概述
本文档介绍部署高可用 kube-controller-manager 集群的步骤。
该集群包含3个节点,启动后将通过竞争选举机制产生一个leader节点,其他节点为阻塞状态。当leader节点不可用时,阻塞的节点将再次进行选举产生新的leader节点,从而保证服务的可用性。
为保证通信安全,本文档先生成 x509 证书和秘钥,kube-controller-manager 在如下两种情况下使用该证书:
- 与 kube-apiserver 的安全端口通信;
- 在安全端口(https,10252) 输出 prometheus 格式的 metrics;
注意:如果没有特殊指明,本文档的所有操作均在 k8s-01 节点上执行。
一、创建 kube-controller-manager 证书和私钥
创建证书签名请求:
cd /opt/k8s/work
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.0.71",
"192.168.0.72",
"192.168.0.73"
],
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"OU": "opsnull"
}
]
}
EOF
- hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP;
- CN 和 O 均为
system:kube-controller-manager
,kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindingssystem:kube-controller-manager
赋予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的权限。
生成证书和私钥:
$ cd /opt/k8s/work
$ cfssl gencert -ca=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem
-ca-key=/opt/k8s/work/ca-key.pem
-config=/opt/k8s/work/ca-config.json
-profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
$ ls kube-controller-manager*pem
将生成的证书和私钥分发到所有 master 节点:
cat > deploy.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-controller-manager*.pem root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/
done
EOF
二、创建和分发 kubeconfig 文件
kube-controller-manager 使用 kubeconfig 文件访问 apiserver,该文件提供了 apiserver 地址、嵌入的 CA 证书和 kube-controller-manager 证书等信息:
$ cd /opt/k8s/work
$ source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server="https://##NODE_IP##:6443"
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
$ kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager
--client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem
--client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem
--embed-certs=true
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
$ kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager
--cluster=kubernetes
--user=system:kube-controller-manager
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
$ kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
- kube-controller-manager 与 kube-apiserver 混布,故直接通过节点 IP 访问 kube-apiserver;
分发 kubeconfig 到所有 master 节点:
cat > deploy.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
sed -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${node_ip}/" kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig > kube-controller-manager-${node_ip}.kubeconfig
scp kube-controller-manager-${node_ip}.kubeconfig root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
done
EOF
三、 创建 kube-controller-manager systemd unit 模板文件
$ cd /opt/k8s/work
$ source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
$ cat > kube-controller-manager.service.template <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=${K8S_DIR}/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-controller-manager \
--profiling \
--cluster-name=kubernetes \
--controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \
--kube-api-qps=1000 \
--kube-api-burst=2000 \
--leader-elect \
--use-service-account-credentials\
--concurrent-service-syncs=2 \
--bind-address=##NODE_IP## \
--secure-port=10252 \
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
--port=0 \
--authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
--client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--requestheader-allowed-names="aggregator" \
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix="X-Remote-Extra-" \
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \
--authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=876000h \
--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s \
--concurrent-deployment-syncs=10 \
--concurrent-gc-syncs=30 \
--node-cidr-mask-size=24 \
--service-cluster-ip-range=${SERVICE_CIDR} \
--pod-eviction-timeout=6m \
--terminated-pod-gc-threshold=10000 \
--root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
--logtostderr=true \
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
--port=0
:关闭监听非安全端口(http),同时--address
参数无效,--bind-address
参数有效;--secure-port=10252
、--bind-address=0.0.0.0
: 在所有网络接口监听 10252 端口的 https /metrics 请求;--kubeconfig
:指定 kubeconfig 文件路径,kube-controller-manager 使用它连接和验证 kube-apiserver;--authentication-kubeconfig
和--authorization-kubeconfig
:kube-controller-manager 使用它连接 apiserver,对 client 的请求进行认证和授权。kube-controller-manager
不再使用--tls-ca-file
对请求 https metrics 的 Client 证书进行校验。如果没有配置这两个 kubeconfig 参数,则 client 连接 kube-controller-manager https 端口的请求会被拒绝(提示权限不足)。--cluster-signing-*-file
:签名 TLS Bootstrap 创建的证书;--experimental-cluster-signing-duration
:指定 TLS Bootstrap 证书的有效期;--root-ca-file
:放置到容器 ServiceAccount 中的 CA 证书,用来对 kube-apiserver 的证书进行校验;--service-account-private-key-file
:签名 ServiceAccount 中 Token 的私钥文件,必须和 kube-apiserver 的--service-account-key-file
指定的公钥文件配对使用;--service-cluster-ip-range
:指定 Service Cluster IP 网段,必须和 kube-apiserver 中的同名参数一致;--leader-elect=true
:集群运行模式,启用选举功能;被选为 leader 的节点负责处理工作,其它节点为阻塞状态;--controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner
