size is a cache page, e.g. 4kb.
 * @param write_flag Set to 1 if the buffer should be writable, 0 otherwise.
 * @param opaque An opaque pointer to user-specific data.
 * @param read_packet  A function for refilling the buffer, may be NULL.
 * @param write_packet A function for writing the buffer contents, may be NULL.
 *        The function may not change the input buffers content.
 * @param seek A function for seeking to specified byte position, may be NULL.
 *
 * @return Allocated AVIOContext or NULL on failure.
 */
AVIOContext *avio_alloc_context(
                  unsigned char *buffer,
                  int buffer_size,
                  int write_flag,
                  void *opaque,
                  int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
                  int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
                  int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence));

avio_alloc_context()看上去参数很多,但实际上并不复杂。先简单解释一下它各个参数的含义:
buffer:AVIOContext中的Buffer。
buffer_size:AVIOContext中的Buffer的大小。
write_flag:设置为1则Buffer可写;否则Buffer只可读。
opaque:用户自定义数据。
read_packet():读取外部数据,填充Buffer的函数。
write_packet():向Buffer中写入数据的函数。
seek():用于Seek的函数。
该函数成功执行的话则会返回一个创建好的AVIOContext。
下面看一下avio_alloc_context()的定义,位于libavformataviobuf.c,如下所示。
[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. AVIOContext *avio_alloc_context( 
  2.                   unsigned char *buffer, 
  3.                   int buffer_size, 
  4.                   int write_flag, 
  5.                   void *opaque, 
  6.                   int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size), 
  7.                   int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size), 
  8.                   int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence)) 
  9.     AVIOContext *s = av_mallocz(sizeof(AVIOContext)); 
  10.     if (!s) 
  11.         return NULL; 
  12.     ffio_init_context(s, buffer, buffer_size, write_flag, opaque, 
  13.                   read_packet, write_packet, seek); 
  14.     return s; 
AVIOContext *avio_alloc_context(
                  unsigned char *buffer,
                  int buffer_size,
                  int write_flag,
                  void *opaque,
                  int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
                  int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
                  int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence))
{
    AVIOContext *s = av_mallocz(sizeof(AVIOContext));
    if (!s)
        return NULL;
    ffio_init_context(s, buffer, buffer_size, write_flag, opaque,
                  read_packet, write_packet, seek);
    return s;
}

该函数代码很简单:首先调用av_mallocz()为AVIOContext分配一块内存空间,然后基本上将所有输入参数传递给ffio_init_context()。

ffio_init_context()

ffio_init_context()的定义如下。
[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. int ffio_init_context(AVIOContext *s, 
  2.                   unsigned char *buffer, 
  3.                   int buffer_size, 
  4.                   int write_flag, 
  5.                   void *opaque, 
  6.                   int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size), 
  7.                   int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size), 
  8.                   int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence)) 
  9.     s->buffer      = buffer; 
  10.     s->orig_buffer_size = 
  11.     s->buffer_size = buffer_size; 
  12.     s->buf_ptr     = buffer; 
  13.     s->opaque      = opaque; 
  14.     s->direct      = 0; 
  15.  
  16.  
  17.     url_resetbuf(s, write_flag ? AVIO_FLAG_WRITE : AVIO_FLAG_READ); 
  18.  
  19.  
  20.     s->write_packet    = write_packet; 
  21.     s->read_packet     = read_packet; 
  22.     s->seek            = seek; 
  23.     s->pos             = 0; 
  24.     s->must_flush      = 0; 
  25.     s->eof_reached     = 0; 
  26.     s->error           = 0; 
  27.     s->seekable        = seek ? AVIO_SEEKABLE_NORMAL : 0; 
  28.     s->max_packet_size = 0; 
  29.     s->update_checksum = NULL; 
  30.  
  31.  
  32.     if (!read_packet && !write_flag) { 
  33.         s->pos     = buffer_size; 
  34.         s->buf_end = s->buffer + buffer_size; 
  35.     } 
  36.     s->read_pause = NULL; 
  37.     s->read_seek  = NULL; 
  38.  
  39.  
  40.     return 0; 
int ffio_init_context(AVIOContext *s,
                  unsigned char *buffer,
                  int buffer_size,
                  int write_flag,
                  void *opaque,
                  int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
                  int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
                  int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence))
{
    s->buffer      = buffer;
    s->orig_buffer_size =
    s->buffer_size = buffer_size;
    s->buf_ptr     = buffer;
    s->opaque      = opaque;
    s->direct      = 0;


    url_resetbuf(s, write_flag ? AVIO_FLAG_WRITE : AVIO_FLAG_READ);


    s->write_packet    = write_packet;
    s->read_packet     = read_packet;
    s->seek            = seek;
    s->pos             = 0;
    s->must_flush      = 0;
    s->eof_reached     = 0;
    s->error           = 0;
    s->seekable        = seek ? AVIO_SEEKABLE_NORMAL : 0;
    s->max_packet_size = 0;
    s->update_checksum = NULL;


    if (!read_packet && !write_flag) {
        s->pos     = buffer_size;
        s->buf_end = s->buffer + buffer_size;
    }
    s->read_pause = NULL;
    s->read_seek  = NULL;


    return 0;
}

可以看出,这个函数的工作就是各种赋值,不算很有“技术含量”,不再详述。

ffurl_read(),ffurl_write(),ffurl_seek()

