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latex tikz使用总结

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我是靠谱客的博主 可爱画笔，最近开发中收集的这篇文章主要介绍latex tikz使用总结，觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

概述

1 绘制流程图

documentclass[a4paper,UTF8]{article}
usepackage{xcolor}
usepackage{tikz}
usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes,chains}
begin{document}
centering
begin{figure}
scriptsize
tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]
tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin]
tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]
begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=8mm,
auto,>=latex',
thin,
start chain=going below,
every join/.style={norm},]
node[format] (n0){A};
node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};
node[format,below of=n1] (n2){C};
node[format,below of=n2] (n3){D};
node[point,right of=n3] (p0){};
node[point,left of=n3] (p1){};
node[format,below of=n3] (n4){E};
node[format,below of=n4] (n5){F};
node[format,right of=n5] (n6){G};
node[test,below of=n5] (n7){H};
node[point,right of=n7] (p2){};
node[format,below of=n7] (n8){I};
draw[->] (n0.south) -- (n1);
draw[->] (n1.south) -- (n2);
draw[->] (n2.south) -- (n3);
draw[->] (n3.south) -- (n4);
draw[->] (n4.south) -- (n5);
draw[->] (n5.south) -- (n7);
draw[->] (n7.south) to node {Yes} (n8);
draw[->] (n7.east) to node {No} (p2) |- (n6.south);
draw[->] (n6.north) -- (p0) |- (n3.east);
end{tikzpicture}
end{figure}
end{document}


        format定义了语句块的颜色、形状和边，test定义了条件块的形状（菱形）和颜色等，point是像素点，用于连接转移线。有时我们会发现条件块的语句太长，可以在定义里指定条件块的宽度，这样编译出来的图形里的文字会自动换行，比如说 

tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]

        start chain=going below指明了流程图的默认方向，node ditance=8mm则指明了默认的node距离。这些可以在定义node的时候更改，比如说

node[point,right of=n3,node distance=10mm] (p0){};
        这里声明了node p0，它在node n3 的右边，距离是10mm。

        定义完node之后画线。线可以是实线、虚线、曲线等，也可以带箭头和不带箭头。
        箭头

	begin{figure}
scriptsize
tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]
tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]
tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]
begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=8mm,
auto,>=latex',
thin,
start chain=going below,
every join/.style={norm},]
node[format] (n0){A};
node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};
draw[->] (n0.south) -- (n1);
end{tikzpicture}
end{figure}


        不带箭头

begin{figure}
scriptsize
tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]
tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]
tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]
begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=8mm,
auto,>=latex',
thin,
start chain=going below,
every join/.style={norm},]
node[format] (n0){A};
node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};
draw[-] (n0.south) -- (n1);
end{tikzpicture}
end{figure}


        双箭头和虚线

begin{figure}
scriptsize
tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]
tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]
tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]
begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=18mm,
auto,>=latex',
thin,
start chain=going below,
every join/.style={norm},]
node[format] (n0){A};
node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};
node[format,below of=n1](n2){C};
draw[<->] (n0.south) -- (n1.north);
draw[<-,dashed] (n1.south) -- (n2.north);
end{tikzpicture}
end{figure}


        带文字的线

begin{figure}
scriptsize
tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]
tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]
tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]
begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=18mm,
auto,>=latex',
thin,
start chain=going below,
every join/.style={norm},]
node[format] (n0){A};
node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};
node[format,below of=n1](n2){C};
draw[<-] (n0.south) to node{Yes} (n1.north);
draw[<-,dashed] (n1.south) -- (n2.north);
end{tikzpicture}
end{figure}


        文字总是在箭头方向的右边，如果想让文字在左边可以这样做，

draw[->] (n1.north) to node{Yes} (n0.south);

        曲线和带颜色的线 

begin{figure}
scriptsize
tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]
tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]
tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]
begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=18mm,
auto,>=latex',
thin,
start chain=going below,
every join/.style={norm},]
node[format] (n0){A};
node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};
node[format,below of=n1](n2){C};
draw[->] (n1.north) to[out=60,in=300] node{Yes} (n0.south);
draw[->,draw=red](n2)--(n1);
end{tikzpicture}
end{figure}



        除了使用below of, right of这些语句指定位置外，我们还可以直接指定node的位置 

node[format] (n0) at(3,0){A};

2 画故障树 

usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes,chains,shapes.gates.logic.US,trees,positioning}

begin{figure}
begin{tikzpicture}[
and/.style={and gate US,thick,draw,fill=red!60,rotate=90,
anchor=east,xshift=-1mm,scale=0.7},
or/.style={or gate US,thick,draw,fill=blue!60,rotate=90,
anchor=east,xshift=-1mm,scale=0.7},
label distance=1mm,
every label/.style={blue},
event/.style={rectangle,thick,draw,fill=yellow!20,text width=0.5cm,
text centered,font=sffamily,anchor=north},
basicEvent/.style={circle,thick,draw,fill=blue!20,text width=0.5cm,
text centered,font=sffamily,anchor=north},
edge from parent/.style={very thick,draw=black!70},
edge from parent path={(tikzparentnode.south) -- ++(0,-0.8cm)
-| (tikzchildnode.north)},
level 1/.style={sibling distance=7cm,level distance=0.9cm,
growth parent anchor=south,nodes=event},
level 2/.style={sibling distance=3cm},
level 3/.style={sibling distance=2cm},
level 4/.style={sibling distance=1cm}
]
node (g1) [event] {A}
child{node (g2) {B}
child {node (g3) {C}
child {node (g4) {D}
child {node (t1)[basicEvent] {e0}}
child {node (b2)[basicEvent] {e1}}
}
child {node (g5) {G}
child {node (t2)[basicEvent] {e1}}
child {node (b3)[basicEvent] {e2}}
}
}
child {node (b1)[basicEvent] {e3}}
};
node [and] at (g1.south) {};
node [or] at (g2.south) {};
node [and] at (g3.south) {};
node [or] at (g4.south) {};
node [or] at (g5.south) {};
end{tikzpicture}
end{figure}


