Nginx的https配置记录以及http强制跳转到https的方法梳理

一、Nginx安装（略） 安装的时候需要注意加上 --with-httpsslmodule，因为httpsslmodule不属于Nginx的基本模块。 Nginx安装方法：

1 2

./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-httpstubstatusmodule --with-httpssl_module

make && make install

二、生成证书(略) 可以使用openssl生成证书： 可参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5865501.html 比如生成如下两个证书文件（假设存放路径为/usr/local/nginx/cert/）： wangshibo.crt wangshibo.key

三、修改Nginx配置 server { listen 443; server_name www.wangshibo.com; root /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/httpdocs/main/;

      ssl on;
      ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.crt;
      ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.key;
      ssl_session_timeout 5m;
      ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
      ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;                                            //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
      ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

      access_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.log main;
      error_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_error_ssl.log;

     if ($remote_addr !~ ^(124.165.97.144|133.110.186.128|133.110.186.88)) {           //对访问的来源ip做白名单限制
            rewrite ^.*$ /maintence.php last;
     }
     location ~ .php$ {
          fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
          fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
          fastcgi_index index.php;
          fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
         #include fastcgi_params;
         include fastcgi.conf;
     }

}

---------------------------------http访问强制跳转到https--------------------------------- 网站添加了https证书后，当http方式访问网站时就会报404错误，所以需要做http到https的强制跳转设置.

---------------一、采用nginx的rewrite方法---------------------

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 1) 下面是将所有的http请求通过rewrite重写到https上。 例如将所有的dev.wangshibo.com域名的http访问强制跳转到https。 下面配置均可以实现：

配置1： server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm;

access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;        //这是ngixn早前的写法，现在还可以使用。

location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}

上面的跳转配置rewrite ^(.)$ https://$host$1 permanent; 也可以改为下面 rewrite ^/(.)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com/$1 permanent; 或者

rewrite ^ http://dev.wangshibo.com$request_uri? permanent;

配置2： server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm;

access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;      //这是nginx最新支持的写法

location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}

配置3：这种方式适用于多域名的时候，即访问wangshibo.com的http也会强制跳转到https://dev.wangshibo.com上面 server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm;

access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

if ($host ~* "^wangshibo.com$") {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangshibo.com/ permanent;
}

location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}

配置4：下面是最简单的一种配置 server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm;

access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

if ($host = "dev.wangshibo.com") {
   rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com permanent;
}

location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}

---------------二、采用nginx的497状态码---------------------

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS 解释：当网站只允许https访问时，当用http访问时nginx会报出497错误码

思路： 利用error_page命令将497状态码的链接重定向到https://dev.wangshibo.com这个域名上

配置实例： 如下访问dev.wangshibo.com或者wangshibo.com的http都会被强制跳转到https server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm;

access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args; 

location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}

也可以将80和443的配置放在一起： server { listen 127.0.0.1:443; #ssl端口 listen 127.0.0.1:80; #用户习惯用http访问，加上80，后面通过497状态码让它自动跳到443端口 servername dev.wangshibo.com; #为一个server{……}开启ssl支持 ssl on; #指定PEM格式的证书文件 sslcertificate /etc/nginx/wangshibo.pem;
#指定PEM格式的私钥文件 sslcertificatekey /etc/nginx/wangshibo.key;

#让http请求重定向到https请求  
error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args; 

location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}

---------------三、利用meta的刷新作用将http跳转到https---------------------

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 上述的方法均会耗费服务器的资源，可以借鉴百度使用的方法：巧妙的利用meta的刷新作用，将http跳转到https 可以基于http://dev.wangshibo.com的虚拟主机路径下写一个index.html，内容就是http向https的跳转

将下面的内容追加到index.html首页文件内 [root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html

[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm;

access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

#将404的页面重定向到https的首页 
error_page  404 https://dev.wangshibo.com/;  

location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;         
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}

}

下面是nginx反代tomcat，并且http强制跳转至https。 访问http://zrx.wangshibo.com和访问http://172.29.34.33:8080/zrx/结果是一样的

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 [root@BJLX3433V vhosts]# cat zrx.conf server { listen 80; servername zrx.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm;

access_log  logs/access.log;
error_log   logs/error.log;

return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;     

location ~ / {
root /data/nginx/html;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}

[root@BJLX3433V vhosts]# cat ssl-zrx.conf upstream tomcat8 { server 172.29.34.33:8080 maxfails=3 fail_timeout=30s; }

server { listen 443; server_name zrx.wangshibo.com; ssl on;

### SSL log files ### accesslog logs/ssl-access.log; errorlog logs/ssl-error.log;

SSL cert files

sslcertificate ssl/wangshibo.cer; sslcertificatekey ssl/wangshibo.key; sslsession_timeout 5m;

location / { proxypass http://tomcat8/zrx/; proxynextupstream error timeout invalidheader http500 http502 http503; proxysetheader Host $host; proxysetheader X-Real-IP $remoteaddr; proxysetheader X-Forwarded-For $proxyaddxforwardedfor; proxysetheader X-Forwarded-Proto https; proxyredirect off; } } ---------------四、通过proxyredirec方式---------------------

1 2 3 解决办法：

re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home

proxy_redirect http:// https://; 当你发现自己的才华撑不起野心时，就请安静下来学习吧