现在我们再回到ffio_fdopen(),会发现它初始化AVIOContext的结构体的时候,首先将自己分配的Buffer设置为该AVIOContext的Buffer;然后将URLContext作为用户自定义数据(对应AVIOContext的opaque变量)提供给该AVIOContext;最后分别将3个函数作为该AVIOContext的读,写,跳转函数:ffurl_read(),ffurl_write(),ffurl_seek()。下面我们选择一个ffurl_read()看看它的定义。
ffurl_read()的定义位于libavformatavio.c,如下所示。
[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. int ffurl_read(URLContext *h, unsigned char *buf, int size) 
  2.     if (!(h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_READ)) 
  3.         return AVERROR(EIO); 
  4.     return retry_transfer_wrapper(h, buf, size, 1, h->prot->url_read); 
int ffurl_read(URLContext *h, unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
    if (!(h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_READ))
        return AVERROR(EIO);
    return retry_transfer_wrapper(h, buf, size, 1, h->prot->url_read);
}

该函数先判断了一下输入的URLContext是否支持“读”操作,接着调用了一个函数:retry_transfer_wrapper()。
如果我们看ffurl_write()的代码,如下所示。
[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. int ffurl_write(URLContext *h, const unsigned char *buf, int size) 
  2.     if (!(h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE)) 
  3.         return AVERROR(EIO); 
  4.     /* avoid sending too big packets */ 
  5.     if (h->max_packet_size && size > h->max_packet_size) 
  6.         return AVERROR(EIO); 
  7.  
  8.  
  9.     return retry_transfer_wrapper(h, (unsigned char *)buf, size, size, (void*)h->prot->url_write); 
int ffurl_write(URLContext *h, const unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
    if (!(h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE))
        return AVERROR(EIO);
    /* avoid sending too big packets */
    if (h->max_packet_size && size > h->max_packet_size)
        return AVERROR(EIO);


    return retry_transfer_wrapper(h, (unsigned char *)buf, size, size, (void*)h->prot->url_write);
}

会发现他也调用了同样的一个函数retry_transfer_wrapper()。唯一的不同在于ffurl_read()调用retry_transfer_wrapper()的时候,最后一个参数是URLProtocol的url_read(),而ffurl_write()调用retry_transfer_wrapper()的时候,最后一个参数是URLProtocol的url_write()。
下面我们看一下retry_transfer_wrapper()的定义,位于libavformatavio.c,如下所示。
[cpp] view plain copy print ? 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. static inline int retry_transfer_wrapper(URLContext *h, uint8_t *buf, 
  2.                                          int size, int size_min, 
  3.                                          int (*transfer_func)(URLContext *h, 
  4.                                                               uint8_t *buf, 
  5.                                                               int size)) 
  6.     int ret, len; 
  7.     int fast_retries = 5; 
  8.     int64_t wait_since = 0; 
  9.  
  10.  
  11.     len = 0; 
  12.     while (len < size_min) { 
  13.         if (ff_check_interrupt(&h->interrupt_callback)) 
  14.             return AVERROR_EXIT; 
  15.         ret = transfer_func(h, buf + len, size - len); 
  16.         if (ret == AVERROR(EINTR)) 
  17.             continue
  18.         if (h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_NONBLOCK) 
  19.             return ret; 
  20.         if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN)) { 
  21.             ret = 0; 
  22.             if (fast_retries) { 
  23.                 fast_retries--; 
  24.             } else
  25.                 if (h->rw_timeout) { 
  26.                     if (!wait_since) 
  27.                         wait_since = av_gettime_relative(); 
  28.                     else if (av_gettime_relative() > wait_since + h->rw_timeout) 
  29.                         return AVERROR(EIO); 
  30.                 } 
  31.                 av_usleep(1000); 
  32.             } 
  33.         } else if (ret < 1) 
  34.             return (ret < 0 && ret != AVERROR_EOF) ? ret : len; 
  35.         if (ret) 
  36.             fast_retries = FFMAX(fast_retries, 2); 
  37.         len += ret; 
  38.     } 
  39.     return len; 
static inline int retry_transfer_wrapper(URLContext *h, uint8_t *buf,
                                         int size, int size_min,
                                         int (*transfer_func)(URLContext *h,
                                                              uint8_t *buf,
                                                              int size))
{
    int ret, len;
    int fast_retries = 5;
    int64_t wait_since = 0;


    len = 0;
    while (len < size_min) {
        if (ff_check_interrupt(&h->interrupt_callback))
            return AVERROR_EXIT;
        ret = transfer_func(h, buf + len, size - len);
        if (ret == AVERROR(EINTR))
            continue;
        if (h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_NONBLOCK)
            return ret;
        if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN)) {
            ret = 0;
            if (fast_retries) {
                fast_retries--;
            } else {
                if (h->rw_timeout) {
                    if (!wait_since)
                        wait_since = av_gettime_relative();
                    else if (av_gettime_relative() > wait_since + h->rw_timeout)
                        return AVERROR(EIO);
                }
                av_usleep(1000);
            }
        } else if (ret < 1)
            return (ret < 0 && ret != AVERROR_EOF) ? ret : len;
        if (ret)
            fast_retries = FFMAX(fast_retries, 2);
        len += ret;
    }
    return len;
}

从代码中可以看出,它的核心实际上是调用了一个名称为transfer_func()的函数。而该函数就是retry_transfer_wrapper()的第四个参数。该函数实际上是对URLProtocol的读写操作中的错误进行了一些“容错”处理,可以让数据的读写更加的稳定。

avio_alloc_context()执行完毕后,ffio_fdopen()函数的工作就基本完成了,avio_open2()的工作也就做完了。

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