:启用的控制器列表,tokencleaner 用于自动清理过期的 Bootstrap token;--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-*
:custom metrics 相关参数,支持 autoscaling/v2alpha1;--tls-cert-file
、--tls-private-key-file
:使用 https 输出 metrics 时使用的 Server 证书和秘钥;--use-service-account-credentials=true
: kube-controller-manager 中各 controller 使用 serviceaccount 访问 kube-apiserver;
四、 为各节点创建和分发 kube-controller-mananger systemd unit 文件
替换模板文件中的变量,为各节点创建 systemd unit 文件:
$ cat > deploy.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
do
sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${NODE_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${NODE_IPS[i]}/" kube-controller-manager.service.template > kube-controller-manager-${NODE_IPS[i]}.service
done
EOF
$ ls kube-controller-manager*.service
分发到所有 master 节点:
cat > deploy.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-controller-manager-${node_ip}.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
done
EOF
五、启动 kube-controller-manager 服务
cat > deploy.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p ${K8S_DIR}/kube-controller-manager"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-controller-manager && systemctl restart kube-controller-manager"
done
EOF
六、检查服务运行状态
cat > deploy.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl status kube-controller-manager|grep Active"
done
EOF
输出内容如下:
$ ./deploy.sh
>>> 192.168.0.71
Active: active (running) since Fri 2020-04-24 13:31:47 CST; 1min 3s ago
>>> 192.168.0.72
Active: active (running) since Fri 2020-04-24 13:31:51 CST; 1min 3s ago
>>> 192.168.0.73
Active: active (running) since Fri 2020-04-24 13:31:52 CST; 1min 2s ago
确保状态为 active (running)
,否则通过如下命令查看日志,确认原因:
journalctl -u kube-controller-manager
kube-controller-manager 监听 10252 端口,接收 https 请求:
$ sudo netstat -lnpt | grep kube-cont
tcp 0 0 192.168.0.71:10252 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 26653/kube-controll
七、查看输出的metrics
注意:以下命令在 kube-controller-manager 节点上执行。
$ curl -s --cacert /opt/k8s/work/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem https://192.168.0.71:10252/metrics |head
# HELP apiserver_audit_event_total [ALPHA] Counter of audit events generated and sent to the audit backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_event_total counter
apiserver_audit_event_total 0
# HELP apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total [ALPHA] Counter of apiserver requests rejected due to an error in audit logging backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total counter
apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total 0
# HELP apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds [ALPHA] Distribution of the remaining lifetime on the certificate used to authenticate a request.
# TYPE apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds histogram
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="0"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="1800"} 0
八、查看当前的leader
$ kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager --namespace=kube-system -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
annotations:
control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"k8s-01_130e5bf0-8d2a-42d5-86a4-9ef84c16e641","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2020-04-24T05:31:47Z","renewTime":"2020-04-24T05:42:44Z","leaderTransitions":0}'
creationTimestamp: "2020-04-24T05:31:47Z"
name: kube-controller-manager
namespace: kube-system
resourceVersion: "3489"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-controller-manager
uid: 395decb9-a8fb-4c91-89a5-d31fb0bdfc0e
可以看到,当前的 leader 为k8s-01 节点。
九、测试 kube-controller-manager 集群的高可用
停掉一个或两个节点的 kube-controller-manager 服务,观察其它节点的日志,看是否获取了 leader 权限。
现在停掉 k8s-01节点上的kube-controller-manager。
$ systemctl stop kube-controller-manager
$ systemctl status kube-controller-manager |grep Active
Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2020-04-24 13:48:36 CST; 46s ago
再查看一下当前的leader:
$ kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager --namespace=kube-system -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
annotations:
control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"k8s-02_59ba72de-6138-475b-90e8-b2807cab5bbf","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2020-04-24T05:48:58Z","renewTime":"2020-04-24T05:49:28Z","leaderTransitions":1}'
creationTimestamp: "2020-04-24T05:31:47Z"
name: kube-controller-manager
namespace: kube-system
resourceVersion: "3802"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-controller-manager
uid: 395decb9-a8fb-4c91-89a5-d31fb0bdfc0e
可以看到现在的leader是k8s-02了。
参考文章:
-
关于 controller 权限和 use-service-account-credentials 参数:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/48208
-
kubelet 认证和授权:https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/kubelet-authentication-authorization/#kubelet-authorization
最后
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