        node .. child使用使用树的形式定义故障树，sibling distance=1cm声明了两个兄弟节点的距离，scale=0.7缩放逻辑门。

3 结合beamer

begin{figure}
begin{minipage}[t]{0.68linewidth}
begin{figure}
centering
footnotesize
tikzstyle{serviceA}=[rectangle,draw,ultra thick,fill=blue!40]
tikzstyle{serviceB}=[rectangle,draw,ultra thick,fill=blue!10]
tikzstyle{db}=[circle,draw,ultra thick,fill=red!20]
tikzstyle{dbA}=[circle,draw,ultra thick,fill=blue!40]
tikzstyle{dbB}=[circle,draw,ultra thick,fill=blue!10]
tikzstyle{explaination}=[]
tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate]
begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=20mm,
auto,>=latex',
thin,
start chain=going below,
every join/.style={norm},
invisible/.style={opacity=0},
visible on/.style={alt={#1{}{invisible}}},
alt/.code args={<#1>#2#3}{%
alt<#1>{pgfkeysalso{#2}}{pgfkeysalso{#3}} % pgfkeysalso doesn't change the path
},]
node[serviceA] (serviceA) at (0,0) {serviceA};
node[explaination,visible on=<1-1>] (s0a) at (-1,0) {$s_0$};
node[explaination,visible on=<2-4>] (s1a) at (-1,0) {$s_1$};
node[explaination,visible on=<5-5>] (s2a) at (-1,0) {$s_2$};
node[explaination,visible on=<6->] (s3a) at (-1,0) {$s_3$};
node[serviceB] (serviceB) at (4.5,0) {serviceB};
node[explaination,visible on=<1-1>] (s0b) at (5.5,0) {$s_0$};
node[explaination,visible on=<2-4>] (s1b) at (5.5,0) {$s_1$};
node[explaination,visible on=<5-5>] (s2b) at (5.5,0) {$s_2$};
node[explaination,visible on=<6->] (s3b) at (5.5,0) {$s_3$};
node[db] (db1) at (0,-4.5) {db1};
node[dbA,visible on=<3->] (db1a) at (0,-4.5) {db1};
node[explaination,visible on=<1-2>] (s01) at (-1,-4.5) {$s_0$};
node[explaination,visible on=<3-3>] (s11) at (-1,-4.5) {$s_1$};
node[explaination,visible on=<4->] (s21) at (-1,-4.5) {$s_2$};
node[db] (db2) at (4.5,-4.5) {db2};
node[dbB,visible on=<3->] (db2b) at (4.5,-4.5) {db2};
node[explaination,visible on=<1-2>] (s02) at (5.5,-4.5) {$s_0$};
node[explaination,visible on=<3-3>] (s12) at (5.5,-4.5) {$s_3$};
node[explaination,visible on=<4->] (s22) at (5.5,-4.5) {$s_4$};
node[explaination,visible on=<6->] (error0) at (0.7,-4.5) {$times$};
node[explaination,visible on=<6->] (error1) at (3.8,-4.5) {$times$};
node[point] (errorp0) at (0.7,-4.5) {};
node[point] (errorp1) at (3.8,-4.5) {};
draw[<-,visible on=<2->] (db1.north) to[out=120,in=240] node {1 getA} (serviceA.south);
draw[<-,visible on=<4->] (serviceA.south) to node {2 returnA} (db1.north);
draw[->,dashed,draw=red,visible on=<6->] (serviceA.south) to[out=0,in=180] node {3 getA} (errorp1);
draw[<-,visible on=<2->] (db2.north) to node {1 getB} (serviceB.south);
draw[<-,visible on=<4->] (serviceB.south) to[in=60,out=300] node {returnB} (db2.north);
draw[->,dashed,draw=red,visible on=<6->] (serviceB.south)
to[out=180,in=0] node {3 getB} (errorp0);
end{tikzpicture}
end{figure}
end{minipage}
pause
begin{minipage}[t]{0.3linewidth}
footnotesize
begin{equation*}
begin{split}
serviceB:&s_3xLongrightarrow{successB} s_4\
serviceA:&s_3xLongrightarrow{successA} s_4\
db1:&s_2xLongrightarrow{clearA} s_0\
db2:&s_4xLongrightarrow{clearB} s_0
end{split}
end{equation*}
end{minipage}
end{figure}

tikzpicture环境中加入invisible/.style，visible on/.style，alt/.code args的定义，在node和draw定义里加入visible on=<1-2>表示在slide1到2中显示该元素。

最后

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