概述
nginx进阶
目录
nginx进阶
访问控制
用户认证
配置实例
https配置
访问控制
权限控制指令
Nginx中提供了两个用于配置访问权限控制的指令，分别为allow和deny。从其名称就可以看出，allow用于设置允许访问的权限、deny用于设置禁止访问的权限。在使用时，权限指令后只需要跟上允许或禁止的ip、ip段或all即可。其中，all表示所有的。
单个ip指定的范围最小，all指定的范围最大
同一块下，若同时存在多个权限指令（deny、allow），则先出现的访问权限设置生效，并且会对后出现的设置进行覆盖，未覆盖的范围以然生效，否则以先出现的设置为准
当多个块（如http、server、location）中都出现了权限设置指令，则内层块中的权限级别要比外层块中设置的权限级别高
用于location段
allow：设定允许哪台或哪些主机访问，多个参数间用空格隔开
deny：设定禁止哪台或哪些主机访问，多个参数间用空格隔开
location / {
stub_status on;
allow 192.168.40.1;
deny all;
}
用户认证
auth_basic “欢迎信息”;
auth_basic_user_file “/path/to/user_auth_file”;
//user_auth_file内容格式
username:password这里的密码为加密后的密码串，建议用htpasswd来创建文件
htpasswd -c -m /path/to/.user_auth_file USERNAME配置实例
//授权用户
//安装httpd-tools软件包
[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install httpd-tools
//创建用户密钥文件
[root@nginx ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@nginx nginx]# htpasswd -c -m .user_auth_file niuma
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user niuma
[root@nginx nginx]#
[root@nginx nginx]# cat .user_auth_file
niuma:$apr1$C/alc5Ab$m4waqGTDkdCe9k5Bzfcf61
//配置nginx（注意auth_basic_user_file必须用绝对路径）
[root@nginx conf]# vim nginx.conf
location /status {
stub_status on;
auth_basic_user_file "/usr/local/nginx/conf/.user_auth_file";
}
//ngint -t 测试配置文件并重载配置文件
[root@nginx conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@nginx conf]# nginx -s reload
https配置
在CA服务器中生成一对密钥
[root@CA ~]# mkdir -p /etc/pki/CA/private
[root@CA ~]# cd /etc/pki/CA/
[root@CA CA]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
..............................................................................................+++++
.........................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
[root@CA CA]# openssl rsa -in private/cakey.pem -pubout
writing RSA key
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAmrSDCcbCEyJDjFxSznWh
JzbqYQxcrlXGLjFHQ1vhBZUUGllVVcUQVZ1civMAV/ORBVBiLe22BiucuxIkvdvg
Ge9wPXJN1i1xIak5kFMtkhKwjGREo7Jeh6dlUtqxhVMpq9V8qx/qTS93FxGwNBv5
eSiUkMHrClpCmYkpjFMX+V57jurSlqB38XJYa+pBxNuerQ/RHiJjAaMfLXucc3aZ
pZ/F5s6Hjqrvh2EmP06vJaPAyVwAtAlpsbityoBzE5SAF/3SitE7L0QuTl1fRwaB
1oZ2UUBKrryojHXfRBgNy7900tUT65OD3ZFVwKFwtlJMINd3GM1oFBl/oXBmZONm
GQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
[root@CA CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 1024
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:HB
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:WH
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:haha
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:linux
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:sb
Email Address []:sb@example.com
[root@CA CA]#
//在nginix中生成证书签署请求，发送给CA
[root@nginx nginx]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out httpd.key 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
.....................................................................+++++
.........................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
[root@nginx nginx]# openssl req -new -key httpd.key -days 1024 -out httpd.csr
Ignoring -days; not generating a certificate
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:HB
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:WH
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:haha
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:linux
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:sb
Email Address []:sb@example.com
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
[root@nginx nginx]# scp httpd.csr ssh root@192.168.40.100:/etc/pki/CA
//在CA主机中查看
[root@CA CA]# ls
cacert.pem httpd.csr private
//CA签署证书并发送给NGINX
[root@CA CA]# mkdir /etc/pki/CA/newcerts
[root@CA CA]# touch /etc/pki/CA/index.txt
[root@CA CA]# echo "01" > /etc/pki/CA/serial
[root@CA CA]# openssl ca -in httpd.csr -out httpd.crt -days 1024
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Oct 13 07:44:10 2022 GMT
Not After : Aug 2 07:44:10 2025 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = HB
organizationName = haha
organizationalUnitName = linux
commonName = sb
emailAddress = sb@example.com
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
5B:E0:3F:65:4F:C2:54:FF:ED:50:DE:27:2B:39:B0:BD:69:9F:77:54
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:13:AF:1A:7A:A5:AF:6E:83:FD:99:91:07:6B:46:AD:A3:7C:1D:F6:50
Certificate is to be certified until Aug 2 07:44:10 2025 GMT (1024 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
[root@CA CA]# ls
cacert.pem httpd.csr index.txt.attr newcerts serial
httpd.crt index.txt index.txt.old private serial.old
//将CA签署的证书httpd.crt和服务器的证书cacert.pem发送给nginx
[root@CA CA]# cp httpd.crt root@192.168.40.99:/usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@CA private]# scp /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem root@192.168.40.99:/usr/local/nginx/conf/
//nginx配置https
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name localhost;
ssl_certificate httpd.crt;
ssl_certificate_key httpd.key;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
//nginx -t 测试配置文件
[root@nginx conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
//编辑测试网页，重载服务，验证
[root@nginx conf]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@nginx html]# echo "hello,my name is sb niahao" > index.html
[root@nginx html]# nginx -s reload
最后
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