在Swift中将字符串拆分成数组？

本文翻译自：Split a String into an array in Swift?

Say I have a string here: 说我在这里有一个字符串：

var fullName: String = "First Last"

I want to split the string base on white space and assign the values to their respective variables 我想在空白处分割字符串并将值分配给它们各自的变量

var fullNameArr = // something like: fullName.explode(" ")
var firstName: String = fullNameArr[0]
var lastName: String? = fullnameArr[1]

Also, sometimes users might not have a last name. 同样，有时用户可能没有姓氏。

#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/1jk7J/在Swift中将字符串拆分成数组

#2楼

The easiest method to do this is by using componentsSeparatedBy: 最简单的方法是使用componentsSeparatedBy：

For Swift 2: 对于Swift 2：

import Foundation
let fullName : String = "First Last";
let fullNameArr : [String] = fullName.componentsSeparatedByString(" ")
// And then to access the individual words:
var firstName : String = fullNameArr[0]
var lastName : String = fullNameArr[1]

For Swift 3: 对于Swift 3：

import Foundation
let fullName : String = "First Last"
let fullNameArr : [String] = fullName.components(separatedBy: " ")
// And then to access the individual words:
var firstName : String = fullNameArr[0]
var lastName : String = fullNameArr[1]

#3楼

Just call componentsSeparatedByString method on your fullName 只需在您的fullName上调用componentsSeparatedByString方法

import Foundation
var fullName: String = "First Last"
let fullNameArr = fullName.componentsSeparatedByString(" ")
var firstName: String = fullNameArr[0]
var lastName: String = fullNameArr[1]

Update for Swift 3+ Swift 3+更新

import Foundation
let fullName
= "First Last"
let fullNameArr = fullName.components(separatedBy: " ")
let name
= fullNameArr[0]
let surname = fullNameArr[1]

#4楼

As an alternative to WMios's answer, you can also use componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet , which can be handy in the case you have more separators (blank space, comma, etc.). 作为WMios答案的替代方法，您还可以使用componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet ，如果您有更多的分隔符（空格，逗号等），则可以使用该componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet 。

With your specific input: 用您的特定输入：

let separators = NSCharacterSet(charactersInString: " ")
var fullName: String = "First Last";
var words = fullName.componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet(separators)
// words contains ["First", "Last"]

Using multiple separators: 使用多个分隔符：

let separators = NSCharacterSet(charactersInString: " ,")
var fullName: String = "Last, First Middle";
var words = fullName.componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet(separators)
// words contains ["Last", "First", "Middle"]

#5楼

The Swift way is to use the global split function, like so: Swift的方法是使用全局split功能，如下所示：

var fullName = "First Last"
var fullNameArr = split(fullName) {$0 == " "}
var firstName: String = fullNameArr[0]
var lastName: String? = fullNameArr.count > 1 ? fullNameArr[1] : nil

with Swift 2 与Swift 2

In Swift 2 the use of split becomes a bit more complicated due to the introduction of the internal CharacterView type. 在Swift 2中，由于引入了内部CharacterView类型，对split的使用变得更加复杂。 This means that String no longer adopts the SequenceType or CollectionType protocols and you must instead use the .characters property to access a CharacterView type representation of a String instance. 这意味着String不再采用SequenceType或CollectionType协议，而必须使用.characters属性访问String实例的CharacterView类型表示。 (Note: CharacterView does adopt SequenceType and CollectionType protocols). （注意：CharacterView确实采用SequenceType和CollectionType协议）。

let fullName = "First Last"
let fullNameArr = fullName.characters.split{$0 == " "}.map(String.init)
// or simply:
// let fullNameArr = fullName.characters.split{" "}.map(String.init)
fullNameArr[0] // First
fullNameArr[1] // Last

#6楼

Swift 4 or later Swift 4或更高版本

If you just need to properly format a person name, you can use PersonNameComponentsFormatter . 如果只需要正确格式化人名，则可以使用PersonNameComponentsFormatter 。

The PersonNameComponentsFormatter class provides localized representations of the components of a person's name, as represented by a PersonNameComponents object. PersonNameComponentsFormatter类提供人名组成部分的本地化表示，如PersonNameComponents对象所表示。 Use this class to create localized names when displaying person name information to the user. 在向用户显示人员姓名信息时，使用此类创建本地化的姓名。

// iOS (9.0 and later), macOS (10.11 and later), tvOS (9.0 and later), watchOS (2.0 and later)
let nameFormatter = PersonNameComponentsFormatter()
let name =
"Mr. Steven Paul Jobs Jr."
// personNameComponents requires iOS (10.0 and later)
if let nameComps
= nameFormatter.personNameComponents(from: name) {
nameComps.namePrefix
// Mr.
nameComps.givenName
// Steven
nameComps.middleName
// Paul
nameComps.familyName
// Jobs
nameComps.nameSuffix
// Jr.
// It can also be configured to format your names
// Default (same as medium), short, long or abbreviated
nameFormatter.style = .default
nameFormatter.string(from: nameComps)
// "Steven Jobs"
nameFormatter.style = .short
nameFormatter.string(from: nameComps)
// "Steven"
nameFormatter.style = .long
nameFormatter.string(from: nameComps)
// "Mr. Steven Paul Jobs jr."
nameFormatter.style = .abbreviated
nameFormatter.string(from: nameComps)
// SJ
// It can also be use to return an attributed string using annotatedString method
nameFormatter.style = .long
nameFormatter.annotatedString(from: nameComps)
// "Mr. Steven Paul Jobs jr."
}

edit/update: 编辑/更新：

Swift 5 or later Swift 5或更高版本

For just splitting a string by non letter characters we can use the new Character property isLetter : 仅用非字母字符分割字符串，我们可以使用新的Character属性isLetter ：

let fullName = "First Last"
let components = fullName.split{ !$0.isLetter }
print(components)
// "["First", "Last"]n"

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